BS 6069-4 4-1993 Characterization of air quality - Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide - Performance characteristics of automate.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6069-4.4: 1993 ISO 7935:1992 Characterization of air quality Part 4: Stationary source emissions Section 4.4 Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Performance characteristics of automated measuring methods UDC 614.72:543.272.51BS6069-4.4:1993 This British Stan

2、dard, having been prepared under the directionof the Environment andPollution Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 May 1993 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPC/

3、35 Draft for comment 88/55353 DC ISBN 0 580 21767 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee (EPC/-) to Technical Committee EPC/35, upon which the following bodies were represen

4、ted: Association of Consulting Engineers British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel plc Department of Health Department of the Environment (Her Majestys Inspectorate of Pollution) Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Department of Trade and Industry (Wa

5、rren Spring Laboratory) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Health and Safety Executive Institute of Occupational Hygiene Institute of Petroleum Institution of Environmental Health Officers Institution of Gas Engineers Lead Development Association National Society f

6、or Clean Air Society of Chemical Industry The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Asbestos Information Centre Ltd. Asbestosis Research Council Chemical Industries Association Council for Environmental Conservation Engineering Equi

7、pment and Materials Users Association Fibre Cement Manufacturers Association Ltd. Institute of Occupational Medicine London Regional Transport Royal Society of Chemistry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6069-4.4:1993 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Insid

8、e front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Description of the automated measuring systems 2 5 Numerical values of performance characteristics and their applicability 4 Annex A (normative) Determination of main performance characteristics of automated meas

9、uring systems 5 Annex B (informative) Additional performance characteristics 8 Annex C (informative) Bibliography 8 Figure 1 Example of the components for the extractive method 3 Figure 2 Example of the components for the non-extractive method 4 Table 1 Main performance characteristics 1 Table 2 Fac

10、ilities and measuring ranges 1 Table B.1 Additional performance characteristics 8 List of references Inside back coverBS6069-4.4:1993 ii BSI 08-1999 National foreword This Section of BS6069 has been prepared under the direction of the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee and is ident

11、ical with ISO7935:1992 Stationary source emissions Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Performance characteristics of automated measuring methods. The international standard was prepared by Technical Committee146, Air quality, of the International Organization for Standardizati

12、on (ISO) with the active participation and approval of the UK. BS 6069 is being published in a series of Parts and Sections that will generally correspond to particular International Standards arising from the UK participation in the work of ISO/TC146. This Section of BS6069 is one of several relati

13、ng to stationary source emissions that are being published as Sections of Part 4: Methods concerning workplace atmospheres are being published as Sections of Part3of BS6069. Topics relating to other aspects of air quality characterization will be published as further Parts or Sections of BS6069. The

14、 following Parts of BS6069 have already been published: Part 1: Units of measurement; Part 2: Glossary. Methods for the determination of particular consitituents of ambient air are being published as Parts of BS1747 Methods for the measurement of air pollution. The Technical Committee has reviewed t

15、he provisions of ISO6879, to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. Textual error. When adopting the text of the International Standard, the following textual error was discovered. It has been marked in the t

16、ext and has been reported to ISO in a proposal to amend the text of the International Standard. In Table 1, note2, line5, “HN” should read “HF”. Additional information. Further information on the sampling of flue gases (stationary source emissions) may be found inBS1756-1:1971. A British Standard ba

17、sed on an ISO Standard is under development on this subject. Under UK conditions, a typical measuring range for sulfur dioxide in furnaces for hard coal fitted with stack gas desulfuration plant would be0g/m 2to0.5g/m 2(Table 2). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provi

18、sions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International Standard Corresponding British Standard BS 6069 Characterization of air quality I

19、SO 7934:1989 Section 4.1:1990 Method for the determination of sulphur dioxide: Hydrogen peroxide/barium perchlorate/Thorin method (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standa

20、rd has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6069-4.4:1993 BSI 08-1999 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a complete set of values of performance characteristics for automated

21、 measuring systems for the continuous measurement of the mass concentrations of sulfur dioxide in stationary source emissions. NOTE 1If the performance characteristics of an automated measuring system are listed according toTable 1, this ensures that the automated measuring system is reliable and gi

22、ves satisfactory continuous results. The set of data listed inTable 1 refers to the performance characteristics of measurement methods, including all steps from sampling to recording and, if necessary, storage of data. This International Standard is applicable to extractive and non-extractive automa

23、ted sulfur dioxide measuring methods. For both methods it implies the applicability of zero and calibration gas and the availability of comparable samples. The automated measuring system can be calibrated with calibration gases, by applying the manual method described in ISO7934, or by applying an a

24、utomated measuring system previously verified according to this International Standard using a different principle of detection. The value of the integral performance(3.7) is determined by using ISO7934 or an automated measuring system verified according to this International Standard with a differe

25、nt principle of detection. At present, the range over which this specification applies is between0g/m 3to0,1g/m 3and0g/m 3to8g/m 3(seeTable 2 for details). NOTE 2Although it is impossible to give precise testing details, the requirements and testing principles are also applicable to non-extractive s

26、ystems. Table 1 Main performance characteristics The facilities at which the values of the performance characteristics given inTable 1 have been verified according to this International Standard in the appropriate ranges are listed inTable 2. Table 2 Facilities and measuring ranges b 2 Normative ref

27、erences The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International

28、Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6879:1983, Air quality Performance characteristics and related concepts for air qual

29、ity measuring methods. ISO 7934:1989, Stationary source emissions Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Hydrogen peroxide/barium perchlorate/Thorin method. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 automated measuring syst

30、em (AMS) a complete system that may be attached to a chimney to continuously measure and record the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide passing through the chimney 3.2 analyser analytical part in an extractive AMS Performance characteristics Numerical value Test methods (seeAnnex A) Detection limit

31、 2 % A.4.2.1.1 Effect of interfering substances 2 % a A.4.2.1.2 Response time u 200 s c A.4.2.1.3 Integral performance (s A ) 2,5 % ad A.4.2.2 a Related to the upper limit of measurement. b The main interfering substances in the flue gas from combustion plants are CO 2 , CO, NO, H 2 O and, in smalle

32、r concentrations, NO 2and NH 3 . If the water vapour is not removed from the flue gas of coal and waste fired incinerators, HCl and HN* may also interfere. In special cases there may be other interfering substances (e.g.cyanide). c Assuming an integration time of 30 min. d See 3.7. * See national fo

33、reword for details of textual error. Facility Measuring range g/m 3of SO 2 a Furnaces for hard coal 0 1 to 0 8 Furnaces for hard coal with stack gas desulfuration plant 0 to 0,1 b Furnaces for brown coal 0 0,1 to 0 3,0 Furnaces for heavy fuel oil 0 0,1 to 0 5,0 Refuse incinerator 0 0,4 to 0 1,0 Coke

34、 oven 0 to 1 Calcar with heavy fuel oil 0 to 5 Sulfuric acid recovery plant 0 to 1 a Related to 101,3 kPa, 273K and dry gas. b See national foreword for additional information.BS6069-4.4:1993 2 BSI 08-1999 3.3 verified AMS AMS previously verified in ISO 7935 3.4 calibration gas a gas of known and re

35、liable composition that may be used to check the response of an AMS 3.5 comparative measurements measurements that are performed in the same chimney in the same sampling plane for the same period of time 3.6 manual method the test method defined in ISO7934 for the manual sampling and analysis of sta

36、tionary source emissions containing sulfur dioxide 3.7 integral performance, s A the integral performance is a measure of the working accuracy of the AMS. It is calculated according to the formula for standard deviations the integral performance is derived from the difference in the pairs of measure

37、d values of sulfur dioxide by the AMS under investigation, and by an ISO manual method or a verified AMS of different measuring principle on the basis of a sufficient number of comparative measurements spread over the period of unattended operation (seeAnnex A) NOTE 3It is not possible to determine

38、the standard deviation of an AMS under repeatable working conditions because commercially available calibration gas mixtures containing sulfur dioxide do not have all the properties of actual waste gas and do not cover all possible influences; the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide in waste gas us

39、ually varies with time; it is not possible to maintain the properties of a waste gas present in the waste gas flue when it is transferred into a vessel. NOTE 4The reason that the integral performance is defined as a measure of the working accuracy, is that it contains, in addition to random errors,

40、all the effects of interfering substances, changes in temperature and power line as well as zero drifts and span drifts. It also includes the standard deviation of the ISO manual method or the verified AMS using a different principle of detection, which can be determined separately and eliminated if

41、 necessary. Furthermore, it includes the effects, for the different methods, of a different response time to variations in the composition of the waste gas. The integral performance defined in this subclause is an upper limiting value for the AMS. Relevant systematic errors of the measured values of

42、 the ISO manual method, or the verified AMS using a different principle of detection, have to be known and taken into account. 3.8 chimney stack or final exit duct on a stationary process used for the dispersion of residual process gases 3.9 mass concentration the concentration of a substance in an

43、emission, expressed in milligrams per cubic metre or grams per cubic metre 3.10 stationary source emissions those waste gases that have been emitted from a stationary plant or process and are exhausted to a chimney for dispersion into the atmosphere 4 Description of the automated measuring systems 4

44、.1 Introduction There are two types of automated measuring systems: extractive methods; non-extractive methods, known as in-situ or cross-duct measuring methods. Examples of the components of these systems are given inFigure 1 andFigure 2. Using the extractive method, the representative gas sample i

45、s taken from the stack with a sampling probe and conveyed to the analyser through the sample line and sample gas conditioning system. The values determined are often recorded or stored by means of electronic data processing. The non-extractive method does not require any sample processing. In additi

46、on, it takes into consideration a larger part of the waste gas. Most of the methods described in4.2 and4.3 are able to determine sulfur dioxide specifically. Methods which rely on conductometry determine total sulfur oxides. 4.2 Extractive methods The extractive methods enable separation of the samp

47、ling and analysis parts, thereby facilitating maintenance operations. The main parts are a sample probe; a sample line; a gas conditioning system; an analytical part. Certain extractive methods also include sample dilution. The sample probe is placed inside the duct containing gaseous effluents. The

48、 choice of locations may sometimes be difficult, since the measurement to be made needs to be representative and calibration should be possible.BS6069-4.4:1993 BSI 08-1999 3 The design of the sample probe and the gas conditioning system essentially depends on physicochemical characteristics (composi

49、tion of the gaseous phase, particle concentration, temperature, water dew point, etc.) of the effluents to be analysed and the principle of the analyser used. Since particulate matter and humidity may influence the measurement, the line contains a particulate filter and a humidity elimination device. In order to limit sulfur dioxide losses and inconsistent readings, the line is frequently heated. The analytical detection methods most commonly used are absorption, using infrared or ultraviolet radiation, fluo