ASTM F2379-2004(2016) Standard Test Method for Energy Performance of Powered Open Warewashing Sinks《电动开启清洗槽能量性能的试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2379 04 (Reapproved 2016) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEnergy Performance of Powered Open Warewashing Sinks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2379; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in

2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption ofpowered open warewashing sinks.

3、The food service operatorcan use these tests to evaluate and select a suitable washingdevice and understand its energy consumption.1.2 This test method applies to powered open warewashingsinks (powered sinks) with the following characteristics: alarge main water sink with electrically powered water

4、pump(s)and multiple high flow water nozzles. The unit may include gasor electric heaters to maintain water temperature. These pow-ered sinks are designed to run for predetermined cycle durationand accommodate pots and pans of various shapes and sizes aswell as cooking utensils. They are intended for

5、 stand alone useand require little supervision. The powered sink will be testedfor the following (where applicable):1.2.1 Maximum energy input rate (10.2),1.2.2 Preheat energy consumption and duration (10.3),1.2.3 Idle energy rate (10.4),1.2.4 Pilot energy rate, if applicable (10.5), and1.2.5 Washin

6、g cycle energy consumption (10.6).NOTE 1This test method applies only to the powered portion of theunit. Other compartments (sanitizing, rinsing, and so forth) are notevaluated.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalco

7、nversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract

8、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, CompressibilityFactor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels2.2 ANSI Standard:2000 International Fuel Gas Code32.3 ASHRAE Documents:ASHRA

9、E Guideline 2 (RA90) Engineering Analysis of Ex-perimental Data4ASHRAE 1993 Fundamentals Handbook43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 powered open warewashing sink, or powered sink,nan all-purpose, stainless steel water sink with electricallypowered water pump(s) and multiple high flow water nozzles

10、designed for cleaning pots, pans, and utensils. The mainwashing sink holds 60 to 100 gal of heated water. The unit mayor may not feature a scrapper sink, rinse tank, sanitizing tank,scrap table, or a drain table, or both.3.1.2 test method, na definitive procedure for theidentification, measurement,

11、and evaluation of one or morequalities, characteristics, or properties of a material, product,system, or service that produces test results.3.1.3 uncertainty, nmeasure of systematic and precisionerrors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatabilityof a reported test result.3.2 Definitions

12、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 energy input rate, npeak rate at which a poweredsink consumes energy (Btu/h or kW (kJ/h).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on FoodService Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 onProductivity and Ener

13、gy Protocol.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2379 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F2379-04R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea

14、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Re

15、frigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 idle energy rate, nthe rate of energy consumed(Btu/h or k

16、W (kJ/h) by the powered sink while holding ormaintaining a water-filled wash sink at the 115F (46C)setpoint.3.2.3 pilot energy rate, naverage rate of energy consump-tion (Btu/h) by a powered sinks continuous pilot (if appli-cable).3.2.4 preheat energy, namount of energy consumed by thepowered sink w

17、hile preheating the wash sink water from 70 65F (21 6 3C) to 115F (46C), with the control(s) set to acalibrated 115F (46C).3.2.5 preheat rate, naverage rate (F/min) at which thepowered sinks water is heated from 70 6 5F (21 6 3C) to115F (46C), with the control(s) set to a calibrated 115F(46C).3.2.6

18、preheat time, ntime required for the powered sinkwater to preheat from 70 6 5F (21 6 3C) to 115F (46C),with the control(s) set to a calibrated 115F (46C).3.2.7 washing energy, namount of energy consumed (Btuor kWh (kJ) during the powered sinks washing cycle.3.2.8 washing energy rate, naverage rate o

19、f energy con-sumption (Btu/h or kW (kJ/h) during the powered sinkswashing cycle.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The powered sink under test is connected to the appro-priate metered energy supply. The measured energy input rateis determined and checked against the rated input beforecontinuing with testi

20、ng.4.2 The amount of cold (70 6 5F (21 6 3C) waterrequired to fill the main water sink to capacity is measured.4.3 The amount of energy and time required to preheat thepowered sinks wash sink from 70 6 5F (21 6 3C) to 115F(46C) is determined.4.4 The rate of idle energy consumption is determined with

