ASTM D1655-2014b Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels.pdf

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1、Designation: D1655 14aD1655 14b An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la

2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use

3、 of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuelunder contract.1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft anddescribes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of ai

4、rcraft and engines.The specification can be used as a standard in describingthe quality of aviation turbine fuels from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in thedistribution system continues to

5、 comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, forexample in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipmen

6、t or conditions of usemay permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designedand certified for this fuel.1.6 This specific

7、ation no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special AirworthinessInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification forJet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.7 The values st

8、ated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Metho

9、ds for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products

10、 (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transpare

11、nt and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in L

12、iquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD

13、02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2014. Published October 2014December 2014. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asD1655 14.D1655 14a. DOI: 10.1520/D1655-14A.10.1520/D1655-14B.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM

14、 website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indi

15、cation of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be c

16、onsidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method

17、of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)3D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Avi

18、ation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2892 Test

19、 Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (P

20、otentiometricMethod)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test

21、 Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation C

22、haracteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Met

23、hod for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Conta

24、minationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method f

25、or Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE)D

26、5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Cont

27、amination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition M

28、ethod)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum DistillatesHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microbia

29、l Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine FuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kin

30、ematicViscosity)D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)D7524 Test

31、 Method for Determination of Static Dissipater Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle DistillateFuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized HydrocarbonsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data

32、 to Determine Conformance with Specifications3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D1655 14b22.2 IP Standards:4EI/JIG 1530 Quality Assurance Requirements for the Manufacture, Storage and Distribution of Aviation Fuels to AirportsIP 12 Determination of

33、Specific EnergyIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsManual MethodIP 57 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of the Smoke Point of KerosineIP 71 Section 1 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculationof Dynamic ViscosityIP 123 Petrol

34、eum ProductsDetermination of Distillation Characteristics at Atmospheric PressureIP 154 Petroleum ProductsCorrosiveness to CopperCopper Strip TestIP 156 Petroleum Products and Related MaterialsDetermination of Hydrocarbon TypesFluorescent Indicator AdsorptionMethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid P

35、etroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density Hydrometer MethodIP 170 Determination of Flash PointAbel Closed-Cup MethodIP 216 Particulate Contaminant in Aviation FuelIP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 274 Determination of Electric

36、al Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsIP 323 Determination of Thermal Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine FuelsIP 336 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Sulfur ContentEnergy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryIP 342 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Thiol (Mercaptan) Sulfur in Light

37、 and Middle Distillate FuelsPotentiometricMethodIP 354 Determination of the Acid Number of Aviation Fuels-Colour-Indicator Titration MethodIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 406 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Boiling Range Distributio

38、n by Gas ChromatographyIP 423 Determination of Particulate Contamination in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationIP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition MethodIP 436 Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels

39、 and Petroleum Distillates High Performance LiquidChromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionIP 523 Determination of Flash PointRapid Equilibrium Closed Cup MethodIP 528 Determination for the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine FuelsAutomatic Fibre Optic MethodIP 529 Determination of the Fr

40、eezing Point of Aviation Turbine FuelsAutomatic Laser MethodIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of Aviation Turbine FuelJet Evaporation MethodIP 585 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), Derived from Bio-diesel Fuel, in Aviation Turbine FuelGC-MSwith Selective Ion Monitoring

41、/Scan Detection MethodIP 590 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation FuelHPLC Evaporative Light Scattering DetectorMethodIP 599 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel by Gas Chromatography using Heart-cutand Refocusing2.3 API Standards:5API 154

42、3 Documentation, Monitoring and Laboratory Testing of Aviation Fuel During Shipment from Refinery to AirportAPI 1595 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Aviation Pre-Airfield Storage Terminals2.4 Joint Inspection Group Standards:6JIG 1 Aviation Fuel Quality Control theref

43、ore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels to those made from conventionalsources or by specifically approved processes.5.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refinedhydrocarbons (see Note 1) derived from conventional

44、 sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shaleoil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted only in accordance with AnnexA1.NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels of materials that are not hyd

45、rocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, andnitrogenous compounds.5.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the type certification program for that aircraft and e

46、ngine model. Additives tobe used as supplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4 and X1.15.1).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviation turbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in Table 2or the following list of approv

47、ed material:5.2.1 Other additives are permitted under 5.1 and 7.1. These include fuel performance enhancing additives and fuel handing andmaintenance additives as found under Table 2. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by thepurchaser. Only additives approve

48、d by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.1.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage. Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status ofthe additive and associated conditions must be checked for the specific a

49、ircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III, maybe used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Identified Incidental MaterialsIncidental materials are chemicals and compositions that can occur in turbine fuels as aresult of production, processing, distribution, or storage. Table 3 lists specific materials that h