AWWA 20740-2011 Overview of Environmental Laws and Regulations Navigating the Green Maze.pdf
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1、 Overview of Environmental Laws and RegulationsThe Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterJoseph J. Bernosky, P.E.Navigating the Green Maze20740 (2/15) IWAWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information, and advocacy to improve the quality and supply of water in North America and beyond. A
2、WWA is the largest organization of water professionals in the world, advancing public health, safety, and welfare by uniting the efforts of the full spectrum of the water community. Through our collective strength, we become better stewards of water for the greatest good of people and the environmen
3、t. Overview of Environmental Laws and Regulations: Navigating the Green Maze is an easy-to-understand introduction to the complex maze of environmental laws that directly affect water and wastewater utilities. Covering the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act, and others, this readable guide
4、 is ideal for students, water operators, engineers, and public officials. Rather than delve into the specific requirements of individual regulations, this book addresses the scope and nature of regulations that affect utilities, a brief history of environmental regula-tions, environmental advocacy a
5、nd public participation, stakeholders roles and relationships to each other, and future regulatory trends.Overview of Environmental Laws and Regulations: Navigating the Green MazeOverview of Environmental Laws and RegulationsNavigating the Green MazeOverview of Environmental Laws and RegulationsNavi
6、gating the Green MazeJoseph J. Bernosky, P.E.Overview of Environmental Laws and Regulations: Navigating the Green MazeFirst EditionCopyright 2011 American Water Works AssociationAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
7、or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validi
8、ty of the content or any consequences of its use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, includ-ing, but not limited t
9、o, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book.Authors Note: The opinions expressed in this book are the authors own and do not reflect the policies, practices, or opinions of the American Water Works Association,
10、 its members, other professional associations, or the authors employer, Board of Directors, or staff. Comments and criticisms should be addressed to the author alone.AWWA Publications Manager: Gay Porter De NileonProject Manager/Technical Editor: Martha Ripley GrayCover Art: Jan R. Bailey and Daniel
11、 E. FeldmanProduction: PerfecType, Nashville, TNLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBernosky, Joseph J.Overview of environmental laws and regulations: navigating the green maze / Joseph J. Bernosky. 1st ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-58321-815-01. Wat
12、erLaw and legislationUnited States. 2. Sewage disposalLaw and legislationUnited States. 3. WaterPollutionLaw and legislationUnited States. 4. Environmental lawUnited States. I. Title. KF5569.B47 2010344.73046343dc222010041177Printed in the United States of America6666 West Quincy AvenueDenver, CO 80
13、235-3098303.794.7711www.awwa.orgvCONTENTSPREFACE ixAbout the Author x1 INTRODUCTION 1A Highly Regulated Society . . . 1. . . And an Even More Highly Regulated Industry 32 THE GREEN MAZE 5The Green Maze: What Is It? 5Regulatory Structure 6Not Getting Lost in the Green Maze 113 STAKEHOLDERS 13Elected
14、Officials 14Regulators 16The Utility 17Customers (General Public) 17Customers (Business, Industrial, Agricultural) 18Media 18Activists 19A Special Stakeholderthe Environmental Protection Agency 204 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS 23Before the Modern Environmental Movement 26The 1960s an
15、d 1970s 265 THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 29Preludes to the SDWA 31The 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act 326 THE CLEAN WATER ACT 41The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 43The National Pretreatment Program 46Water Quality Standards, the 303(d) Program, and TMDLs 47Stormwater Regulations 48Nonp
16、oint Sources 51Regulatory Intersection of the CWA and the SDWA 537 THE CLEAN AIR ACT 55Risk Management Plans 59Utilities and the Clean Air Act 598 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS 61History of Hazardous Waste Regulations and RCRA 63Hazardous Materials Management and Right-to-Know
17、Regulations 64Water/Wastewater Utilities and Hazardous Waste 669 RECYCLED WATER 67What Recycled Water Is 68Recycled Water Uses 69Federal Recycled Water Regulations 70Indirect Potable Reuse 71Graywater 7310 OTHER LAWS AND REGULATIONS 75The Endangered Species Act (a.k.a. Bugs and Bunnies) 76Global War
18、ming 79Water Supply Availability Requirements 83Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act 8611 STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS 87The Federal/State Regulatory Nexus 87State Regulatory Structures 9112 WATER LAW 95Riparian Rights 96Prior Appropriation (a.k.a. “First in Time, First in Right”) 97Interst
19、ate and International Water Compacts and Agreements 9813 WATER AND WASTEWATER UTILITIES ORDINANCES 10114 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND THE PUBLIC 105Public Participation 105Public Communication 107Risk Communication 110Environmental Advocacy 11215 THE ROLE OF LABORATORIES 117Laboratory and Custody P
20、rotocols 119The Vanishing Zero 12016 MORE MAZES: TOMORROWS REGULATIONS 125Emerging Contaminants 129INTERNET RESOURCES 135REFERENCES 137ADDITIONAL READING 141INDEX 143ixPREFACEThis book originated with a class I taught as an adjunct instructor at Mount San Jacinto College, Calif. (http:/www.msjc.edu/
21、), during fall 2009. The class, WATR 130 Environmental Laws and Regulations, is an elective course within the colleges Water Technology program. Water Technology is a certificate/Associate of Science program intended to pre-pare students for a variety of careers in water and wastewater operations. I
22、ts a great program and a great introduction to this important field.And thats what this book isan introduction. Its aimed at a vari-ety of audiences: the fresh-out-of-college civil engineer who knows about reinforced concrete, the Hazen-Williams equation, and what a hydraulic grade line is, but whos
23、 never heard of the Safe Drinking Water Act. How about the bright young person whos just been promoted to a first-line supervisor in a wastewater utilitys operations department? She knows the intricacies of the treatment plant, but not how the Clean Water Act is going to affect her professional life
24、 from now on. Or consider the sea-soned legislative professional who knows the ins and outs of the political process, but very little about the regulatory world of water and wastewater utilities. This books for him, too. Its a simple (and perhaps slightly humorous) introduction to a very complex and
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