【考研类试卷】湖北大学真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、湖北大学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：30.00)Most of us would like to feel we have some influence over what happens around us and to us. Citizens speak out to influence policy on use of nuclear power, conserving the environment and endangered animals, local and state ta

2、xes, the appropriate use of funds by organizations of which they are members, proper land use and the nature of education in the public schools, and a host of other issues. Some of these affect the speakers immediate self-interest; others are attempts, to make the social environment conform more clo

3、sely to their own ideas. To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.Even in jobs relying on technical specialization, the opportunities and demands for public speaking skills remain more common than many college students realize.

4、The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees, or he must serve as a spokesperson for consultant teams presenting results to agencies outside the company. The certified public accountant finds an opport

5、unity to teach classes in her area of speculation. The dentist has to give speeches as an officer of his dental association.Sometimes you may have to make a speech as part of your duties in your job or organization. Perhaps more frequently you will have opportunities where you speak voluntarily, as

6、when you speak out in a meeting. Some of these speaking situations will be of little consequence; you will feel better if you do the speech well, but it will not really make much difference. In other situations, the speech may be significant for the audience. In these situations, it is comforting to

7、 know that you can do at least an adequate job. And you may not be content merely to get through the task adequately. To be able to increase listeners understanding or to persuade them is one of the most civilized ways we as individuals have for affecting our environment.Some beginning-speech studen

8、ts are surprised to discover that they can give a public speech at all, much less the skillful and effective ones they will be producing by the end of the course. The primary purposes of a speech course are to expand your understanding of techniques and strategies in public speaking, and to give you

9、 some practice so that you will be more confident and effective in more situations. With skill and confidence you develop a power to benefit yourself and the society around you.（分数：7.50）(1).The text intends to show you _.A. the importance of speaking before the publicB. the techniques and strategies

10、 in public speakingC. the purposes and aims of a speech courseD. the most civilized ways to exert our influences（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, effective speaking ability does benefit people a lot except on _.A. environmental conservation B. audience awarenessC. technical maintenance

11、D. career promotion（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).You need to speak effectively if _.A. you are a student B. you are an engineerC. you want to study well D. you want to influence others（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).It is implied in the text that _.A. a good speaker may have greater chance in his careerB. making good s

12、peeches is part of the duties of an engineerC. speaking at a meeting is often part of ones dutiesD. people often exercise their power by making speeches（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Sometimes you are not content when you finish your speech because you know _.A. your speech makes little difference to the audi

13、enceB. the audiences better understanding is more essential to youC. making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerD. the speech-making occasion is not important in the least（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultur

14、al trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the

15、world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good, “ he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and th

16、e most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia. “Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization,

17、increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,“ he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices a

18、nd in turn raises the average level of income. “Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will b

19、ecome extinct under globalization. Were paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside, “ she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and

20、 it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak

21、 of, “ says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance. “ Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted, “ a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs an

22、d killing the spirit of our country. /（分数：7.50）(1).As for globalization, Michael Tenets attitude to it is most probably to be in _.A. firm support B. cautious approvalC. great anxiety D. strong repentance（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank on globalization are quite _.A.

23、 optimistic B. identical C. worrying D. contrary（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).When mentioning Janice Yawee, the author is talking about _.A. her local culture and languageB. the cultural implications of globalizationC. McDonalds and English slangD. the economic impact of globalization（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Acc

24、ording to paragraph 5, different countries consider globalization as _.A. a mixed blessing B. an evil forceC. an active stimulus D. an intervention in their domestic affairs（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The title which best expresses the main idea of the text would be _.A. Disadvantages of Globalization in E

25、conomic AreaB. Peoples Responses to the Impacts of GlobalizationC. Influence of Globalization on the Economy and CultureD. Different Roles of Globalization in the Development of Economy（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.In the decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United State

26、s left the South, where the majority of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that most of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migr

27、ation came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of cotton industry following boll-weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the first World War

28、in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been

29、 investigated in detail. Although numerous investigations document a flight from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black wor

30、k force reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits“, the federal census category roughly including the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an em

31、ployed population could be tempted to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slaveryblacksmiths, masons, carpenterswh

32、ich had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industriestobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South

33、, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll-weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing inf

34、lux of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the No

35、rth to their rural backgrounds comes into question.（分数：7.50）(1).The author indicates the Great Migration explicitly by using _ as her source of information.A. immigration Service reports in 1930 B. the First World War in 1918C. the federal census in 1910 D. southern newspapers in 1898（分数：1.50）A.B.C.

36、D.(2).According to the text, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910?A. They were being pushed lower as a result of increased competition.B. They began to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.C. They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for

37、 unskilled workers.D. They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern ones.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the underlined phrase “the easy conclusion“ is based on the assumption that _.A. people who migrate from rural areas to large cities us

38、ually do so for economic reasonsB. most people who leave rural areas to work in cities return to rural areas as soon as it is financially possible for them to do soC. people with rural backgrounds are less likely to succeed economically in cities than those with urban backgroundsD. most people who w

39、ere once skilled workers are not willing to work as unskilled workers（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.A. introduce a recently discovered source of informationB. support an alternative to an accepted methodologyC. present evidence that resolves a contradictionD. challen

40、ge a widely accepted explanation（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The material in the passage would be most relevant to a long discussion of which of the following topics?A. The Effect of Migration on the Regional Economies of the United States Following the First World War.B. The Reasons for the Subsequent Econ

41、omic Difficulties of Those Who Participated in the Great Migration.C. The Transition for the Subsequent Economic Difficulties of Those Who Participated in the Great Migration.D. The Transition of the Agricultural South Following the Boll-weevil Infestation.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.However important we may r

42、egard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously hinder and thw

43、art curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the class

44、room teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the years as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illust

45、rate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget,

46、buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfacto

47、ry progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is more

48、creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.（分数：7.

49、50）(1).The central idea conveyed in the passage is that _.A. home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB. teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC. parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectivesD. there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The author directly discusses the fact that _.A. parents drill their