ASTM D3763-2018 Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors.pdf

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1、Designation: D3763 15D3763 18Standard Test Method forHigh Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load andDisplacement Sensors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of rigid plastics over a range of

3、 test velocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of th

4、e safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 6603.2 address

5、the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. The technical content and results shall not becompared between the two test methods.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 6603-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. The technical content and results shall not becompared be

6、tween the two test methods.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organizati

7、on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsE6

8、91 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6603.2ISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermination of Multi-axial Impact Behavior of Rigid Plastics Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTest3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions see Terminology D

9、883 and for abbreviations see Terminology D1600.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastics under essentially multi-axialdeformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivit

10、y of the material toimpact.4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation withspecimen thickness. Therefore, results should be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specificresponses versus thicknes

11、s formulae have been established for the material.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2018. Published September 2015November 2018.

12、 Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20142015as D3763 14.D3763 15. DOI: 10.1520/D3763-15.10.1520/D3763-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inform

13、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard

14、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is

15、to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this

16、 test method, but with some proceduralmodifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards thatcurrently exist.

17、5. Interferences5.1 Inertial EffectsA loading function encountered when performing an instrumented impact test that may, in some cases,confuse the interpretation of the test data. For further definition and examples of inertial effects, refer to Appendix X1.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing machine shall

18、consist of two assemblies, one fixed and the other driven by a suitable method to achieve therequired impact velocity (that is, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, or gravity):6.1.1 Clamp Assembly, consisting of two parallel rigid plates with a 76.0 6 3.0 mm diameter hole in the center of each. Thehol

19、e edges shall be rounded to a radius of 0.8 6 0.4 mm. Sufficient force must be applied (mechanically, pneumatically, orhydraulically) to prevent slippage of the specimen in the clamp during impact.6.1.2 Plunger Assembly, consisting of a 12.70 6 0.13 mm diameter steel rod with a hemispherical end of

20、the same diameterpositioned perpendicular to, and centered on, the clamp hole.6.1.3 Other GeometriesThe dimensions given in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 shall be the standard geometry. If other plunger or hole sizesare used they shall be highlighted in the report. Correlations between various geometries have not

21、 been established.6.1.4 Load Sensing SystemA load cell of sufficiently high natural resonance frequency, as described in A1.1, used togetherwith a calibrating network for adjusting load sensitivity.6.1.5 Plunger Displacement Measurement SystemAmeans of monitoring the displacement of the moving assem

22、bly during theloading and complete penetration of the specimen. This can be accomplished through the use of a suitable transducer orpotentiometer attached directly to the system. Photographic or optical systems can also be utilized for measuring displacement.6.1.5.1 Alternatively, displacement may b

23、e calculated as a function of velocity and total available energy at initial impact, alongwith increments of load versus time, using a microprocessor.6.1.5.2 Some machines use an accelerometer, whose output is used to calculate both load and displacement.6.1.6 Display and Recording InstrumentationUs

24、e any suitable means to display and record the data developed from the loadand displacement-sensing systems, provided its response characteristics are capable of presenting the data sensed, with minimaldistortion. The recording apparatus shall record load and displacement simultaneously. For further

25、 information, see A1.2.6.1.6.1 The most rudimentary apparatus is a cathode-ray oscilloscope with a camera. This approach also requires a planimeteror other suitable device, capable of measuring the area under the recorded load-versus-displacement trace of the event with anaccuracy of 65 %.6.1.6.2 Mo

26、re sophisticated systems are commercially available. Most of them include computerized data reduction andautomatic printouts of results.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specimens must be large enough to be adequately gripped in the clamp. In general, the minimum lateral dimension shouldbe at least 13 mm greater

27、than the diameter of the hole in the clamp (see 6.1.1 and 10.9).7.2 Specimens may be cut from injection-molded, extruded, or compression molded sheet; or they may be cast or molded tosize.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in accordance with ProcedureAin Practice D618 unless

28、 otherwise specified bycontract or the relevant ASTM material specification. Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accordance with Section 7of Practice D618, unless otherwise specified by contract or relevant ASTM material specification.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests at the same temperat

29、ure and humidity used for conditioning with tolerances in accordancewith Section 7 of Practice D618, unless otherwise specified by contract or relevant ASTM material specification.8.2.1 By changing the conditioning and test temperature in a controlled manner for a given test velocity, the temperatur

30、e atwhich transition from ductile to brittle failure occurs can be determined for most plastics.NOTE 2To facilitate high throughput during automated testing at temperatures other than ambient, it is often necessary to stack the specimens in acolumn with no airflow in between. To assure compliance wi

31、th Section 10 of Practice D618, the time to equilibrium must be determined for a givenmaterial. A thermocouple may be placed at the center of a specimen stack in which its height is equal to its minimum width. Determine the time to reachequilibrium at the desired test temperature. Experiments with m

