ASTM F606M-2007e1 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers and Rivets [Metric].pdf

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1、Designation: F 606M 071Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and Rivets(Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal

2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defens

3、e.1NOTETable references were editorially corrected in August 2009.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofmetric externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers,and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the ap

4、plicable tests for theirdetermination are specified in individual product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product shallspecify the controlling testing requirements.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical test

5、s for deter-mining the following properties:Tests SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Axial Tension Testing of Full Size Products 3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Ful

6、l Size Products 3.5Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6Total Extension at Fracture Test 3.7For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washers 5.2Carburize

7、d Washers 5.3For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic Coated Externally ThreadedFasteners 7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 8Test Method for Measuring Compression Loads (All Finishes)on Direct Tension Indicators Covered by Test Method F 959M An

8、nex A11.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of all of the users of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE

9、1These test methods are the metric companion of Test MethodsF 606.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-rials Metric3E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test M

10、ethods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsF 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)F

11、606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 959M Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Di-rect Tension Indicators for Use With Structural Fasteners(Metric)F 1624 Test Method for Measu

12、rement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF 2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization and1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 onTest Methods

13、.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 606M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard

14、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Carb

15、urization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and Studs (Metric)3. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shall be within the hardness va

16、lues listedin the product specification. The average of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product specification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen preparation and hardness tes

17、ts shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Method E18 for Rockwelltests, Test Method E10for Brinell tests, Test Method E92forVickers tests, or Test Method E 384 for Microhardness tests.The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, withregards to the size and grade of the products.3.1.1 R

18、outine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts, test shall be con-ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.1.1.2 For studs, products wit

19、hout parallel wrench flats,and for head styles other than hex and square, tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration location.3.1.1.3 Stress-relieved products (see 3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section

20、.Refer to the product specification for particular test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell hardness scale may be used for allproduct diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 30 mm nominal diameter.3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionAfter observing 3.1 and

21、3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on eachsample of finished product.3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse section through the threa

22、ds taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken approximately90 to one another on the same plane, if product size permits.Smaller diameter products may also use the opposite parallelsurface area of the bolt head e

23、nd as sectioned above (see Fig.1). The use of Brinell hardness is limited to product sizesgreater than 48 mm nominal diameter.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that fasteners and studs betested full size, and it is customary, when so testing to specifya minimum ultimate load in kilonewtons (or stress

24、 in mega-pascals). Sections 3.2 through 3.5 apply when testing exter-nally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shall apply wherethe individual product specifications permit the use of ma-chined specimens (see Test Methods E8M).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe produc

25、t with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternatives thatdetermine the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-load test arethe yield strength test and the uniform hardness test. Any ofthese tests may be used, but the proof-load test ( 3.2.3) shall be

26、the arbitration method in case of any dispute (see Test MethodsE8M).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thefixture of the tension testing machined so that six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall bebased on four threads) are exposed between the grips

27、. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixfull turns. For continuous threaded fasteners, at least six fullthreads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Test Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure con-sistent and repetitive length m

28、easurements of the fastener, thethreaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conicaldepressions made at the approximate axis or center line of thefastener. If raised or depressed markings on the head interferewith the placement of the measuring depressions, the headshall be carefully ground. The

29、 measuring instrument shall havepointed anvils that mate with the center line depressions and becapable of measuring changes in length of 0.0025 mm with anaccuracy of 0.0025 mm in any 0.025 mm range. Place theFIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test LocationF606M0712fastener between the measuring anvils and

30、 rotate it approxi-mately14 turn to the left center, right then center again toassure sound seating. Zero the instrument or record indicatedmeasurement. If using a bolt extensometer, the bolt withattached extensometer may be assembled into the tensiontesting machine. If not, mark the fastener so it

31、may be placedas close as possible to the same position for the second reading.Remove and assemble the fastener into the tension testingmachine as outlined in 3.4. With a test speed which shall notexceed 3 mm/min, as determined with a free-running crosshead, axially load the fastener to the proof loa

