2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换、比较等级和名词的数素能强化.doc

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1、1词性转换、比较等级和名词的数第一组. 语法填空(2018江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together _1. to develop_ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria _2. are_ (be) able to resist _3. powerful_ (

2、power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”. The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human _4. health_ (healthy). It said they have _5. the_ ability to easily turn treatab

3、le infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material _6. that/which_ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment. MariePaule Kieny is the Assistant Director General at the WHO. She said， “Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out _7.

4、of_ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most _8. urgently_ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time， ” she said. Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when

5、 people take more or less than the amount _9. required_ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that _10. were treated_ (treat) at one time easily become resistant. 文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填 to develop。 解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These ba

6、cteria”可知，应填 are。 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。2 解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词 ing 形式作宾语。human health意为”人类健康” ，作介词 to 的宾语。 解析：考查冠词。ability 被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词 the 修饰。 解析：考查定语从句。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。 解析：考查介词。固定搭配 run out

7、of 意为“用完” ，故填介词 of。 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently 修饰动词 need。 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require 和 amount 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat 所表示10 的动作发生在过去，且动词 treat 和 infections 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。. 短文改错(2018河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)After the supermarket cashier added to my

8、 groceries，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please dont put yourself out， ” I told him. “Let me tell you story， ” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a

9、 bunch of flower. I went this morning，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But，here ，please accept this. Its your mothers flowers. ”答案：After the supermarket cashier added my groceries, it was $12 over what I t

10、ouphad on me. I about to remove items from the bag when another amwas embarrassed embarrassedlyshopper handed me a $20 note. “Please dont put yourself out， ” I told him. “Let me tell you story， ” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with acancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of . I

11、went this flowerflowersmorning, and she got very much angry with me for my money on more spendspending3flowers. She demanded that I something else with that money. ， here, diddo But Soplease accept this. Its mothers flowers. ”yourmy 解析：to 改为 up。超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多 12 美元。add to

12、 表示“添加” ， add up“把加起来” ，故此处应把 to 改为 up。 解析：am 改为 was。此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 解析：embarrassed 改为 embarrassedly。此处用副词 embarrassedly“尴尬地”来修饰动词 remove。 解析：story 前加 a。 story 为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story 的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词 a。 解析：flower 改为 flowers。根据 flower 是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。a bunch of flowers“一束花” 。 解析：删除 angry 前的 mu

13、ch。此处修饰形容词 angry，应用 very，much 多余。 解析：spend 改为 spending。介词后应使用动名词作宾语。 解析：did 改为 do。demand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“shoulddo”的形式，其中 should 可以省略。故把 did 改为 do。 解析：But 改为 So。根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把 But 改为 So。解析：your 改为 my。根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花” ，故把 your 改为 my。10 第二组. 语法填空(2017 年 11 月浙江高考)Easy Ways to Build Vocabu

14、laryIts not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，its _1. an_ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement， _2. which_ means yonll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wou

15、ldnt think that a few _3. months_ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough _4. for_ the rest of your life，and thats also true for building your vocabularyyou have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the _5. effective_ (effect) ways

16、 to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to _6. really_ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isnt as hard as it _7. sounds_ (sound)，and 4it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while _8. reading_ (read) an interesting pie

17、ce of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _9. their_ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words _10. learned/learnt_ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。 解析：考查冠词。此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，又因为单词 ongoing 的发音以元音音

18、素开头，故填不定冠词 an。 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为空前的整句话，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 which。 解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的 a few 及 month 为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼” ，故用 month 的复数形式。 解析：考查介词。青少年时代几个月的锻炼对你的余生来说是不够的。故此处应用介词 for，表示“对来说” 。 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的 ways 可知，此处需要用形容词，意为”有效的方法之一” ，故填 effective。 解析：考查副词。你在一周内至少需要真正地读一本好书，最好是一部名著

19、。此处应用副词 really 修饰动词 read。 解析：考查主谓一致。这并不像听起来那样难。分析句子结构可知，本句中第二个 as 引导从句，从句中 it 是主语，且根据上文的 isnt 和全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填 sounds。 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在 while 引导的时间状语从句中，动词 read 的逻辑主语是 you，与其构成主谓关系，故填现在分词 reading。 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后的 use 是名词，故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填 their。解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，learn 与 the words 之间构

20、成逻辑上10 的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。. 短文改错(2018福州四校高三联考)When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green，that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in t

21、he daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village 5happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I

22、could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful. 答案：When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so thatwhichmuch clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark, the air

23、getsgotwas cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses itthat ofto chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the butandvillage happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was highlyhigh. When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They lighting

24、lighted/lit/light star starswere so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful. werewas 解析：that 改为 which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，应用 which 指代前面的主句。 解析：删除 so 后的 much。考查固定结构。此处表示那里的水是如此清澈以至于“我”甚至可以看到鱼在游泳。so. . . that. . . 表示“如此以至于” ，为固定结构。 解析：g

25、ets 改为 got。考查动词时态。本文讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 解析：it 改为 that。考查代词。当天变黑的时候，空气比白天的凉些。that 表示“同名异物” ，而 it 表示“同名同物” ，故此处应用 that。 解析：out 后加 of。考查固定搭配。walk out of. . . “从走出去”为固定搭配。 解析：but 改为 and。考查连词。 “我”喜欢和“我”的朋友们玩游戏，并沿着村庄快乐地跑。根据语境可知上下文之间形成并列关系，故用 and。 解析：highly 改为 high。考查副词。high 表示“高”时，形容词和副词同形，而highly 表示“高度地，高水平地” 。 解析：lighting 改为 lighted/lit/light。考查动词语态/形容词。此处可表示村庄被照亮了，故用 light 的过去分词 lighted/lit；light 除了作名词“光线”外，也可作形容词，意为“明亮的” ，故也可用 light，在此作表语。6 解析：star 改为 stars。考查名词单复数。a few 后跟可数名词复数。解析：were 改为 was。考查主谓一致。在这个村庄的生活是很精彩的。主语为第三10 人称单数，故将 were 改为 was。