ASTM A489-2012 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Lifting Eyes 《碳素钢吊耳的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation:A489041Designation: A489 12Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Lifting Eyes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTESections 2.2 and 3.1.10 were editorially revised in October 2006.1

3、. Scope*1.1 This specification covers weldless forged, quenched, and tempered carbon steel threaded lifting eyes (formerly eyebolts) foroverhead lifting.NOTE 1Lifting eyes carrying this specification number even though they are liquid quenched and tempered may be processed from carbon steelwhich, in

4、 the composition range permitted by this specification, could have a fracture appearance transition temperature (50 % shear) higher thanoperating temperatures. Therefore, in order to minimize the possibility of a brittle cleavage failure, these lifting eyes should never be loaded above theproof load

5、, and should not be used when surface discontinuities exist on the lifting eyes.1.2 The specification includes two types denoting shank pattern and one style denoting shank length (both defined in ASMEB 18.15) as follows:1.2.1 Type 1Plain pattern (straight shank).1.2.2 Type 2Shoulder pattern.1.2.3 S

6、tyle BShort length.1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other

7、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods, Practices, a

8、nd Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products D3951Practice for CommercialPackagingE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, DirectTension Indicators, and RivetsF1

9、470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 18.15 Forged Lifting EyesB 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Pr

10、oducts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets,and Washers.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition appro

11、ved in 2003 as A48903. DOI: 10.1520/A0489-04E01.on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A489 041. DOI:10.1520/A0489-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM

12、website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Pa

13、rk Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes ac

14、curately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har

15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for lifting eyes under this specification should include the following information:3.1.1 ASTM specification number and date of issue.3.1.2 Name of product, that is lifting eyes.3.1.3 Type and st

16、yle (see 1.2, Type 1 Style B) will be furnished when a Type and Style is not specified.3.1.4 Drawing, if nonstandard lifting eyes are required (see 8.3).3.1.5 Number of pieces.3.1.6 Size, nominal thread diameter and threads.3.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 14).3.1.8 Supplementary requir

17、ements, if required.3.1.9 Other special requirements.3.1.10For3.1.10 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process and shall be madeto a fine-grain p

18、ractice.4.2 ForgingLifting eyes shall be forged without welds.4.3 Heat TreatmentThe lifting eyes shall be liquid quenched and tempered prior to machining the threaded end.4.4 MachiningThe lifting eyes shall be machined after the quench and temper operation.4.5 ThreadsThe lifting eyes shall be thread

19、ed. Threads may be rolled, cut, or ground.5. Chemical Composition5.1 LimitsThe lifting eyes shall be manufactured from steels having a heat analysis conforming to the requirements in Table1.5.2 Product Analysis:5.2.1 Analyses of finished lifting eyes may be made by the purchaser or may be requested

20、to be made by the manufacturer. Thecomposition thus determined shall conform to the product analysis requirements specified in Table 1.5.3 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Proof LoadThe lifting eyes shal

21、l withstand the proof load specified in Table 2.6.1.1 The proof load shall be defined as the load that can be applied without causing permanent deformation exceeding 0.01in. (0.255 mm) between prick punch marks at opposite ends of the diameter across the eye. The proof load shall be applied througha

22、 mandrel having a diameter of one half the nominal inside diameter of the eye.6.2 Breaking StrengthThe lifting eyes shall conform to the breaking strength specified in Table 2.6.2.1 The breaking strength shall be determined by screwing the lifting eye to the full thread engagement into a block secur

23、edin one jaw of the testing machine and held to the other jaw by means of a mandrel passing through the eye. Failure of the liftingeye below the specified breaking strength constitutes a failure.6.3 Tensile Test RequirementsA specimen machined from a finished lifting eye shall conform to the tensile

24、 requirementsspecified in Table 3.6.3.1 When the lifting eye is too small to have a tensile bar machined from it, a test specimen from the same heat of steel andsame heat treatment lot or charge as the lifting eyes to be tested shall be used to establish the tensile properties of the material inacco

25、rdance with 6.3.6.3.2 The tensile properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods F606.6.4 Bend TestType 1 straight shank lifting eyes 112 in. (36.1 mm) or less in diameter, after being screwed into a steel blockto the full thread length and bent 45 by pressure, shall not exhibit any

26、visible surface ruptures in the unthreaded section of thelifting eye when examined at 103 magnification.6.5 Impact StrengthThe lifting eyes shall have an average Charpy V-notch impact strength of not less than 35 ftlbf (47 J) at0C (32F).6.5.1 The impact strength shall be the average of three specime

27、ns tested. Not more than one specimen shall exhibit a valuebelow the specified minimum average, and in no case shall a value be less than 23 ftlbf (31 J).TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement Heat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.48 0.51Manganese, max 1.00 1.06Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur,

28、max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.150.35 0.120.38A489 1226.5.2 Whenever possible, test specimens shall be taken from the shank and shall conform to the standard 10 by 10-mm CharpyV-notch specimen shown in Test Methods and Definitions A370. When lifting eyes are too small for standard-size specimens,subsize s

29、pecimens may be used, or specimens that represent the same heat and have been subjected to the same forging andheat-treating practices as the lifting eyes they represent may be taken from separate test coupons.6.5.3 The impact properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods and Defini