32、d value specifiedin the product specification. This load shall be maintained fora period of 10 s before releasing the load. Replace the fastenerbetween the measuring anvils and rotate as before, stoppingwith the mark at the same approximate position as the firstreading. The measurement shall show no

33、 permanent elonga-tion. A tolerance of 60.013 mm shall be allowed (for mea-surement error only) between the measurement made beforeloading and that made after loading. Variables such as straight-ness, thread alignment, or measurement error could result inapparent elongation of the product when the s

34、pecified proofload is initially applied. In such cases, the product may beretested using a 3 % greater load, and shall be consideredacceptable if there is no difference in the length measurementafter this loading within a 0.013-mm measurement tolerance asoutlined.3.2.3.1 Proof Load-Speed and Time of

35、 LoadingWhenusing Method 1, the speed of testing, as determined with afree-running cross head, shall not exceed 3 mm/min, and theproof load shall be maintained for a period of 10 s beforereleasing the load.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.

36、As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product or anypart of it that includes the exposed threads to produce aload-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of fastener occupied by sixfull threads as shown in Fig. 2, (exc

37、ept for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Austenitic StainlessSteel and Nonferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and recor

38、d the total elongation of the product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load orstress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain, based on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load, by using the method de-scribed in

39、3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness shall also be determined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not morethan three points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings

40、must be within product specification.NOTE 2This test is valid for fasteners up to and including 25 mm indiameter.3.3 Fasteners and Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProduct lengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product 5through 20 mm in diameter and less than 3 diameters in lengthfor product

41、 greater than 20 mm in diameter, or that do not havesufficient threads for proper engagement, and still leave thespecified number of complete threads exposed between thegrips, shall be deemed too short for tension testing, andacceptance shall be based on a hardness test performed inaccordance with 3

42、.1. If tests other than product hardness arerequired, their requirements should be referenced in the prod-uct specification.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full Size Products:3.4.1 Test fasteners in a holder with a load axially appliedbetween the head and a nut or suitable fixture (see Fig. 2),either o

43、f which shall have sufficient thread engagement todevelop the full strength of the product. Assemble the nut orFIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Fastener (Typical Set-Up)F606M0713fixture on the product, leaving six complete fastener threadsexposed between the grips (except for heavy hex structural

44、fastener, which shall have four threads exposed between grips).3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end of the threadedfixture to the thread runout. For studs having unlike threads,this shall be the end which has the finer pitch thread, or withthe larger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other en

45、d ofthe stud in the threaded fixture, leaving six complete threadsexposed between the grips. For continuous studs, at least sixcomplete threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends.The maximum speed of the free running cross head shall notexceed 25 mm/min. When reporting the tensile strength of

46、 theproduct, calculate the thread stress area as follows:As5 0.7854 D 2 0.9382P!2(1)where:As= thread stress area, mm2,D = nominal diameter of the fasteners or stud, mm, andP = thread pitch, mm.3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load pr

47、ior to fracture notless than the minimum tensile strength specified in the productspecification for its size, property class, and thread series. Inaddition, fracture shall occur in the body or the threadedsection with no fracture at the juncture of the body and head.3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full

48、-Size ProductThewedge tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener,socket-head cap screw, (with the exception of socket button orflat countersunk head products) or stud is the tensile load thatthe product is capable of sustaining when stressed with awedge under the head. The purpose of this tes

49、t is to obtain thetensile strength and demonstrate the “head quality” and duc-tility of the product.3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of Fasteners Determine theultimate load of the fastener as described in 3.4 except place awedge under the fastener head. When both wedge and proofload testing are required by the product specification use theproof load-tested fastener for wedge testing. The wedge shallhave a minimum hardness of 45 HRC.Additionally, the wedgeshall have a minimum thickness of one half the nominalfastener diameter (measure at the thin side of the hole