SANS 737-2009 Coal - Determination of plastic properties - Constant-torque Gieseler plastometer method《煤 塑料性能测定 恒力矩基氏塑性仪法》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22995-5 SANS 737:2009Edition 1ISO 10329:2009Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Coal Determination of plastic properties Constant-tor

4、que Gieseler plastometer method This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 10329:2009 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27

5、12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 737:2009 Edition 1 ISO 10329:2009 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 27B, Solid mineral fuels Test methods, in accordance with procedures of the SAB

6、S Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in September 2009. Reference numberISO 10329:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO10329First edition2009-02-01Coal Determination of plastic properties Constant-torque Gieseler plastometer

7、method Charbon Dtermination des proprits plastiques Mthode du plastomtre Gieseler couple constant SANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10329:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In a

8、ccordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe

9、s licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for p

10、rinting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless other

11、wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright

12、 office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedSANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS

13、 .ISO 10329:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 2 6 Calibration . 3 7 Sample . 4 8 Procedure 4 9 Cleaning of the apparatus 10 10 Calculation and expression of results 10 11 Prec

14、ision of the method. 11 SANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10329:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stan

15、dards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International org

16、anizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given

17、 in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75

18、 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10329 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Soli

19、d mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis. SANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10329:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Coal Determination of plastic properties Constant-tor

20、que Gieseler plastometer method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method may be used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonizatio

21、n and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal. 2 Normative ref

22、erences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 18283, Hard coal and coke Manual samp

23、ling ISO 13909-1, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 1: General introduction ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 2: Coal Sampling from moving streams ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 3: Coal Sampling from stationary lots 3 Terms and definitions F

24、or the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 dial division per minute measure of stirrer rotation rate, as used in this method NOTE There are 100 dial divisions for each full 360 rotation of the stirrer. The fluidity result is expressed as total dial divisions turn

25、ed by the stirrer in a 1 min time period, i.e. dd/min. 3.2 initial softening temperature temperature at which dial movement or electronic readout indicates a stirring shaft movement of one dial division per minute (dd/min), with continued indication of movement of at least 1 dd/min thereafter 3.3 ma

26、ximum fluidity temperature temperature at which stirring shaft rotation reaches the maximum rate 3.4 plastic range difference between the initial softening temperature and the solidification temperature SANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing

27、 clients of the SABS .ISO 10329:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.5 final fluidity temperature temperature at which the last 1 dd/min stirrer rotation rate is reached 3.6 solidification temperature temperature at which the stirring shaft stops 3.7 maximum fluidity maximum rate of rotation for

28、the stirring shaft in dial divisions per minute 3.8 jamming swelling up of coal into the retort tube during the test, which may produce a lower fluidity result than expected and can only be noted after visual inspection of the disassembled crucible and retort at the conclusion of the test 3.9 breaki

29、ng free spinning behaviour of coal, either by rotating at maximum motor speed or by abrupt changes in rotation, which occurs as a result of a molten ball of coal forming around the base of the stirrer, and which makes reporting of the true maximum fluidity of the coal difficult 4 Principle Measureme

30、nts of the plastic properties of coals are made by applying a constant torque to a stirrer placed in a crucible into which the coal is charged. The crucible is immersed in a bath and the temperature increased uniformly. The rotation of the stirrer is recorded in relation to increase in temperature.

31、5 Apparatus 5.1 Gieseler plastometer retort, composed of the following component parts (see Figure 1). 5.1.1 Retort crucible, cylindrical, with (21,4 0,1) mm inside diameter, and (35,0 0,3) mm in depth with exterior threads for joining the crucible to the barrel. The crucible shall have a (2,38 0,02

32、) mm diameter notch with an included angle of 70 in the centre of its inside base to serve as a seat for the stirrer. 5.1.2 Retort crucible cover, with interior threads for joining the crucible cover to the crucible and exterior threads for joining the crucible cover to the barrel. The inside diamet

33、er of the hole which accommodates the stirrer shall be (9,5 0,1) mm. 5.1.3 Guide sleeve, provided near the upper end of the stirrer to guide the latter within the barrel with a clearance of between 0,05 mm and 0,10 mm. 5.1.4 Gas exit hole, provided on the barrel to afford an exit for the volatile pr

34、oducts during a test, placed, for example, at the midpoint of the barrel; a tube may be fitted if desired. 5.1.5 Barrel, (121,0 2,5) mm long, having an inside diameter of (9,5 0,1) mm. The top end of the barrel shall be 12,7 mm in inside diameter to a depth sufficient to allow the fitting of a guide

35、 sleeve through which the axle of the stirrer passes when the apparatus is assembled. SANS 737:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10329:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 35.1.6 Steel stirrer, provided with a straight s

36、haft (3,95 0,05) mm in diameter and equipped with four rabble arms. The lower end of the stirrer shall be tapered to a point having an included angle of 60. The rabble arms on the stirrer shall be (1,6 0,05) mm in diameter, (6,4 0,05) mm in length, and shall be placed so as to be perpendicular to th

37、e shaft at 90 intervals around the shaft and (3,2 0,05) mm apart centre to centre along the shaft. The middle two rabble arms shall be set at 180 to each other, and likewise, the remaining two arms at 180 to each other. The lowest rabble arm shall be set to give (1,6 0,05) mm clearance between it an

38、d the bottom of the crucible when the stirrer is in place. The upper end of the stirrer shall be cut to fit into a slot on the lower end of the axle in the plastometer head. The rabble arms should be checked before each test to ensure that they are clean and free from distortion or other visual dama

39、ge. It is essential that the dimensions of the rabble arms on the stirrer meet the requirements in this clause and in Figure 2, and it is important that these dimensions are checked on a regular basis, e.g. every 50 determinations. If after use it is found by accurate measurement that any of the dim

40、ensions are outside the specified limits, the rabble arms should be replaced or the stirrer discarded. 5.2 Plastometer head. The plastometer head, shown schematically in Figure 3, shall consist of a fixed-speed motor (approximately 300 r/min to 500 r/min) connected directly to a magnetic clutch or h

41、ysteresis brake capable of adjustment over a reasonable range either side of a torque value of 101,6 gcm (9,66 Nm). A dial drum, attached to the clutch brake output shaft, shall be graduated into 100 divisions for 360 degrees. Each complete drum revolution or 100 dial divisions shall be recorded on

42、a counter actuated by an electric eye or other suitable method. As an alternative, an electronic device capable of measuring rotation rates between 0,01 and 300 r/min may be attached to the clutch or brake output shaft. Using this latter technique, rotation rates can be converted directly to dial di

43、visions per minute (dd/min) and can be displayed or recorded once a minute on a suitable electronic readout or printer. NOTE Care is needed in the maintenance and lubrication of all bearings, particularly after the instrument has been used with a coal high in volatile matter. Using bearings with a c

44、losed race is undesirable due to the increased friction of the closed race compared to bearings with an open race. When using open race bearings, clean and replace on a regular basis. 5.3 Electric Furnace. An electrically heated furnace shall be used (see Figure 4) with suitable controls so that a h

45、eating rate of (3,0 0,1) C/min, on an overall basis, with not more than (3,0 1,0) C for any given minute, can be maintained over a temperature range from 300 C to 550 C with a (15 1) C rise over any given 5 min period. The furnace shall contain a molten solder bath of approximately 50 percent lead a

46、nd 50 percent tin composition. The temperature in the bath shall be measured with a suitable thermocouple in a protection tube of approximately 6 mm in outside diameter immersed in the bath so that the tube touches the outside wall of the crucible and the hot junction of the thermocouple is at the s

47、ame height as the centre of the coal charge. A stirrer shall be used to agitate the solder. 5.4 Loading device. The loading device shall be provided to pack the coal uniformly in the crucible under a total load of 10 kg and designed in such a manner that, after compression, the crucible and its cont

48、ents can be removed easily from the device without disturbing the contents. A suitable device, such as shown in Figure 5, has a static weight of 9 kg together with a drop weight of 1 kg which is dropped twelve times from a height of 115 mm. NOTE The static weight of 9 kg is the combined mass of the

49、cage, packing head, dropping mass shaft and the static mass. 6 Calibration Torque shall be checked with the string and pulley method shown in Figure 6. In the string and pulley method, a pulley is screwed onto the spindle and a string attached to this pulley is placed over a second vertical pulley, with the required weight attached. A 25,4 mm (1 in) radius pulley and a 40 g weight have been used for that purpose. With the plastometer motor turned on, the brake or clutch suspens