CAN CSA-ISO TR 14049-2001 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis (First Edition.pdf

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1、National Standard of Canada CAN/CSA-ISO/TR 14049-01 CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION (I SO/TR 1 4049:2000) I / . Technical Report ISO/TR 140492000 (first edition, 2000-03-15) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/TR 14049-01, which has been approved as a National Standard o

2、f Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. May 2001 ISBN 1-55324-41 1-7 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of IS0 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis Management environnemental - Analyse du cycle de vie - Exemples dapplication de IISO 1

3、404 I traitant de la ddfinition de Iobjectif et du champ dktude et analyse de Iinventaire Reference number ISOITR 14049:2000(E) IS0 2000 The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 191 9 and accredited by the Standards Cou

4、ncil of Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a national consensus of producers and users - including manufacturers, consumers, retai

5、lers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the en

6、vironment. indicate their support for CSAs standards development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total

7、 membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regul

8、arly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 191 9, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission:

9、CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs. For further information on CSA

10、services, write to Canadian Standards Association 178 Rexdale Boulevard Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1 R3 Canada Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada The Association offers certification and testing services In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in The Standards Council of

11、 Canada is the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote volun

12、tary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. has been approved by

13、the Standards Council of Canada and one which reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as ma

14、y be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the S

15、tandards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practica

16、ble. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa,

17、 Ontario, K1 P 6N7 Canada A National Standard of Canada is a standard which CANADIAN STADARDS ASSOCIATION - . Les normes nationales du Canada sont publiees en versions frangaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note th

18、at it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards Association Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of IS0 1404 1 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis CA

19、N/CSA-ISO/TR 14049-01 CANCSA-ISO/TR 14049-01 Environmental management - Life cycZe assessment - ExampZes of application of IS0 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis CSA Preface This is the first edition of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/TR 14049, Environmental management - Life cycle a

20、ssessment - Examples of application of 150 1404 1 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis, which is an adoption without modification of the identically titled IS0 (International Organization for Standardization) Technical Report 14049:2000 (first edition, 2000-03-1 5). under the auspices

21、 of IS0 Technical Committee 207. Canada plays a major role in this area. The Secretariat of ISO/TC 207 is held by CSA on behalf of Canadas member body in ISO, the Standards Council of Canada, and the Chair of TC 207 is Canadian. Standards through CSAs national consensus development forums. The CSA T

22、echnical Committee on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the source of Canadian experts for the IS0 14040 Standards. This Technical Committee provides expert input to the Canadian Advisory Committee to ISO/TC 207/SC 5 (CAC/ISO/TC 207/SC 5). In consultation with the LCA Technical Committee, CAC/ISO/TC 20

23、7/SC 5 is responsible for developing and submitting coordinated Canadian responses, comments, and voting actions on ISO/TC 207/SC 5 documents and helping to establish the Canadian position for delegates to take in international meetings. In proposing this Technical Report for adoption as a National

24、Standard of Canada, the CSA Technical Committee on LCA has approved the technical content of this Technical Report and supports it on a continuing basis, providing interpretations, updates and revisions, reaffirmations or withdrawals, as appropriate for Canadian stakeholders. This Technical Report w

25、as reviewed for Canadian adoption by the CSA Technical Committee on Life Cycle Assessment under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Environment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. A list of members of the Technical Committee is available upon request. This

26、 Technical Report has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. The IS0 14000 family of Standards was developed by environmental experts from around the world, Canadian stakeholders participate actively in the development of the IS0 14000 family of Internatio

27、nal May 200 7 0 Canadian Standards Association - 200 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. IS0 material is reprinted with permission. Where the words ”this International Standard” appear in the text,

28、 they should be interpreted as “this National Standard of Canada”. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association 1 78 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9 W 1 R3 ww.csa.ca 7-800-463-6727 41 6-747-4044 May 200 7 0 Canadian Standar

29、ds Association CSA/1 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14049 First edition 2000-03-1 5 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of IS0 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis Management environnemental - Analyse du cycle de vie - Exemples dapplication de IIS

30、O 14041 traitant de la dbfinition de Iobjectif et du champ dtitude et analyse de Iinventaire Reference number ISOITR 14049:2000( E) Q IS0 2000 ISO/TR 14049:2000(E) Q ISO2Ooo All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by a

31、ny means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IS0 at the address below or Sos member body in the country of the requester. IS0 copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 734 10 79 E-mail

32、copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch ii 0 IS0 2000 -All rights resewed ISOER 14049:2000(E) Contents Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Scope . i Technical Introduction i Examples of developing functions. functional units and reference flows 3 Examples of distinguishing functions of comparative systems . 6 Examples

33、 of establishing inputs and outputs of unit processes and system boundaries 10 Examples of avoiding allocation . 17 Examples of allocation 21 Example of applying allocation procedures for recycling . 24 Examples of conducting data quality assessment 34 Examples of performing sensitivity analysis . 3

34、9 0 IS0 2000 -All rights reserved iii lSO/TR 14O49:2000( E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical commit

35、tees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the In

36、ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISOAEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

37、Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different ki

38、nd from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art“, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the

39、 data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/TR 14049 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee SC 5, Life cycle assessment. iv 63 IS0 2000 - All rights reserved ISO/TR 14049:2000(E) Introduction The heightened awareness of the im

40、portance of environmental protection, and the possible impacts associated with products manufactured and consumed, has increased the interest in the development of methods to better comprehend and reduce these impacts. One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is Life Cycle Assessment (

41、LCA). To facilitate a harmonized approach, a family of standards on life cycle assessment (LCA), including IS0 14040, IS0 14041, IS0 14042 and IS0 14043 and this document are being developed by ISO. These International Standards describe principles of conducting and reporting LCA studies with certai

42、n minimal requirements. This Technical Report provides supplemental information to the International Standard, IS0 14041, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Goal and scope definition and life cycle inventory analysis, based on several examples on key areas of the Standard in order to

43、 enhance the understanding of the requirements of the standard. Methodological requirements for conducting LCA studies are provided in the following International Standards concerning the various phases of LCA: - IS0 14040: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework.

44、 - IS0 14041: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis. - IS0 14042: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Life cycle impact assessment. - IS0 14043: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Life cycle intetpretation.

45、0 IS0 2000- All rights reserved V TECHNICAL REPORT lSO/TR 14049:2000(E) Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of IS0 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis 1 Scope This Technical Report provides examples about practices in carrying out an Life

46、Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI) as a means of satisfying certain provisions of IS0 14041. These examples are only a sample of the possible cases satisfying the provisions of the standard. They should be read as offering “a way“ or “ways“ rather than the “unique way“ of applying the standard. Also the

47、y reflect only certain portions of an LCI study. It should be noted that the examples presented in this Technical Report are not exclusive and that many other examples exist to illustrate the methodological issues described. The examples are only portions of a complete LCI study. 2 Technical Introdu

48、ction The examples focus on six key areas of IS0 14041 as indicated in Table 1. In some key areas there is more than one example. The reason is that in many cases more than one practice exists. The decision about the application of one or the other practices is goal dependent and can vary e.g. from

49、the product system under investigation or in the stages over the life cycle. The examples are described in the context of the corresponding provisions of the standard and with the specific use. In the description of the different cases, whenever possible, the following structure has been adopted : - Context of the standard - Overview - Description of the examples 0 IS0 2000 -All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 14049:2000(E) Table 1 - Cross references between IS8 14041 and examples in this document IS0 14041 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative reference 3 Terms and definition