ASTM D3801-2019 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position.pdf

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1、Designation: D3801 10D3801 19Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of SolidPlastics in a Vertical Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3801; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determi

3、ning comparative burning character-istics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position.NOTE 1This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test (V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.NOTE 2This test method

4、 and Test Method B of IEC 606951110 are equivalent. IEC 606951110 has replaced ISO 1210.NOTE 3For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For test methods offlexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method

5、 D4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics andresistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intendedto serve as a preliminary indication of their ac

6、ceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The finalacceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to suchequipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assu

7、rance and the preselection of componentmaterials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scopeof this technical committee.1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used for building constructio

8、n, finishing or contents such as wall and floorcoverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition, the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread, smokecharacterization and heat release rate are not evaluated by this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evalua

9、te theflammability of materials in these intended end use product configuration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or asse

10、mblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,

11、 associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with inte

12、rnationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 P

13、ractice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Pr

14、operties (SectionD20.30.03).Current edition approved July 1, 2010Jan. 15, 2019. Published July 2010January 2019. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 asD3801 - 06.D3801 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/D3801-10.10.1520/D3801-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi

15、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication

16、 of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be conside

17、red the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD4804 Test Method for Determining the Flammability Charact

18、eristics of Nonrigid Solid PlasticsD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD5048 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid PlasticsUsing a 125-mm FlameD5207 Practice for Confirmat

19、ion of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests onPlastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IEC Standard:3606951110 Fire Hazard TestingPart 11-10: Test Flames50W

20、 Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods2.3 ISO Standard:3ISO 1210 PlasticsDetermination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with aSmall-Flame Ignition Source (Withdrawn)2.4 UL Standard:4ANSI/UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Device

21、s and Appliances3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the definitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology D883. Forterms relating to fire, the definitions used in this test method are in accordance with Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to T

22、his Standard:3.2.1 afterflameafterflame, npersistence of flaming of a material, after the ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timetime, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame, under specified conditions, after theignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglowafte

23、rglow, npersistence of glowing of a material, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, afterremoval of the ignition source.3.2.4 afterglow timetime, nthe length of time for which a material continues to glow under specified test conditions, afterthe ignition source has been removed or ce

24、ssation of flaming, or both.3.2.5 flame-impingement timetime, nthe time in seconds that the flame from the burner is in contact with the specimen.3.2.6 flaming materialmaterial, nflaming drips or particles from the specimen that ignite the absorbent 100 % cotton.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The proc

25、edure consists of subjecting a set of pre-conditioned specimens of identical composition and geometry to a standardtest flame for two 10-s flame applications. The afterflame time is recorded after the first flame application, and the afterflame andafterglow times are recorded after the second flame

26、application. Information is also recorded on whether or not flaming materialdrips from the specimen (and whether these drips ignite a cotton indicator) and total flame time for a particular specimen set.5. Significance and Use5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow time in seconds f

27、or a material of specified shape, under the conditionsof this test method.5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.3 The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as a reference for comparing the relative performance of mat

28、erials andas an aid in material selection.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different testconditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only fo

29、rthe fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood or chamber, having an inside volume of at least 0.5 m3. The chamber shall permitobservation of tests in progress and shall be , free of induced or forced draft during test, while a

30、llowing normal thermal circulationof air past the test specimen during burning. The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color. When a light meter, facingtowards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx. For3

31、 Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from American NationalStandards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (

32、UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.D3801 192safety and convenience, it is desirable that this enclosure be fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to removeproducts of combustion. The extraction device shall be turned off during the test and turned on immedia

33、tely after the test to removethe fire effluents. (WarningCombustion products are toxic. A system to contain and remove the products of combustion aftera test is required.)NOTE 4Laboratory hoods often have induced drafts even with the exhaust fan off. In such cases, a positive-closing damper shall be

34、 used.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the specimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.6.2 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance with Specification D5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustable for vertical positioning of specimens.6.4 Gas Sup

35、ply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas, minimum 98 % pure, with suitable regulator and meter for uniformgas flow. Natural gas having an energy density of 37 6 1 MJ/m3 at 25C has been found to provide similar results. However,technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee gas in cases

36、 of dispute.6.5 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.6 Cotton, absorbent 100 % cotton.6.7 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride or other drying agent, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2C andrelative humidity not exceeding 20 %.6.8 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being maintaine

37、d at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 %.6.9 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating-air oven capable of being maintained at 70 6 2C while providing a minimumof five air changes per hour.6.10 Micrometer, having a resolution of at least 0.01 mm.6.11 Measuring Scale, graduated in millimetr

38、es.7. Test Specimens7.1 The standard specimen geometry shall be 13.0 6 0.5 by 125 6 5 mm, and shall be provided in the minimum and maximumthickness. Materials thicker than 13 mm shall not be tested by this test method.7.1.1 The test specimens shall be molded in accordance with the ASTM specification

39、s for the material; or in accordance withthe material manufacturers instructions.7.2 Surfaces shall be smooth and unbroken. Corner radius shall not exceed 1.3 mm. After any cutting operation, edges shall befine-sanded to remove burrs, saw marks, and residual filaments.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition sp

40、ecimen sets as follows:8.1.1 Condition one set of five specimens (SetA) in accordance with ProcedureAof Practicefor a minimum of 48 hours at D618for a minimum of 48 hours. a temperature of 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 10 %. Once removed from the conditioningroom or chamber, specimens shal

41、l be tested within one hour. Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accordance withSection 7 of Practice D618.8.1.2 Condition a second set of five specimens (Set B) in a circulating-air oven for 168 6 2 h at 70 6 2C and then cool ina desiccator for at least 4 h at room temperature prior to

42、testing. Once removed from the desiccator, specimens shall be testedwithin 30 min.8.2 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere of 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.8.3 Cotton shall be conditioned in the desiccator for at least 24 hours prior to use. Once removed from the des

43、iccator, the cottonshall be used within 30 minutes.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, or laboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.9.2 Clamp a specimen from the upper 6 mm of its length, with the longitudinal axis vertical, so that the lower end of thespecimen is

44、 300 6 10 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton, approximately 50 by 50 mm, thinned to a maximum uncompressedthickness of 6 mm, maximum mass of 0.08 g. See Fig. 1.9.3 Place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite, and adjust it to produce a blue flame 20 6 2 mm high.Adjust the needlevalve and th

45、e air ports of the burner until a 20-mm yellow-tipped blue flame is produced, and then increase the air supply untilthe yellow tip just disappears. Measure the height of the flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust the burner needle valveto give the proper flame height. The flame shall be

46、 confirmed using Practice D5207 at least once per month during active testingor whenever the gas supply is changed.D3801 1939.4 Approaching the specimen from the wide side in a horizontal plane (see Fig. 2), place the test flame centrally under the lowerend of the test specimen with the burner tube

47、10 6 1 mm below the specimen and maintain that distance for a flame-impingementtime of 10.0 6 0.5 s, moving the burner as necessary in response to any changes in the length or position of the specimen.Withdraw the test flame sufficiently so that there is no effect on the burning specimen (see Note 6

48、) and measure the afterflame time,in seconds.9.4.1 When the flaming of the specimen ceases, immediately place the test flame under the major portion of the specimen (seeNote 7) maintaining a distance of 10 6 1 mm for a flame-impingement time of 10.0 6 0.5 s. After this second flame application,withd

49、raw the test flame (see Note 6) and measure the afterflame and afterglow times, in seconds.9.4.2 Record the afterflame time after the first flame application as t1. Record the afterflame and afterglow times after the secondflame application as t2 and t3, respectively. Note and record whether any particles fall from the specimen and, if so, whether theyignite the cotton.NOTE 6Withdrawing the burner a distance of 150 mm from the specimen while measuring t1, t2, and t3 has been found suitable.NOTE 7When the flaming of the specimen