30、tions A370.7. Grain Size7.1 The finished lifting eyes shall have an as-finished grain size of ASTM No. 5 or finer.7.2 The grain size shall be rated from a broken tensile specimen end representing a heat treated lot of one size.7.3 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods E112.8. Dime

31、nsions8.1 The dimensions of the lifting eyes shall conform to the requirements specified in latest issue of ASME B 18.15 unlessotherwise specified.8.2 The Type and Style shall be as specified by the purchaser. When not specified, Type 1, Style B shall be furnished.8.3 When dimensions other than spec

32、ified in 8.1 are required, they shall be in accordance with the purchasers drawing. In suchcases, the proof load and breaking strength requirements are not applicable because the manufacturer cannot be assured that thepurchasers proprietary design can withstand the loads in this specification. The m

33、achined specimen tensile, impact, and bend testsshall apply in addition to all other requirements of this specification.9. Threads9.1 The lifting eyes shall be threaded. Threads shall conform to the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specified in ASME B 1.1and shall have Class 2A tolerances.TABLE 2 Bre

34、aking Strength and Proof Load Requirements,Types 1 and 2NominalThread SizeTensile StressAreaABreakingStrength, minProof Load,minBInch Pound Unitsin. in.2lbf lbf14 20 0.0318 2 100 800516 18 0.0524 3 400 1 36038 16 0.0775 5 000 2 000716 14 0.1063 6 900 2 76012 13 0.1419 9 200 3 680916 12 0.182 11 830

35、4 74058 11 0.226 14 700 5 88034 10 0.334 21 700 8 68078 9 0.462 30 000 12 00018 0.606 39 400 15 760118 7 0.763 49 600 19 840114 7 0.969 63 000 25 200112 6 1.41 91 600 36 520134 5 1.90 123 500 49 40024 2.50 162 500 65 000212 4 4.00 260 000 104 000AThe stress area is calculated as follows:As = 0.7854

36、D (0.9743/n)2where:As = stress area, in.2,D = nominal bolt size, andn = threads per inch.BProof load is calculated as 2 times the rated capacity in straight pull (0degrees) specified in ASME B 18.15.TABLE 3 Tensile Properties for Machined SpecimensTensile strength, psi 65 00090 000Tensile strength (

37、MPa) (448620)Yield point, min, psi 30 000Yield point, min (MPa) (207)Elongation in 4D, min, % 30Reduction of area, min, % 60A489 12310. Workmanship, Finish,Finish and Appearance10.1 The lifting eyes shall be descaled.10.2 The lifting eyes shall be free of injurious imperfections that would make them

38、 unsuitable for the intended use. The threadsshall be undamaged upon receipt by the purchaser as demonstrated by the ability to accept a Go Ring Gage with normal hand force.11. Number of Tests and Retests11.1 Lot Definition:11.1.1 A lot shall consist of forgings produced from one heat of steel per t

39、reatment charge.11.1.2 If more than one heat of steel is used per treatment charge, all heats must be tested as defined in 11.2.1.11.1.3 A treatment charge is defined as one furnace load of lifting eyes of the same size per quench and temper operation orin a continuous furnace as every8hofcontinuous

40、 operation in quenching and tempering of lifting eyes of the same size.11.2 Number of Tests:11.2.1 Each lot shall be tested for proof load, breaking strength, tensile, and bend properties at the frequency specified below:Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Tests800 and under 1801 to 8000 28001 to 22 0

41、00 3Over 22000 511.2.2The number of tests for impact strength and grain size shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standard qualitycontrol practices. A specific number of tests are not required but the lifting eyes shall be produced by manufacturing practices andsubject to mill tests and ins

42、pection to ensure compliance with the specified requirements.11.3Retests:11.3.1If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may retest the samelot if double the number of samples required for that lot are retested, in which case all additional

43、 tests shall meet the requirementsof the specification.11.3.2If any test specimen shows defective machining, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. Practice F1470shall be used to determine the necessary sampling plan and the number of tests that must be performed to demonstrate all of

44、 therequirements of this standard are met for each lot.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers quality assurance representative all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfyhim that the lifting eyes are being produced and furnished in accordance with this specification. Mill

45、 inspection by the purchasershall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture, unless otherwise agreed to.12.2 Lots represented by lifting eyes tested by the purchaser that fail to meet the specified requirements s

46、hall be subject torejection.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1Lifting eye lots that fail to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the pr

47、oducer or suppliermay make claim for a rehearing.13.1 The disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accordance with Practice F1470.14. Certification14.1 When specified by the purchaser, a test report shall be furnished for each lot showing the following:14.1.1 Heat analysis and heat number(s),14

48、.1.2 Results of proof load, breaking strength, tensile, and bend tests,14.1.3 Results of any supplementary requirements invoked,14.1.4 Statement of compliance with grain size and impact requirements,14.1.5 Purchase order number,14.1.6 Lot number(s), and14.1.7 ASTM specification number, including typ

49、e, style, and date of issue.15. Responsibility15.1 The party responsible for the lifting eye shall be the organization that supplies the lifting eye to the purchaser.16. Product Marking16.1 Each lifting eye shall have the manufacturers name or identification mark forged in raised characters on the surface of thelifting eye.A489 12417. Packaging and Package Marking17.1 Packaging:17.1.1Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in accordance with Practice D3951.17.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging