ASTM E3014-2015 Standard Practice for Managing Sustainability in Dentistry《牙科学可持续性管理的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E3014 15Standard Practice forManaging Sustainability in Dentistry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a set of generally recognizedactivities governing management of sustainability in dentistryand related dental service practice a

3、nd a management systemframework that assists dentists and dental service organizationsto enhance their respective organizational performance andeffectiveness. It offers an integrated framework to managingsocial, economic and environmental aspects of an organiza-tions activities. While this practice

4、is intended to be adoptedand used by dental professionals and dental service organiza-tions of any size and specializations including those being apart of large healthcare service organizations, the scope of thispractice addresses the expectations of and is relevant to dentalservice provider organiz

5、ations stakeholders.1.2 This practice is intended to be used with pertinent dentaloffice management principles and guidance documents pub-lished by professional dental association in which dentalservices are delivered.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a

6、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 BS Standard:2BS 8900-1:2013 Managing sustainable development oforganiz

7、ationsPart 1: Guide3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 context of dental service organization, nbusinessenvironment; combination of internal and external factors andconditions that can have an effect on dental service organiza-tions approach to its dental service, investments, and stake-holder.3.1.2

8、 dental professional, nindividual person who pro-vides and performs dental services within a dental serviceorganization.3.1.2.1 DiscussionWithin the context of this practice,dental professional may include dentists, registered dentalassistants, licensed oral hygienists, dental technicians, anddental

9、 laboratory technicians.3.1.3 dental service, nintangible output that is the result ofat least one activity or procedure necessarily performed at theinterface between the dental professional and his/her patient.3.1.4 dental service organization, nperson or group ofpeople holding proper and recognize

10、d dental serviceaccreditation, license, or certification that has its own functionswith responsibilities, authorities, and relationships to achieveits objectives.3.1.5 evidence-based dentistry, napproach to oral healthcare that requires the judicious integration of systematicassessments of clinicall

11、y relevant scientific evidence relating tothe patients oral and medical condition and history with thedentists clinical expertise and the patients treatment needsand preferences.3.1.6 management system, nset of interrelated or interact-ing elements of a dental service organization to establishpolici

12、es, objectives, and processes to achieve those objectives.3.1.7 policy, nintentions and direction of a dental profes-sional or a dental service organization as formally expressed bythe person or group of people who directs and controls itsdental service activities at the highest level.3.1.7.1 Discus

13、sionThroughout this practice, “activity” isused to refer collectively to activities, products, and servicesrendered through or directly by a dental professional or anaffiliated dental service provider organization.3.1.8 sustainability, ndegree of sustainable developmentin the context of a dental pro

14、fessional or dental serviceorganization.3.1.9 sustainable development, ndevelopment that meetsthe needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs.3.1.9.1 DiscussionSustainable development is about inte-grating the goals of a high quality of life, he

15、alth, and prosperitywith social justice and maintaining the earths capacity tosupport life in all its diversity. These social, economic, and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 onSustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.80 on GeneralSustainabil

16、ity Standards.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. DOI: 10.1520/E3014152Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

17、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States1environmental goals are interdependent and mutually reinforc-ing. Sustainable development can be treated as a way ofexpressing the broader expectations of society as a whole.4. Significance and Use4.1 There have been growing interests from dental profes-sionals and

18、dental service organizations in the United Statesand elsewhere in the world calling for a consensus-basedpractical guidance document in support of the cost-efficientintegration of generally recognized sustainable developmentprinciples into day-to-day management of dental practices bothfor individual

19、 dental professionals as well as dental serviceorganizations. Formation of ASTM Subcommittee E60.80.7and development of this practice recognizes and fulfills suchdemand. While it is recognized that current interests expressedby most dental professionals are primarily limited to environ-mental impact

20、s attributable to existing dental practices, orso-called “green dentistry,” it remains to be unclear as to whatconstitutes sustainable dentistry practice in principle and pres-ents a challenge to incorporate a systematic and pragmaticmanagement framework identifying, prioritizing, supporting,and add

21、ressing relevant sustainable development issues in adental service providers practice. Given the breadth and extentof management commitment, this practice embodies emergingcomprehension and procedural feasibility of practical realiza-tion of measurable sustainability performance in daily dentalservi

22、ce activities without given preferential considerations oruneven weight to one or more existing claim of “green” indental practice nor does it give favor to any particular group ofdental equipment or product. Aligned with generally recog-nized principles of sustainable development, this practiceprov

23、ides a comprehensive guidance on managing sustainabilityissues in dental practices and offers a system approach andmanagement framework assists dental professionals and dentalservice organizations to improve overall performance andeffectiveness in their products and deliveries. It offers aconcerted

24、approach to managing social, economic, and envi-ronmental aspects of dental practice; stipulates minimumsustainability considerations and requirements; and provides aframework for embedding sustainable development issue man-agement into day-to-day decision making and dental serviceactivities. This p

25、ractice is intended to be adopted and used bydental professionals and dental service organizations of anysize and specializations including those being a part of largehealthcare service organizations. Further, the scope of thispractice addresses the expectations of, and is relevant to, dentalservice

26、 organizations stakeholders starts with identification ofpossible benefits and desirable outcomes of managing forsustainability in dentistry. The approach stipulated in thispractice is to provide a framework for embedding sustainabilitymanagement in everyday decision making and is necessarilychallen

27、ging, provoking, and continually evolving. Effectiveand continuing stakeholder engagement is essential in sharp-ening understanding of real issues and broadening buy in. It isrecognized that building confidence in processes and sustain-able outcomes is an important part of this practice and thatcert

28、ain dental service organizations may wish to use someforms of independent verification. This practice shall not beviewed in isolation as there are many pertinent helpful texts,conventions, codes, and publications available; it acts as aguide to connect various existing “green” dental practices andse

