ASTM E662-2006 Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials《由固体材料产生的烟雾的特定光密度标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 662 06An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSpecific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by SolidMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This fire-te
3、st-response standard covers determination ofthe specific optical density of smoke generated by solidmaterials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position inthicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beamby smoke (suspended solid or liqui
4、d particles) accumulatingwithin a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decom-position and flaming combustion.1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical densitywhich is derived from a geometrical factor and the measuredoptical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentra-t
5、ion of smoke.1.4 This test method is intended for use in research anddevelopment and not as a basis for ratings for regulatorypurposes.1.5 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incor
6、porate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
7、tablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. Values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2843 Tes
8、t Method for Density of Smoke from the Burn-ing or Decomposition of PlasticsE 176 Terminology of Fire Standards3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod refer to Terminology E 176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method employs an electrically heated radian
9、t-energy source mounted within an insulated ceramic tube andpositioned so as to produce an irradiance level of 2.2 Btu/sft2(2.5 W/cm2) averaged over the central 1.5-in. (38.1-mm)diameter area of a vertically mounted specimen facing theradiant heater. The nominal 3 by 3-in. (76.2 by 76.2-mm)specimen
10、is mounted within a holder which exposes an areameasuring 2916 by 2916 in. (65.1 by 65.1 mm). The holder isable to accommodate specimens up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick.This exposure provides the nonflaming condition of the test.4.2 For the flaming condition, a six-tube burner is used toapply a row of e
11、quidistant flamelets across the lower edge ofthe exposed specimen area and into the specimen holdertrough. This application of flame in addition to the specifiedirradiance level from the heating element constitutes theflaming combustion exposure.4.3 The test specimens are exposed to the flaming andn
12、onflaming conditions within a closed chamber. A photometricsystem with a vertical light path is used to measure the varyinglight transmission as smoke accumulates. The light transmit-tance measurements are used to calculate specific opticaldensity of the smoke generated during the time period to rea
13、chthe maximum value.35. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for determining thespecific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens ofmaterials and assemblies under the specified exposure condi-tions. Values determined by this test are specific to thespecimen or assembl
14、y in the form and thickness tested and are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke andCombustion Products.Current edition approved July 15, 2006. Published August 2006. Originallyapproved in 19
15、79. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 662 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Addit
16、ional parameters, such as the maximum rate of smoke accumulation, timeto a fixed optical density level, or a smoke obscuration index provide potentiallyuseful information. See Appendix X1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
17、es.not to be considered inherent fundamental properties of thematerial tested. Thus, it is likely that closely repeatable orreproducible experimental results are not to be expected fromtests of a given material when specimen thickness, density, orother variables are involved.5.2 The photometric scal
18、e used to measure smoke by thistest method is similar to the optical density scale for humanvision. However, physiological aspects associated with visionare not measured by this test method. Correlation with mea-surements by other test methods has not been established.45.3 At the present time no bas
19、is is provided for predictingthe density of smoke generated by the materials upon exposureto heat and flame under other fire conditions.5.4 The test method is of a complex nature and the dataobtained are sensitive to variations which in other test methodsmight be considered to be insignificant (see
20、Section 6). Aprecision statement based on the results of a roundrobin test bya prior draft version of this test method is given in 14.15.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-
21、use conditions arechanged, it is not always possible by or from this test methodto predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristicsmeasured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire testexposure conditions described in this procedure.6. Limitations6.1 If during the test of one or
22、more of the three replicatesamples there occurs such unusual behavior as (1) the speci-men falling out of the holder, (2) melted material overflowingthe sample holder trough, (3) self-ignition in the pyrolysismode, (4) extinguishment of the flame tiplets (even for a shortperiod of time), or (5) a sp
23、ecimen being displaced from thezone of controlled irradiance, then an additional three samplesof the identical preconditioned materials shall be tested in thetest mode in which the unusual behavior occurred. Dataobtained from the improper tests noted above shall not beincorporated in the averaged da
24、ta but the occurrence shall bereported. The test method is not suitable if more than three ofthe six replicates tested show these characteristics.6.2 The test method has proven sensitive to small variationsin sample geometry, surface orientation, thickness (eitheroverall or individual layer), weight
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