ASTM D5947-2018 5000 Standard Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens.pdf

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1、Designation: D5947 18Standard Test Methods forPhysical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physicaldimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensionsare used directly in de

3、termining the results of tests for variousproperties. Use these test methods except as otherwise requiredin material specifications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use

4、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 16012 address the same subject matter,but differ in technical content.1.4 T

5、his international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trad

6、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1073/A1073M Practice for Using Hand Micrometers toMeasure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet andNonmetallic and Metallic-Coated Steel SheetD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pl

7、asticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-ness2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 472 PlasticsVocabularyISO 16012 PlasticsDetermination of Line

8、ar Dimensionsof Test Specimens3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D883 and ISO 472 fordefinitions pertinent to these test methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absolute uncertainty (of a measurement), nthesmallest division that may be read directly on the instrume

9、ntused for measurement.3.2.2 calibrationthe set of operations that establishes,under specified conditions, the relationship between valuesmeasured or indicated by an instrument or system, and thecorresponding reference standard or known values derivedfrom the appropriate reference standards.3.2.3 mi

10、crometer, nan instrument for measuring any di-mension within absolute uncertainty of 25 m or smaller.3.2.4 verificationproof, with the use of calibrated stan-dards or standard reference materials, that the calibratedinstrument is operating within specified requirements.3.2.5 1 mil, na dimension equi

11、valent to 25 m (0.0010in.).4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 These test methods provide five different test methodsfor the measurement of physical dimensions of solid plasticspecimens. The test methods (identified as Test Methods Athrough D, and H) use different micrometers that exert variouspressures f

12、or varying times upon specimens of different geom-etries. Tables 1 and 2 display the basic differences of each testmethod and identify methods applicable for use on variousplastics materials.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods shall be used where precise dimen-sions are necessary for the c

13、alculation of properties expressed1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on MechanicalProperties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous e

14、dition approved in 2011 as D5947 11. DOI:10.1520/D5947-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Av

15、ailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat

16、esThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tra

17、de (TBT) Committee.1in physical units. They are not intended to replace practicalthickness measurements based on commercial portable tools,nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by theprocedures will agree exactly.5.2 Examples of machinists micrometers, including pic-tures with descripti

18、ons of their components and pictures of themicrometers used can be located in Practice A1073/A1073M.However, make sure the micrometer, the calibration of it, andthe use of it adheres to the requirements of this standard.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus AMachinists Micrometer Caliper4withCalibrated Ratchet

19、or Friction Thimble:6.1.1 Apparatus A is a micrometer caliper equipped witheither a calibrated ratchet or a friction thimble. The pressureexerted on the specimen is controllable by the use of a propermanipulative procedure and a calibrated spring (see AnnexA1).6.1.2 Use an instrument constructed wit

20、h a vernier or digitalreadout capable of measurement to the nearest 2.5 m.6.1.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil andspindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1mm.6.1.4 Use an instrument conforming to the requirements of8.1, 8.2, 8.5, 8.6.1, and 8.6.2.6.1.5 Use the micr

21、ometer with the locking device releasedor disengaged, if so equipped.6.1.6 Test the micrometer periodically for conformance tothe requirements of 6.1.4.6.2 Apparatus BMachinists Micrometer Without aRatchet:6.2.1 Apparatus B is a micrometer caliper.6.2.2 Use an instrument constructed with a vernier o

22、r digitalreadout capable of measurement to the nearest 2.5 m.6.2.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil andspindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1mm.6.2.4 Use an instrument conforming to the requirements of8.1, 8.2, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.6.1, and 8.6.3.6.2.5 Use the m

23、icrometer with the locking device releasedor disengaged, if so equipped.6.2.6 Examine and test the micrometer periodically forconformance to the requirements of 6.2.4.6.3 Apparatus CManually Operated, Thickness Gauge:56.3.1 Use a dead-weight or spring-loaded, dial-type gaugeor digital readout in acc

24、ordance with the requirements of 8.1,8.3, 8.4, 8.6.1, and 8.6.4 having the following:6.3.1.1 Apresser foot that moves in an axis perpendicular tothe anvil face;6.3.1.2 The surfaces of the presser foot and anvil (whichcontact the specimen) parallel to within 2.5 m (see 8.3);6.3.1.3 A spindle, vertica

25、lly oriented if a dead-weight appa-ratus;6.3.1.4 A dial or digital indicator essentially friction-freeand capable of repeatable readings within 61 m at zerosetting, or on a steel gauge block;6.3.1.5 A frame, housing the indicator, of such rigidity thata load of 15 N applied to the indicator housing,

26、 out of contactwith the presser foot spindle (or any weight attached thereto),will produce a deflection of the frame not greater than thesmallest scale division or digital count on the indicator; and6.3.1.6 A dial diameter at least 50 mm and graduatedcontinuously to read directly to the nearest 2.5

27、m. Ifnecessary, equip the dial with a revolution counter that displaysthe number of complete revolutions of the large hand; or6.3.1.7 An electronic instrument having a digital readout inplace of the dial indicator is permitted if that instrument meetsthe other requirements of 6.3.6.3.2 The preferred

28、 design and construction of this instru-ment calls for a limit on the force applied to the presser foot.The limit is related to the compressive characteristics of thematerial being measured.6.3.2.1 The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to register a change in the indic

29、ator readingshall be less than the force that will cause deformation of thespecimen. The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to just prevent a change in the indicator readingshall be more than the minimum permissible force specified fora specimen.6.4 Apparatus DAutomatic