32、aterials having low thermal conductivity values have shown that more than 7.5 h of soaktime was required before the stack center temperature fell within the tolerances specified in D618 at a setpoint of -40C. Two and a half additional hourswere needed to reach equilibrium. The opposite extreme was s

33、een in a material of higher thermal conductivity that only required 2 h to reach equilibriumat -40C.NOTE 3The impact behavior of some materials (for example, polypropylene, polyethylene), at sub-ambient temperatures, can be affected by the delayD3763 182or “transit” time4 after the specimen is remov

34、ed from a remote environmental conditioning/freezer chamber. The transit time is defined as the total timefrom the removal of the specimen from the conditioning environment until the specimen is impacted.9. Speed of Testing9.1 For recommended testing speeds see 10.4.10. Procedure10.1 Test a minimum

35、of five specimens at each specified speed.10.2 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0.025 mm at the center of the specimen. In the case ofinjection molded specimens, it is sufficient to measure and record thickness for one specimen when it has been previouslydemonstrated

36、that the thickness does not vary by more than 5 %.10.3 Clamp the specimen between the plates of the specimen holder, taking care to center the specimen for uniform gripping.Tighten the clamping plate in such a way as to provide uniform clamping pressure to prevent slippage during testing.10.4 Set th

37、e test speed to the desired value. The testing speed (movable-member velocity at the instant before contact with thespecimen) shall be as follows:10.4.1 For single-speed tests, use a velocity of 200 m/min.10.4.1.1 Other speeds may be used, provided they are clearly stated in the report.10.4.2 To mea

38、sure the dependence of puncture properties on impact velocity, use a broad range of test speeds. Some suggestedspeeds are 2.5, 25, 125, 200, and 250 m/min.10.5 Set the available energy so that the velocity slowdown is no more than 20 % from the beginning of the test to the pointof peak load. If the

39、velocity should decrease by more than 20 %, discard the results and make additional tests on new specimenswith more available energy.NOTE 4It is observed that when the available energy is at least three times the absorbed energy at the peak load velocity slow-down is less than 20 %.10.6 Place a safe

40、ty shield around the specimen holder.10.7 Make the necessary adjustments to data collection apparatus as required by the manufacturers instructions or consultliterature such as STP 9365 for further information regarding setting up data acquisition systems.10.8 Conduct the test, following the manufac

41、turers instructions for the specific equipment used.10.9 Remove the specimen and inspect the gripped portion for striations or other evidence of slippage. If there is evidence ofslippage, modify the clamping conditions or increase the specimen size and repeat test procedures.11. Calculation11.1 Usin

42、g the load-versus-displacement trace and appropriate scaling factors, calculate the following:11.1.1 Peak load, in newtons.11.1.2 Deflection, in millimetres, to the point where peak load first occurred.11.1.3 From the area within the trace, calculate:11.1.3.1 Energy, in joules, to the point where lo

43、ad first occurred.11.1.3.2 Puncture energy absorbed. Calculated at a corresponding point equal to a 50 % drop from the maximum load.Therefore, the point used for each test must be stated in the report.11.1.4 Load, deflection, energy, or combination thereof, at any other specific point of interest (s

44、ee Appendix X1).11.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic mean for each of the above, to three significant figures.11.3 Calculate the estimated standard deviations as follows:S 5SX22nX2n 21 D1/2(1)where:S = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single determination,n = number of

45、determinations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of determinations.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:4 Transit Time: Reference from ISO document 6603-1-clause 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.5 Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials, ASTM STP 936, ASTM, 1986.D3763 18312.1.1 Co

46、mplete identification of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code number, form and previoushistory,12.1.2 Specimen size and thickness,12.1.3 Method of preparing test specimens (compression molding, casting, etc.),12.1.4 Geometry of clamp and plunger, if different from 6.1.1 an

47、d 6.1.2,12.1.5 Source and types of equipment,12.1.6 Speed of testing (see 10.4),12.1.7 The point on the curve at which puncture energy was calculated (see 11.1.3.2),12.1.8 Average value and standard deviation for each of the properties listed in 11.1,12.1.9 Whether or not any slippage of the specime

48、ns was detected, and12.1.10 If the effect of testing speeds was studied (see 10.4.2).13. Precision and Bias613.1 Tables 1-3 are based on a round robin conducted in 1996 in accordance with Practice E691, involving 7 materials testedby 11 laboratories. For each material, all of the specimens were prep

49、ared at the laboratory of the company volunteering thatmaterial for the round robin. Ten specimens from each material were sent to each participating laboratory. Each test result was theaverage of 5 individual determinations. Each laboratory obtained 2 test results for each material. (WarningThe explanations ofr and R (13.2 13.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method.The data in Tables 1-3 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection of materials, as these data only apply to th