ASTM D5080-2000 Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Percent Compaction《百分比压缩的快速测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 5080 00Standard Test Method forRapid Determination of Percent Compaction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope *1.1 This test method describes the procedure for rapidlydetermining the percent compaction and the variation fromoptimum moisture content of a

3、n in-place soil for use incontrolling construction of compacted earth. These values areobtained by developing a three-point compaction curve at thesame moisture content as the in-place soil without knowing thevalue of the moisture content. The soil used for the compactioncurve is normally the same s

4、oil removed from the in-placedensity test. For the remainder of this designation, this testmethod will be referred to as the rapid method.1.2 This test method is normally performed for soils con-taining more than 15 % fines (minus No. 200 sieve size).1.3 When gravel-size particles are present in the

5、 soil beingtested, this test method is limited to a comparison of the minusNo. 4 sieve-size fraction of the in-place density material to alaboratory compaction test of minus No. 4 sieve-size material(Method A of Test Methods D 698). Subject to the limitationsof Practice D 4718, this test method is a

6、lso applicable tocomparisons of other sieve-size fractions (for example, MethodC of Test Methods D 698) or other compactive efforts (forexample, Test Methods D 1557) if new moisture adjustmentvalues are determined (see 6.1 and Appendix X2).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thes

7、tandard.1.4.1 The use of balances or scales recording pounds ofmass (lbm), or the recording of density in pounds of mass percubic foot (lbm/ft3) should not be regarded as nonconformancewith this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated w

8、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Re

9、lating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2D 698 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations ofSoils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 5.5-lb (2.49-kg)Rammer and 12-in. (305-mm) Drop2D 1556 Test Method for Density of Soil In-Place by theSand-Cone Method2D 1557 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relati

10、ons ofSoils and Soil Aggregate Mixtures Using 10-lb (4.54-kg)Rammer and 18-in. (457-mm) Drop2D 2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of SoilIn-Place by the Rubber Balloon Method2D 2216 Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil, Rock, and Soil-AggregateMixtures2D 2

11、922 Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-AggregateIn-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)2D 2937 Test Method for Density of Soil In Place By theDrive-Cylinder Method2D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engin

12、eering Design and Construction2D 4718 Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and WaterContent for Soils Containing Oversize Particles2E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsExcept as follows in 3.2, all definitions arein accordance with Terminolog

13、y D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 added water, zamount of water, expressed as apercentage, which is added to wet soil before compacting aspecimen in the rapid method. If the moisture content of thewet soil is decreased, the amount of “added water” is anegative number (

14、for example, 2.0 %).3.2.2 C valueratio, expressed as a percentage, of in-placewet density at field moisture content to the wet density of alaboratory compacted specimen prepared at field moisturecontent. The C value is a comparison of compactive effort offield compaction equipment to standard labora

15、tory compactiveeffort.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soiland Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originallypublished as D 5080 90. L

16、ast previous edition D 5080 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 compaction curve at field

17、 moisture content plotshowing the relationship between wet density at field moisturecontent (converted wet density) and the percent of “addedwater.”3.2.4 converted wet density, rwetcwet density of a com-pacted specimen after being converted (by correcting for theamount of “added water”) to the wet d

18、ensity at field moisturecontent.3.2.5 D valueratio, expressed as a percentage, of in-placewet density at field moisture content to laboratory maximumwet density as determined from a compaction curve developedat field moisture content as determined by the rapid method.The D value is the rapid method

19、equivalent of percentcompaction.3.2.6 field moisture content, wfmoisture content of theminus No. 4 fraction of in-place soil.3.2.7 field wet density, rwetfwet density as determinedfrom an in-place density test.3.2.8 maximum wet density at field moisture content, rmwet density defined by the peak of

20、the laboratory compac-tion curve at field moisture content.3.2.9 wf woexpression for the difference between thein-place moisture content and the optimum moisture content asdetermined by the rapid method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of soil is obtained in conjunc-tion with per

21、forming Test Method D 1556, D 2167, D 2922, orD 2937. Soil specimens are compacted in accordance withMethod A of Test Methods D 698. At least three specimens arecompacted, the first at field (in-place) moisture content, andeach of the remaining at different moisture contents. A para-bolic curve is a

22、ssumed as defined by the three compactionpoints, and the peak point of the curve is determined math-ematically. The ratio of in-place wet density at field moisturecontent to laboratory maximum wet density is determined. Anapproximation of the difference between optimum moisturecontent and field mois

23、ture content is determined. After theactual field moisture content is determined by ovendrying(usually the next day), the dry densities, unit weights, andoptimum moisture content are calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 The rapid method is performed to quickly evaluatepercent compaction and variati

24、on from optimum moisturecontent of soils used in construction without knowing the valueof field moisture content at the time of the test.5.1.1 Test results are usually determined within 1 to 2 hfrom the start of the test.5.1.2 The value of percent compaction obtained using therapid method will be th

25、e same as the percent compactioncalculated using dry density values.5.1.3 The value of the difference between field moisturecontent and optimum moisture content will be approximate,but will be within6 0.1 to 0.2 percentage point of thedifference calculated once the field moisture content is known.5.