29、rvices and offers a system approach to embedding sustain-able development thinking that fits and is readily realizable fordental service organization of any size or specialization.5. Dental Service Organization5.1 Understanding the Context of Dental Service Organiza-tion:5.1.1 The dental service org

30、anization shall determine exter-nal and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and affectits ability to achieve the intended outcome(s) of its manage-ment system for sustainability in dentistry.5.1.2 Understanding the Needs and Expectations ofStakeholdersThe dental service organization sha

31、ll determine:5.1.2.1 Stakeholders who are relevant to the managementsystem for sustainability in dentistry;5.1.2.2 Relevant requirements of these stakeholders; and5.1.2.3 Applicable legal and other requirements to whichthe dental service organization subscribes.5.1.3 Determining the Scope of the Man

32、agement System forSustainability in Dentistry:5.1.3.1 The dental service organization shall determine theboundaries and applicability of the management system forsustainability in dentistry to establish its scope. When deter-mining this scope, the dental service organization shall con-sider:(1) The

33、external and internal issues referred to in 5.1,(2) The requirements referred to in 5.2, and(3) The type and extent of dental services offered.5.1.3.2 The scope shall be available as documented infor-mation.5.2 Management System for Sustainability in DentistryThe dental service organization shall es

34、tablish, implement,maintain, and continually improve a management system forsustainability in dentistry, including the processes needed andtheir interactions, in accordance with the requirements of thispractice.5.3 Leadership and CommitmentThe leadership shall en-sure that the defined principles of

35、sustainable development arereflected and communicated in its policy. They shall alsoensure the visions delivery leads to long-term success of thedental service organization. Top management shall demon-strate leadership and commitment with respect to sustainabledentistry management system by:5.3.1 En

36、suring that the sustainability policy and objectivesare established and are compatible with the strategic directionof the dental service organization;5.3.2 Ensuring the integration of the management systemfor sustainability in dentistry requirements into the dentalservice organizations business proc

37、esses;5.3.3 Ensuring that the appropriate financial, human, andorganizational resources needed for the management systemfor sustainability in dentistry are available;5.3.4 Communicating the importance of effective manage-ment of sustainability in dentistry and conforming to themanagement system for

38、sustainability in dentistry requirementsthoughout the organization;E3014 1525.3.5 Ensuring that the management system for sustainabil-ity in dentistry achieves its intended outcome(s);5.3.6 Directing and supporting persons to contribute to theeffectiveness of the management system for sustainability

39、 indentistry;5.3.7 Promoting continual improvement; and5.3.8 Supporting other relevant management roles to dem-onstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of respon-sibility.5.4 Organizational Roles, Responsibilities, Account-abilities, and AuthoritiesTop management shall ensure thatrespe

40、ctive responsibilities, accountabilities, and authorities forrelevant roles to realize its sustainability policy and achieve itsobjectives are assigned and communicated within the dentalservice organization. Top management shall assign the respon-sibility and authority for:5.4.1 Requirements of this

41、 practice, and5.4.2 Reporting on the performance of the managementsystem for sustainability in dentistry to top management.5.5 Planning:5.5.1 Actions to Address Risks and Opportunities:5.5.1.1 When planning for the management system forsustainability in dentistry, the dental service organization sha

42、llconsider, assess, and prioritize the issues referred to in 5.1, therequirements referred to in 5.2, and determine the risks andopportunities that need to be addressed to:(1) Give assurance that the management system for sus-tainability in dentistry can achieve its intended outcome(s);(2) Prevent o

43、r reduce undesired effects;(3) Enhance desired business outcomes; and(4) Achieve continual improvement.5.5.1.2 When determining the risks and opportunities thatneed to be addressed, the dental service organization shall alsoinclude considerations for risks associated with organizationalintegrity, in

44、clusivity, transparency, and stewardship as well asopportunities related to the practice of evidence-based den-tistry.5.5.2 The dental service organization shall plan:5.5.2.1 Actions to address these risks and opportunities;5.5.2.2 How to integrate and implement the actions into itsmanagement system

45、 for sustainability in dentistry processes;and5.5.2.3 How to evaluate the effectiveness of these actionsand develop corresponding countermeasures.5.5.3 Documented information shall be retained on theoutcomes of planning for the management system for sustain-ability in dentistry.5.6 Sustainability in

46、 Dentistry Objectives and Planning toAchieve Them:5.6.1 The dental service organization shall establish sustain-ability objectives at relevant functions and levels. The sustain-ability in dentistry objectives shall:5.6.1.1 Be consistent with the sustainability in dentistrypolicy,5.6.1.2 Be measurabl

47、e (if practicable),5.6.1.3 Take into account applicable legal and other require-ments as well as technical feasibility,5.6.1.4 Be measurable and monitored,5.6.1.5 Be communicated, and5.6.1.6 Be updated as appropriate.5.6.2 The dental service organization shall retain docu-mented information on the s

48、ustainability in dentistry objec-tives. When planning how to achieve its sustainability indentistry objectives, the dental service organization shall de-termine:5.6.2.1 What will be done,5.6.2.2 What resources will be required,5.6.2.3 Who will be responsible,5.6.2.4 When it will be completed, and5.6

49、.2.5 How the results will be evaluated.5.7 Support:5.7.1 ResourceThe dental service organization shall deter-mine and provide the resources needed for the establishment,implementation, maintenance, and continual improvement ofthe management system for sustainability in dentistry and todemonstrate enhanced performance.5.7.2 CompetenceThe dental service organization shall:5.7.2.1 Determine the necessary competence of person(s)doing work under its control that affects its sustainabilityperformance;5.7.2.2 Ensure that these persons are competent on the basiso