ASTM F2480-2018 Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark《地面混凝土滑板标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2480 06 (Reapproved 2017)F2480 18 An American National StandardStandard Guide forIn-ground Concrete Skatepark1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers safety and performance guidelines pertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built pri

3、marily out ofconcrete and other designed materials. This guide pertains to any concrete materials and other designed materials intended to beused in the performance of the sports including skateboarding, inline skating and BMX biking. Items such as fencing, lighting, andoperational structures are no

4、t intended to be a part of this guide.1.2 Tolerance: General Measures, Tolerances, and ConversionsGeneral dimensional tolerances for this guide (unlessotherwise noted) follow. These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, ormaximum are used.Dimens

5、ion ToleranceX in. or ft 0.5 in.X.X in. 0.05 in.X.XX in. 0.005 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard t

6、o establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision

7、on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement

8、A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A6

9、16M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A617/A617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC12

10、5 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1141 Specification

11、 for Admixtures for ShotcreteC1436 Specification for Materials for Shotcrete1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.66 on Sports Facilities.Current edition approved April 1,

12、 2017April 1, 2018. Published April 2017April 2018. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 asF2480 06 (2012).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/F2480-06R17.10.1520/F2480-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serv

13、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of a

14、n ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publi

15、shed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1480 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Combined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry Shotcrete ApplicationC1582/C1582M Spec

16、ification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in ConcreteE1155 Test Method for Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor Levelness Numbers2.2 ACI Standards:4ACI 11790 Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and MaterialsACI 302.1R-04 Guide for C

17、oncrete Floor and Slab ConstructionACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete2.3 ANSI Standards:5ANSI 2535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bowlfully enclosed or partially enclosed free-flowing form with specific transitions.3.1.2 copingcircular pipe or other ma

18、terial installed on some features.3.1.3 extensionadditional elevation of the top-riding surface within the platform area.3.1.4 featuressections of the skate surface, which is level, inclined, or curved solid surface on which the user of skateboards,inline skates, and BMX bicycles can maneuver.3.1.5

19、flat bottomhorizontal part of the riding surface between the transitions.3.1.6 flat ground flat, horizontal space, which is greater than 12 in. long.3.1.7 flatnessdegree to which a line or surface approximates a plane and is a measurement of local surface bumpiness/undulation.3.1.8 free falling heig

20、htperpendicular distance between the floor space and an adjacent low-lying space.3.1.9 in-ground concrete skateparkany concrete structure placed in ground that is to be used for skateboarding, inline skating,and BMX bicycles.3.1.10 levelnessdegree to which a line or surface parallels horizontal or d

21、esign grade; and is a measurement of localconformance to design grade over a distance.3.1.11 performance edgingdurable material installed on the accessible edges or surfaces of intersecting and terminating planeson features for performance purposes.3.1.12 pool copingmanufactured masonry product simi

22、lar in shape and function to that typically manufactured for swimmingpools. (See coping in 3.1.2.)3.1.13 protective edgingdurable material that protects accessible edges of intersecting and terminating planes on the ridingsurfaces for the purposes of reducing wear.3.1.14 transition/radiusradial chan

23、ge in slope between two elevations.3.1.15 resting areasport-functional clearance required for standing out of the flow of active skaters and clearing the activeskating zone to avoid a collision.3.1.16 riding surfacepart of skatepark structure on which the skater will be in contact.3.1.17 skatepark e

24、lement, feature, structure, or group of elements, features, structures within a defined boundary for use byskateboarders, inline skaters, or BMX bikers.3.1.18 specified surface, plane, or linesurface, plane, or line specified by the contract documents; specified planes and linesmay slope and specifi

25、ed surfaces may have curvature.3.1.19 tolerance(1) the permitted variation from a given dimension or quantity; (2) the range of variation permitted inmaintaining a specified dimension; and (3) A permitted variation from location or alignment.3.1.20 vertvertical part of the riding surface.3.1.21 vert

26、ical alignmentlocation relative to specified vertical plane or a specified vertical line or from a line or planereference to a vertical line or plane. When applied to battered walls, abutments, or other nearly vertical surfaces, vertical alignmentis defined as the horizontal location of the surface

27、relative to the specified profile.4. Materials4.1 GeneralAll materials used shall fulfill the sport-specific requirements for skatepark facilities.4.2 Steel ElementsAll exposed steel shall be inherently corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion resistant coating.4 Available from American C

28、oncrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F2480 1824.3 Concrete:4.3.1 All concrete should consider the following, whic

29、h is not necessarily all-inclusive: compressive strength, flexural strength,or both, and finishability; maximum size, grading, and type of coarse aggregate; grading and type of fine aggregate; combinedaggregate grading; air content of concrete, if applicable; slump of concrete; water-cement ratio or

30、 water-cementitious materialratio; and preplacement soaking requirement for lightweight aggregates; and should conform to but are not limited to therequirements of Specifications C33 and C94/C94M, Terminology C125, Specifications C150, C260, C494/C494M, C1116, C1141,C1436, C1480, C1582/C1582M, and A

31、CI 302.1R-04.4.3.2 Design details, site preparation, type of concrete and related materials should be provided by the designer of the concreteskatepark prior to bid documents and be applicable to the local environmental conditions. Design details should referencespecifications for concrete strength

32、characteristics, use of admixtures for freezing exposure, use of reinforcing steel, testing andinspection requirements. Concrete shall be manufactured to meet the specifications of the designer, method of concreteconstruction-ready-mix, precast or shotcrete concrete should comply with applicable spe

33、cifications.4.4 Steel ReinforcingSteel reinforcing should conform to but are not limited to the following specifications: deformed barsshould conform to the requirements of Specifications A615/A615M, A616/A616M, or A617/A617M. Bar mats conforming toSpecification A184/A184M can also be used. Welded w

34、ire reinforcing should conform to Specifications A185/A185M orA497/A497M.4.5 Synthetic FibersSynthetic fibers for use in concrete slabs should meet the requirements outlined in Specification C1116or ACI 302.1R-04-26.4.6 Other MaterialsUtilization of other materials is admissible.5. Physical Properti

35、es5.1 In general, physical properties outline characteristics best suited for skateboard, roller blade, and BMX activities.5.2 Concrete FinishThe concrete surface should provide a smooth and nonslip surface characteristic (see ACI 302.1R-04Class 9 Finish).5.3 Surface Flatness and LevelnessTolerances

36、 should conform to the requirements set forth in ACI 11790. A discussion ofconcrete flatness/levelness is given in the commentary to ACI 11790.5.3.1 Flatness and levelness requirements should be described in bid documents. Methods for defining flatness and levelnessshould be in accordance with ACI 1

37、1790 and Test Method E1155. The flatness values should control local surface bumpiness inaccordance with Test Method E1155. The levelness values should control local conformance to design grade (see Test MethodE1155).5.3.2 PrecautionsConcrete surface tolerance specification and measurement procedure

38、s should be pre-bid determined.Tolerances should be defined based on what can be reasonably expected from a given construction method. The concreteflatness/levelness constitutes a potential issue, the following precautions are suggested:5.3.2.1 The exact meaning of the flatness/levelness requirement

39、 and the exact method and time of measurement to determinecompliance should be established before beginning construction.5.3.2.2 The contractor or fabricator should confirm an ability to satisfy the concrete surface tolerance requirement by profilingprevious installations or specimens.5.3.2.3 Where

40、feasible, test slabs or specimens should be installed or supplied to verify the effectiveness of proposed fabricationprocedures under actual job conditions. If necessary, methods and procedures should then be modified for the actual job installationbased on these results. The acceptance of the test

41、slab or specimen by the owner as to tolerances and surface finish should clarifyrequirements for the project slab and becomes the project “Exemplar/Benchmark.”5.3.2.4 The exact remedy to be applied to every possible concrete surface tolerance deficiency should be confirmed with thedesigner.5.3.3 Lev

42、elness and flatness design in concrete skatepark construction should define acceptable tolerances for radii of curvedsurfaces, flatness values on a radius should be similar to those of a flat surface. This applies to all elevation change tolerances,banks, ledges, and so forth.5.4 Expansion Joints an

43、d Control Joints:5.4.1 Expansion joints should be placed where they are least likely to interfere with a wheel. Careful consideration to expansionjoints location must be given, using the flow of skaters as critical design criteria.5.4.2 Unfilled cut control joint must not exceed 18 of an inch.5.4.3

44、Filled Control JointSize of control joint is not important. It must be a rigid control joint filler, which must be flush withthe skating surface and close the joint completely.5.4.4 Tooled Control JointsJoints should be placed where they are least likely to interfere with skate wheels, and a cut con

45、troljoint is not possible.5.5 Consolidation and Compaction of Concrete Around Exposed Steel MaterialsThe placement of concrete on sloped radiior any areas incorporating a change in elevation is critical to the stability of the exposed steel material or concrete coping. TheF2480 183difficulty of achi

46、eving proper consolidation around the steel material and their reinforced attachments through the use of standardair removal consolidation techniques can lead to slumping and the creation of an air pocket around the steel material, which maynot be visible during construction and may result in concre

47、te failure on the riding surface. See Section 8.3 of ACI 302.1R-04 andACI 309R for detailed discussion.6. Other Requirements6.1 Protective Edging:6.1.1 If protective edging/surface is used, it shall be flush with the finished riding surface. It shall be strong enough to protectthe surface from damag

48、e and excessive wear due to prolonged use.6.1.2 When protective edging is used as protection against bike pegs, it shall extend a minimum of 4.0 in. behind the coping,and be flush with the riding surface.6.2 Coping shall protrude 0.25 6 0.125 in. above the resting deck and shall protrude 0.25 + 0.25

49、 in. or 0.125 in. above ridingsurfaces (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 The outside radius of coping shall be a minimum of 1.18 in. or 30 mm.6.3 Gaps or transitions between riding surfaces intended to be in the same plane shall not exceed 0.188 in. in any direction.7. Owners Responsibility7.1 SignageSkatepark signage shall be provided by the owner/operator for installation on a signboard at the skatepark.7.2 Skatepark signage, free standing or fixed fence, must comply with the following:7.2.1 Convey safety information to the user and to those prov