26、2 Test results may be used to determine if the compactedmaterial meets density and moisture control values that arespecified as a percentage of a standard maximum density andoptimum moisture content such as determined in Method A ofTest Methods D 698. A three-point compaction curve is used inplace o

27、f the four- or five-point curve required in Test MethodsD 698.5.3 This test method is based on the assumption that athree-point compaction curve is a parabola at the section of thecurve close to optimum moisture content so that the peak pointof the curve can be determined mathematically. This assump

28、-tion results in the major difference between this test methodand obtaining the maximum density and optimum moisturecontent from a full five-point compaction curve.5.4 Once the field ovendry moisture content has beendetermined, the values of dry density, dry unit weight, andoptimum moisture content

29、can be calculated (see Note 1).5.5 This test method can also be used for foundation orborrow area material to compare in-place dry density and unitweight and moisture content to laboratory maximum drydensity and unit weight and optimum moisture content.5.6 This test method has the advantage that the

30、 maximumdensity value can be obtained on the same soil excavatedduring the in-place density test.NOTE 1Since there is no need to immediately determine the moisturecontents of material from the in-place density test or the laboratorycompaction points, use of rapid moisture content determinations such

31、 asmicrowave, direct heat, nuclear, etc., is not needed. However, if desired,the percent compaction and variation from optimum moisture content maybe determined using dry density values based on rapid moisture contenttest methods. Using three compaction points and determining the maxi-mum density ma

32、thematically would still apply. However, the rapidmoisture content methods may give results that differ from the acceptedoven-dried moisture content values and will lengthen the time of perform-ing this test method.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this test method isdependent on the compe

33、tence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection. Users of this test method arecautioned that compliance with Practic

34、e D 3740 does not in itself assurereliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.6. Interferences6.1 The moisture adjustment values were determined basedon average density and optimum moisture content values of alarge

35、number of soil samples containing only minus No. 4.sieve-size particles. The soil being tested should be comparedwith the information in Appendix X2. For soils having prop-erties significantly different, the moisture adjustment valuesmay not be applicable. If this is the case, new adjustmentvalues m

36、ust be determined for the specific soil (see AppendixX2).6.2 For samples significantly dry or wet of their optimummoisture content ( + 6.0 %, 4.0 %), the values wfwoareless accurate.7. Apparatus7.1 Equipment for determining the in-place density asrequired by this test method used.7.2 Equipment for p

37、reparing laboratory compaction speci-mens as required for Method A of Test Methods D 698.D 508027.3 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL capacity, graduated to 1mL.7.4 Mixer, electric, bench, 3-speed,13-hp, 60-cycle, 115-Vmotor or other appropriate device for mixing the soil withwater.7.5 Electric Fan, or oth

38、er drying device.7.6 Sieve, a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve conforming to therequirements of Specification E 11.7.7 Miscellaneous EquipmentBrushes, knife, mixingpans, scoop, etc., for mixing or trimming soil specimens;bucket with lid or other suitable container for retaining the testsample.8. Reagents and M

39、aterials8.1 Tapwater that is free of acids, alkalies, and oils and isgenerally suitable for drinking should be used for wetting thesoil prior to compaction.9. Hazards9.1 Safety HazardsWhile there are no safety hazardsspecific to this test method, there are safety precautions in thereferenced test de

40、signations that are applicable.9.2 Technical HazardsThe test specimens should be pre-pared and compacted as quickly as possible to minimizemoisture loss. If the test is not performed immediately, storethe sample in a moisture-proof container to prevent the loss ofmoisture. A determination of the moi

41、sture content before andafter storage is recommended.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Verify that equipment used in conjunction with thisprocedure is currently calibrated in accordance with the appli-cable procedure. If the calibration is not current, perform thecalibration before using the e

42、quipment for this procedure.11. Procedure11.1 The procedure for performing this test method isdivided into four sections as follows:11.1.1 Obtain in-place density,11.1.2 Compact specimens and obtain compaction curve,11.1.3 Determine maximum point from compaction curve,D value, and wf wo, and11.1.4 C

43、omplete test for record.NOTE 3Since the calculations are an integral part of the procedure,the calculations are included in the sections on procedure.OBTAIN IN-PLACE DENSITY11.2 Perform the test for determining in-place wet density inaccordance with Test Method D 1556, D 2167, D 2922, orD 2937. If t

44、he soil being tested contains gravel, determine thein-place wet density of the minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve sizefraction of the soil in accordance with Practice D 4718.11.3 The soil used to determine the compaction curve is thematerial excavated during the in-place density test. While aminimum soil s

45、ample of 7 kg of minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) sievesize material is required for this test, a sample size of at least12 kg is recommended. The actual sample amount will dependon the percent of plus No. 4 sieve-size particles present and ifthe soil is very wet or dry of optimum moisture content.11.3.1 If th

46、e in-place density is obtained using Test MethodD 2922 (nuclear method), a representative sample of the soilbeing tested must be obtained.11.3.2 If sufficient material is not obtained from the in-placedensity test excavation, obtain additional soil from around theexcavation. The additional material

47、must be representative ofthe soil tested for in-place density.11.3.2.1 If the in-place density test is to represent the fulldepth of a compacted lift, obtain any additional material onlyfrom the compacted lift being tested.11.3.2.2 If the excavation for the in-place density test hasbeen contaminated

48、 with sand or has been wetted (as from thesand-cone or water replacement methods), the additional ma-terial must be obtained by excavating nonaffected soil as closeas practical to the original excavation.11.4 Pass the soil obtained from the in-place density testthrough a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.11.5 T

49、horoughly mix the material passing the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve to ensure an even distribution of moisture through-out the soil. The mixing should be performed as quickly aspractical to prevent moisture loss.11.6 Determine the moisture content of a representativespecimen in accordance with Method D 2216.11.7 Keep the minus No. 4 material in a moisture-proofcontainer to prevent moisture loss.COMPACT SPECIMENS AND OBTAIN COMPACTIONCURVE11.8 Compact a specimen of the minus No. 4 material atfield moisture content in accordance with Method A of TestMethods D 698 and cal