21、the powered sink set to maintain 115F (46C) and the pumpmotor(s) switched off.4.5 Pilot energy rate is determined, when applicable, for gaspowered sinks.4.6 Washing cycle energy consumption is characterized fortwo different starting water temperatures: 70F (21C) and115F (46C).5. Significance and Use

22、5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that thepowered sink is operating properly prior to further testing.5.2 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food serviceoperators to manage power demands and to know how quicklythe powered sink can be ready for operation when filled withcold wat

23、er.NOTE 2It is typically recommended that powered sinks be filled withhot water prior to use. This test is useful for operations that have a limitedsupply of domestic hot water and would need to use cold water to fill thesink to capacity.5.3 Idle energy rate and pilot energy rate can be used toestim

24、ate energy consumption during standby periods.5.4 Washing cycle energy consumption can be used by thefood service operator to estimate energy consumption duringoperating periods.6. Apparatus6.1 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmosphericpressure, to be used for adjustment of measured natural gasvo

25、lume to standard conditions. Shall have a resolution of 0.2in. Hg and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg.6.2 Calibrated Exposed Junction Thermocouple Probes,with a range from 50 to 200F (10 to 93C), with a resolutionof 0.2F (0.1C) and an uncertainty of 0.5F (0.3C), formeasuring the average temperature of

26、the sink water, heatingelement temperature, and ambient air temperature.6.3 Gas Meter, for measuring the gas consumption of thepowered sink (if applicable), shall have a resolution of at least0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and a maximum uncertainty no greaterthan 1 % of the measured value for any demand greate

27、r than2.2 ft3/h (0.06 m3/h). If the meter is used for measuring the gasconsumed by pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at least0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and have a maximum uncertainty nogreater than 2 % of the measured value.6.4 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure.Shall have a range

28、 of zero to 10 in. H2O, a resolution of 0.5 in.H2O, and a maximum uncertainty of 1 % of the measuredvalue.6.5 Primary Supply, water heating system capable of sup-plying water at 115 6 5F (46 6 3C), as required by thepowered sink.6.6 Stop Watch, with a 1-s resolution.6.7 Temperature Sensor, for measu

29、ring natural gas tempera-ture in the range of 50 to 100F (10 to 37.8C), with aresolution of 0.5F (0.3C) and an uncertainty of 61F(0.6C).6.8 Thermocouple Probe, industry standard type T or type Kthermocouples capable of immersion with a range of 50 to200F (10 to 93C) and an uncertainty of 61F.6.9 Wat

30、t-Hour Meter, for measuring the electrical energyconsumption of a powered sink, shall have a resolution of atleast 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 1.5 %of the measured value for any demand greater than 100 W. Forany demand less than 100 W, the meter shall have a resolutionof at least

31、 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than10 %.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Water, to fill the water sink shall meet the manufactur-ers specifications for quality and hardness.7.2 Powered Sink Detergent, to be added to the water shallmeet power washer manufacturers specifications for type anda

32、mount. Otherwise, the detergent shall be a standard liquidF2379 04 (2016)2type with labeling specifying use in power washers and fourounces (4 oz) shall be added to the primary wash tank for alltests.8. Sampling and Test Units8.1 Powered SinkA representative production model withheater shall be sele

33、cted for performance testing.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Install the appliance in accordance with the manufactur-ers instructions and under a dedicated hood if necessary. Bothsides of the powered sink shall be a minimum of 6 in. (305mm) from any wall, side partition, or other operating appli-ance

34、.The associated heating or cooling system shall be capableof maintaining an ambient temperature of 75 6 5F (24 6 3C)within the testing environment when the exhaust ventilationsystem or the powered sink, or both, are operating.9.2 Connect the powered sink to a calibrated energy testmeter. For gas ins

35、tallations, install a pressure regulator down-stream from the meter to maintain a constant pressure of gasfor all tests. Install instrumentation to record both the pressureand temperature of the gas supplied to the powered sink and thebarometric pressure during each test so that the measured gasflow

36、 can be corrected to standard conditions. For electricinstallations, a voltage regulator may be required if the voltagesupply is not within 62.5 % of the manufacturers nameplatevoltage. For gas powered sinks, record gas temperature,pressure, and heating value. Record barometric pressure.9.3 For an e

37、lectric powered sink, confirm (while the pow-ered sink elements are energized) that the supply voltage iswithin 62.5 % of the operating voltage specified by themanufacturer (see Note 3). Record the voltage for each test.Pump and heater energy consumption shall be separatelymonitored and reported for

38、 all tests.NOTE 3It is the intent of the test procedure herein to evaluate theperformance of a powered sink at its rated gas pressure or electric voltage.If an electric powered sink is rated dual voltage (that is, designed tooperate at either 208 or 240 V with no change in components), the voltagese

39、lected by the manufacturer or tester, or both, shall be reported. If apowered sink is designed to operate at two voltages without a change inthe resistance of the heating elements, the performance of the poweredsink (for example, the preheat time) may differ at the two voltages.9.4 For a gas powered

40、 sink, adjust (during maximum energyinput) the gas supply pressure downstream from the poweredsinks pressure regulator to within 62.5 % of the operatingmanifold pressure specified by the manufacturer. Make adjust-ments to the powered sink following the manufacturersrecommendations for optimizing com

41、bustion.9.5 Install a temperature sensor to record ambient tempera-tures of the test room. Measure the height of the powered sink.The sensor shall be placed 24 in. (610 mm) away from the frontof the powered sink and at a height of half the powered sinksheight.9.6 Firmly attach eight thermocouple pro

42、bes evenly alongthe front and rear sides of the water sink only. For the frontwall, two thermocouple probes shall be located (13 height ofthe water fill line from the bottom), above the bottom of thesink (13 width of the sink), and one from the right and onefrom the left wall. Two more thermocouples

43、 shall be located(23 height of the water fill line from the bottom), above thebottom of the sink (13 width of the sink), and one from theright and one from the left wall. These steps shall be repeatedexactly for the rear wall. See Fig. 1. For example, for a watersink with a front wall dimension of 1

44、8 in. to the fill line and 48in. from left to right shall have two thermocouples located 6 in.from the bottom at 16 in. from either side and two thermo-couples 12 in. from the bottom and 16 in. from either side.Repeat for rear wall. (See Fig. 1 for thermocouple locationillustration.)FIG. 1 Diagram o

45、f Thermocouple Placement per 9.6F2379 04 (2016)310. Procedure10.1 General:10.1.1 For gas powered sinks, record the following for eachtest run:10.1.1.1 Higher heating value,10.1.1.2 Standard gas pressure and temperature used tocorrect measured gas volume to standard conditions,10.1.1.3 Measured gas t

46、emperature,10.1.1.4 Measured gas pressure,10.1.1.5 Barometric pressure, and10.1.1.6 Energy input rate during or immediately prior totest.NOTE 4For a gas appliance, the quantity of heat (energy) generated bythe complete combustion of the fuel is known as the heating value, heat ofcombustion, or calor

47、ific value of that fuel. For natural gas, this heatingvalue varies according to the constituents of the gas. It is measured inBtu/ft3. The heating value shall be obtained during testing and used in thedetermination of the energy input to the appliance. Using a calorimeter orgas chromatograph in acco

48、rdance with accepted laboratory procedures isthe preferred method for determining the higher heating value of gassupplied to the powered sink under test. It is recommended that all testingbe performed with gas having a higher heating value of 1000 to 1075Btu/ft3. The use of “bottle” natural gas with

49、 a certified heating valuewithin the specified 1000 to 1075 Btu/ft3(37 300 to 40 100 kJ/m3) rangeis an acceptable alternative.10.1.2 For gas powered sinks, record all electric energyconsumption along with gas energy for all tests, with theexception of the energy input rate test (see 10.2).10.1.3 For electric powered sinks, the following shall beobtained and recorded for each run of every test.10.1.3.1 Voltage while heating element is energized,10.1.3.2 Electricity consumed where appl