【考研类试卷】湖北大学考博英语-4及答案解析.doc

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1、湖北大学考博英语-4 及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.When the rent was due. the poor man _ for more time.（分数：0.50）A.pleadedB.squashedC.exertedD.cursed2.This microscope _ by 1,000 times the sample on the slides.（分数：0.50）A.probedB.abidedC.magnifiedD.specified3.She has become quite _

2、 to the company.（分数：0.50）A.influentialB.compulsoryC.indispensableD.essential4.Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to change brain chemistry.（分数：0.50）A.powerfulB.influentialC.monstrousD.vigorous5.The ship was _ in a storm off Jamaica.（分数：0.50）A.drownedB.immergedC.wreckedD.s

3、ubmitted6.Mrs. White has been living in town for only one year, but she seems to be _ with everyone who comes to the store.（分数：0.50）A.acknowledgedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted7.This research has attracted wide _ coverage and has been featured on BBC television“s Tomorrow“s World.（分数：0.50）A.message

4、B.informationC.mediaD.data8.The decision will give renewed _ to the economic regeneration of backward regions.（分数：0.50）A.indexB.impulseC.impactD.impetus9.She has but a faint _ of dialectical materialism.（分数：0.50）A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue10.We are meant to live dangerously and should not be

5、 sheltered. Life is a perilous adventure; its richness is in its _.（分数：0.50）A.hazardsB.securityC.peaceD.length二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：39.00)The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the hi

6、gher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Con

7、fidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions. The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulati

8、ve monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served t

9、o renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finaly, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines. The United States balance of paymen

10、ts deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are

11、still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by J

12、apan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance. The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead-and indeed for the longer run-remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between en

13、couraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Ph

14、ase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy“s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to

15、 be avoided.（分数：7.50）(1).The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show _.（分数：1.50）A.the continuing expansion of the economyB.the growth of consumer purchasing powerC.the consumers“ confidence in the economyD.the soaring consumer incomes for spending(2).Paragr

16、aph 2 mainly deals with _.（分数：1.50）A.economic policy measures suggested by the PresidentB.the causes of business development for the periodC.the stimulative monetary and fiscal policesD.the revival of stronger liquidity positions(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author“s attit

17、ude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems _.（分数：1.50）A.bitter-sweetB.pessimisticC.sympatheticD.doubtful(4).Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to _.（分数：1.50）A.prevent payments deficitB.devalue the American dollarC.avoid inflationary pressuresD.incre

18、ase the balance of trade(5).It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three Program contained _.（分数：1.50）A.devaluation of the dollarB.productivity measuresC.reduced government spendingD.wage and price controlsFraming a problem in mythological terms can point toward solutions at deeper

19、 mythic levels . For centuries, the guiding myth of Western culture has been what might be called the “Grand Narrative of Progress. “ It is the story of movement toward a goal achievement, improvement, and conquest. Modern science and technology have propelled this myth, extending the human life-spa

20、n, harnessing natural resources and the power of the atom, carrying sounds through the atmosphere, and exploring outer space by defying gravity itself. Rational thought and the empirical scientific method became the chief instruments of the progress myth, and they promised to discern which economic

21、system, which form of government, and which aesthetic design would best lead humanity out of confusion toward a utopian future. As science tests hypotheses, those that fail to be verified are abandoned, allowing science to move forward in a self-correcting, progressive direction. Mythology was equat

22、ed with superstition and falsehood: its most vital elements could not be subjected to empirical verification, and it emanated from the well of imagination rather than reason. Spiritual concerns, beliefs in the divine, and respect for the sacred were considered to be the “opium of the masses“ and, li

23、ke any other addiction, a hindrance to progress. But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wak

24、e. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticidesfirst greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prizewas followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available

25、energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal

26、 people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and children abuse went up.（分数：8.00）(1).By the first sentence of the passage the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.myth is very important in the problem-solution relationshipB.science and

27、technology are helpful to solve the problemsC.the Grand Narrative of Progress is powerfulD.problem and solution are the twins(2).The Grand Narrative of Progress can be realized because _.（分数：2.00）A.it emanated from imagination rather than reasonB.it is the story of a movement toward a goalC.it domin

28、ates other values and viewsD.it is with thought and method(3).In the last paragraph, the word “malignant“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.fantasticB.dominantC.benignD.harmful(4).Which of the following can best describe the view of the author?（分数：2.00）A.Human progress has nothing to do with mythologiesB.The myth

29、has helped little in shaping the human futureC.The Grand Narrative of Progress should be criticizedD.Science and technology can lead us to a utopian futureEducation is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances

30、 deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles

31、of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks-those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be di

32、fferent. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginab

33、le. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of m

34、odem education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates“-if the term can be applied to people without a script-while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in Franc

35、e in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that “all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wildernes

36、s is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands kn

37、ow of no “juvenile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.（分数：7.50）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：1.50）A.pleasureB.returns

38、C.shareD.knowledge(2).According to the passage, the author seems to be _.（分数：1.50）A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction(3

39、).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.50）A.the aim of “equal start“ has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modem education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in today“s

40、 society(4).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.50）A.Education can“t work without the benefits of textbooksB.We have not yet decided on our educational modelsC.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nationsD.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before(5

41、).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：1.50）A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and PresentIn England along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from North

42、umberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was co

43、al, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up. The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the e

44、ntire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked c

45、oal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady“s bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporti

46、ng sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man“s bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, t

47、he path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks.（分数：8.00）(1).It can be inferred that between the two types of coal, sea coal _.（分数：2.00）A.could burn betterB.might be cheaperC.was more finely-grainedD.came in big pieces(2).A

48、ccording to the passage, certain equipment was used because _.（分数：2.00）A.it had proved to be practicalB.it could be made by communitiesC.people there were very traditionalD.the communities had curious habits(3).To carry three sacks of coal on a bicycle, it was necessary to _.（分数：2.00）A.put one of th

49、em on the saddleB.balance them all on the crossbarC.remove the excess liquidD.balance two on the crossbar(4).By using the bicycle, _.（分数：2.00）A.coal could be moved easily over the sandB.the collectors could sell more coalC.excess liquid could be removedD.the collectors could ride homeGovernment is an institution resulting from man“s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple soc