30、ally-Operated ThicknessGauge:6.4.1 Except as additionally defined in this section, use aninstrument that conforms to the requirements of 6.3.Anelectronic instrument having a digital readout in place of thedial indicator is permitted if that instrument meets the otherrequirements of 6.3 and 6.4.6.4.2

31、 Use a pneumatic or motor-operated instrument havinga presser foot spindle that is lifted and lowered either by apneumatic cylinder or by a constant-speed motor through amechanical linkage such that the rate of descent (for a specifiedrange of distances between the presser foot surface and anvil)and

32、 dwell time on the specimen are within the limits specifiedfor the material being measured.6.4.2.1 The preferred design and construction of this instru-ment calls for a limit on the force applied to the presser foot.The limit is related to the compressive characteristics of thematerial being measure

33、d.6.4.2.2 The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to register a change in the indicator readingshall be less than the force that will cause deformation of thespecimen. The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to just prevent a change in the in

34、dicator readingmust be more than the minimum permissible force specified fora specimen.4Hereinafter referred to as a machinists micrometer.5Herein referred to as a gauge.TABLE 1 Test Methods Suitable for Specific MaterialsMaterial Test MethodPlastics specimens A, B, C, or DOther elastomersAHAMateria

35、ls with D2240 Type A hardness of 30 to 80 (approximately equivalent to aType D hardness of 20).D5947 1827. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimens shall be prepared from plasticsmaterials in sheet, plate, or molded shapes that have been cutto the required dimensions or molded to the desired finisheddim

36、ensions for the particular test.7.2 Prepare and condition each specimen to equilibrium inaccordance with Practice D618 unless otherwise specified bythe relevant ASTM material specification.7.3 For each specimen, take precautions to prevent damageor contamination that might affect the measurements ad

37、versely.7.4 Unless otherwise specified, make all dimension mea-surements at the standard laboratory atmosphere in accordancewith Practice D618.8. Calibration (General Considerations for Care and Useof Each of the Various Pieces of Apparatus forDimensional Measurements)8.1 Good testing practices requ

38、ire clean anvil and presserfoot surfaces for any micrometer instrument. Prior to calibra-tion or dimensional measurements, clean such surfaces byinserting a piece of smooth, clean bond paper between the anviland presser foot and slowly moving the bond paper betweenthe surfaces. Check the zero settin

39、g frequently during measure-ments. Failure to repeat the zero setting may be evidence of dirton the surfaces.NOTE 2Avoid pulling any edge of the bond paper between thesurfaces to reduce the probability of depositing any lint particles on thesurfaces.8.2 The parallelism requirements for machinists mi

40、crom-eters demand that observed differences of readings on a pair ofscrew-thread-pitch wires or a pair of standard 6.4-mm nominaldiameter plug gauges be not greater than 2.5 m. Spring-wirestock or music-wire of known diameter are suitable substitutes.The wire (or the plug gauge) has a diameter dimen

41、sion that isknown to be within 61 m. Diameter dimensions may vary byan amount approximately equal to the axial movement of thespindle when the wire (or the plug gauge) is rotated through180.8.2.1 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instru-ment manufacturer, confirm the parallelism requireme

42、nts ofmachinists micrometers using the following procedure:8.2.1.1 Close the micrometer on the screw-thread-pitch wireor plug gauge according to the calibration procedure of 8.6.2 or8.6.3, as appropriate;8.2.1.2 Observe and record the thickness indicated;8.2.1.3 Move the screw-thread-pitch wire or p

43、lug gauge to adifferent position between the presser foot and anvil, and repeat8.2.1.1 and 8.2.1.2; and8.2.1.4 If the difference between any pair of readings isgreater than 2.5 m, the surfaces are not parallel.8.3 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instrumentmanufacturer, confirm the requi

44、rements for parallelism ofdial-type micrometers given in 6.3.1.2 by placing a hardenedsteel ball (such as that used in a ball bearing) of suitablediameter between the presser foot and anvil. Mount the ball ina fork-shaped holder to allow it to be moved conveniently fromone location to another betwee

45、n the presser foot and anvil. Theballs used commercially in ball bearings are almost perfectspheres having diameters constant within 0.2 m.NOTE 3Exercise care with this procedure. Calculations using theequations given in X1.3.2 show that the use of a 680 g mass weight on aball between the hardened s

46、urfaces of the presser foot and anvil can resultin dimples in the anvil or presser foot surfaces caused by exceeding theyield stress of the surfaces.8.3.1 Observe and record the diameter as measured by themicrometer at one location.8.3.2 Move the ball to another location and repeat themeasurement.8.

47、3.3 If the difference between any pair of readings isgreater than 2.5 m, the surfaces are not parallel.8.4 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instrumentmanufacturer, confirm the flatness of the anvil and the spindlesurface of a micrometer or dial gauge by the use of an opticalflat that has

48、 clean surfaces. Surfaces shall be flat within 1 m.8.4.1 After cleaning the micrometer surfaces (see 8.1), placethe optical flat on the anvil and close the presser foot asdescribed in 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.4,or8.6.5, as appropriate.8.4.2 When illuminated by diffused daylight, interferencebands are forme

49、d between the surfaces of the flat and those ofthe micrometer. The shape, location, and number of thesebands indicate the deviation from flatness in increments of halfthe average wavelengths of white light, which is taken as 0.25m.8.4.2.1 A flat surface forms straight parallel fringes at equalintervals.8.4.2.2 A grooved surface forms straight parallel fringes atunequal intervals.8.4.2.3 A symmetrical concave or convex surface formsconcentric circular fringes. Their number is a measure of thedeviation from flatness.TABLE 2 Test Method Parameter D