ASTM D6773-2016 8511 Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester《利用舒尔茨环剪切试验机对堆积固体的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D6773-2016 8511 Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester《利用舒尔茨环剪切试验机对堆积固体的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D6773-2016 8511 Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester《利用舒尔茨环剪切试验机对堆积固体的标准试验方法》.pdf(27页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D6773 16Standard Test Method forBulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6773; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and proceduresfor measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solidsduring both continuous flow an
3、d after storage at rest. Inaddition, measurements of internal friction, bulk density, andwall friction on various wall surfaces are included.1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-controlled Schulze Ring Shear Tester.An automated version ofthis tester is also available. Its method of
4、testing bulk solids issimilar in principle to that described in this test method.1.3 The most common use of this information is in thedesign of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppagesdue to arching and ratholing, including the slope and smooth-ness of hopper walls to provide mass flow. Pa
5、rameters forstructural design of such equipment may also be derived fromthis data. Another application is the measurement of theflowability of bulk solids, for example, for comparison ofdifferent products or optimization.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for signi
6、ficant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce
7、-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives: and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the sc
8、opeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measure are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
9、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Cont
10、ainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting,
11、and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6128 Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Usingthe Jenike Shear Cell3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of tech
12、nical termsin this standard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative specimen of bulk solid is placed in ashear cell of specific dimensions.4.2 When running an instantaneous or time shear test, anormal load is applied to the cover, and the specimen ispresheared until
13、a steady state shear value has been reached.The shear stress is then immediately reduced to zero.4.3 An instantaneous test is run by shearing the specimenunder a reduced normal load until the shear force goes througha maximum value and then begins to decrease.1This test method is under the jurisdict
14、ion ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterizationand Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6773 08. DOI
15、:10.1520/D6773-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
16、e end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.4 A time shear test is run similarly to an instantaneousshear test, except that the specimen is placed in a consolidationbench for the specified time between the
17、preshear and shearsteps.4.5 A wall friction test is run by sliding the specimen overa coupon of wall material and measuring the frictional resis-tance as a function of normal, compressive load.4.6 A wall friction time test involves sliding the specimenover the coupon of wall material, stopping and l
18、eaving the loadon the specimen for a predetermined period, and then sliding itagain to see if the shearing force has changed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Reliable, controlled flow of bulk solids from bins andhoppers is essential in almost every industrial facility.Unfortunately, flow stoppages due to
19、arching and ratholing arecommon. Additional problems include uncontrolled flow(flooding) of powders, segregation of particle mixtures, usablecapacity which is significantly less than design capacity, cakingand spoilage of bulk solids in stagnant zones, and structuralfailures.5.2 By measuring the flo
20、w properties of bulk solids, anddesigning bins and hoppers based on these flow properties,most flow problems can be prevented or eliminated (1).35.3 For bulk solids with a significant percentage of particles(typically, one third or more) finer than about 6 mm (14 in.), theunconfined yield strength i
21、s governed by the fines (6 mmfraction). For such bulk solids, strength and wall friction testsmay be performed on the fine fraction only.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilit
22、ies used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many fa
23、ctors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 wasdeveloped for agencies engaged in the testing or inspection (or both) ofsoil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performingthis standard. However, users of this standard should recogni
24、ze that theframework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality ofan agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known quali-fying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.6. Apparatus6.1 The Schulze Ring Shear Tester (Figs. 1-6) is composedof
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