【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-5及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dan

2、gers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and succe

3、ssfully pursuing our humanization (6) .Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic effort? to “save“ the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They m

4、ay succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) “death watch“.(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease

5、 and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members

6、of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) deat

7、h.（分数：10.00）(1).A Indeed B Likewise C Therefore D Furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A detached B prejudiced C favored D interfered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A identify B promote C recognize D assist（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A allocation B expense C restriction D availability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A advice B access

8、 C execution D exercise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A functions B goals C purposes D origins（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A obtained B afforded C desired D offered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A possible B probable C proper D potential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A supporting B rescuing C replacing D retrieving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).

9、A maintenance B survival C life D existence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A deprived B repelled C rejected D denied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A shortened B prolonged C removed D extended（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A Even B But C Only D Hence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A range B scope C context D territory（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15

10、).A wake B process C company D light（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A moreover B however C hence D thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A limited to B isolated from C prepared for D absorbed into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A away B aside C off D down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A except B so C or D but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A above B

11、 against C upon D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dogs are constantly learning from the reaction of human owners, picking up facial cues and anticipating their owners behavior, a new research suggests. The findings, published onl

12、ine in the journal Learning and Behavior, show that dogs essentially are always in training, and help explain how many owners unknowingly teach and reward their dogs bad behavior.Research conducted at the University of Florida focused on the role of eye contact and facial cues in influencing canine

13、behavior. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs seem to know when they are being watched and even wait to perform forbidden behavior like digging in the garden when they know their owners arent looking. In this study, researchers studied how human cues triggered begging behavior among 35 pet dogs

14、, 18 shelter dogs and 8 wolves raised in captivity. First the animals were taught that the human strangers helping with the experiment were reliable sources of tasty treats. The testers stood close together and called to the animal, and both offered rewards of Spam cubes or Beggin Strips treats.Afte

15、r four rewards, the experiment began. Two testers stood against a fence or wall, about 20 feet apart and with food in their pockets. The dog was held about 20 feet away, equidistant from both testers. In one condition, one tester faced the dog while the other turned her back. In another, a tester he

16、ld a book near her face, while the other tester held the book in front of her face, as if she were reading. In a third condition, one tester held a bucket near the shoulder, while the other put the bucket over her head, blocking her eyes.Then, both testers called out to the dogs. All the animalspet

17、dogs, shelter dogs and wolvesignored the person whose back was turned and sought food from the person who was looking at them. “The question was, are dogs and wolves responsive to a humans attentional state?“ said Monique Udell, an assistant professor of psychology at Flagler College, Fla. But when

18、the testers held books, it was only the domestic dogs who avoided the person who appeared to be reading the book. “In a house where theyre used to people reading books, they are sensitive to those types of cues,“ said Dr. Udell. Interestingly, in the bucket experiment, the animals, for the most part

19、, were equally likely to seek food from the person with the bucket over her head as the person holding the bucket.The experiment shows that dogs are tuned into whether humans are paying attention. “Dogs dont have to read our minds. Dogs read our behavior,“ said Dr. Udell. Pet owners often get frustr

20、ated with bad dog behavior without realizing that they themselves have reinforced it, either by giving the dog a treat when they beg, skipping a bath when they protest or letting them sleep on the bed or couch.（分数：10.00）(1).The new study found thatA dogs never behave badly if their owners give them

21、no cues.B forbidden behavior is harder to train in canine animals.C dogs behavior can never be shaped by conscious training.D cues from humans help shape the behavior of canine animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The experiment shows that domestic animalsA are more responsive to human attentional state.B f

22、eel more intimate to their human masters.C are not easily fooled by human behavior.D demonstrate greater interest in facial cues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The possible reason why most animals turned to the person with the bucket is thatA they thought the bucket contained food.B they could not read that c

23、ue.C the person did not turn his back on them.D the person only half hid his face.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “are tuned into“ probably meansA be ignorant of.B be insensitive to.C be responsive to.D be oblivious to.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the text isA Your Dog Is Watching You

24、.B Dogs Are More Intelligent Than You Think.C Dogs Are the Greatest Cheaters of the World.D Dogs Are Often Taught to Perform Forbidden Behavior.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs“, where all

25、eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national

26、skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would

27、 tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for

28、those who knowingly hire illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of succe

29、ss ) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talk-radio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all g

30、o home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for every

31、one else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will

32、have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks,

33、 too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship woul

34、d be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about families and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr.

35、 Bush from enjoying a domestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and behave.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph toA introduce the ma

36、in topic of immigration law reforming.B remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D emphasize the fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true abou

37、t the present bill?A The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C The bill is designed to improve American immigration system.D The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “stoned

38、“ (line 1, paragraph3 ) most probably meansA stiffened. B constructed. C criticized. D supported（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can inferred from the passage thatA the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved illegals.B the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C em

39、ployers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems to beA supportive. B objective. C confused. D optimistic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Tex

40、t 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People can get emotional about immigration. Bill OReilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. OReilly

41、 raged, those girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“.President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Dem

42、ocratic Congress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m ill

43、egals who have already snuck in.The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners

44、and hotel cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year.And the controv

45、ersial part of Mr. Bushs immigration package-allowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legal - is still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans,

46、are split on the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard- working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born.Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. T

47、he Senate is expected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them before they do.The bigges

48、t hurdle, however, may be the Democrats reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there is a selfish as well

49、 as a moral argument for making a deal.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “misdemeanours“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by _.A severe crimes.B homicide.C misbehaviors.D nonsense doings.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is proposed by Mr. Bush?A Making it harder for immigrants to enter America both le