ASTM E2675-2009(2014) Standard Practice for Property Management System Outcomes《资产管理体制成果的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2675 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forProperty Management System Outcomes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associatedwith a property management system. It is a measure ofachievement rather than proce

3、ss, and is descriptive rather thanprescriptive.1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, orstates of being produced as a result or consequence of a plan,process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence.1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, orrecording

4、of activity or effort and can be expressed in aquantitative or qualitative manner.1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results ofa program activity compared to its intended purpose.1.5 Consistent with Practice E2452, these outcomes aregrouped into process management outcomes and operationa

5、loutcomes.1.5.1 Although they may be directly related, strategies andtactics should not be confused with outcomes. Strategies arelong-term plans of action designed to achieve a particular goal.Tactics are maneuvers or actions calculated to achieve someend. For example, increasing exercise is a strat

6、egy to attain thegoal or outcome of fitness. Running is a supporting tactic toachieve the goal or outcome of fitness. Other tactics or groupsof tactics may achieve the same outcome. On the other hand, asthe definition of outcome indicates, tactics are not required forattaining outcomes. For example,

7、 fitness may be an unplannedresult of a job requiring physical exertion.1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level,with limited discussion of each outcome or components of eachoutcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current andpotential additional standards. A cross reference

8、 relating cur-rent standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5, are listedin the following:1.7.1 Process Management Outcomes:1.7.1.1 Outcome 1Mission Support1.7.1.2 Outcome 2Accounting and Accountability1.7.1.3 Outcome 3Information Management1.7

9、.1.4 Outcome 4Planning1.7.1.5 Outcome 5Relationships1.7.2 Operational Outcomes:1.7.2.1 Outcome 6Property Functionality1.7.2.2 Outcome 7Resource Optimization1.7.2.3 Outcome 8Property Visibility1.7.2.4 Outcome 9Safety and Security1.7.2.5 Outcome 10Installation, Movement, and Storage1.8 In Section 5, a

10、 rating scale is provided to quantify in auniform manner achievement of outcomes and outcome com-ponents.1.9 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279,clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and trackingof property and may provide an enhanced basis for makingdecisions surroundi

11、ng both property and property managementsystems.1.10 This practice is intended to be applicable and appro-priate for all property-holding entities.1.11 This practice covers tangible property as defined inTerminology E2135. Consistent with the nomenclature used,individual portions of the practice may

12、 be applicable to morelimited subsets of tangible property, for example to equipmentand not to material.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and

13、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2131 Practice forAddressing and Reporting Loss, Damage,or Destruction of Tangible PropertyE2132 Practice for Inventory Verification: Electronic and1This practice is u

14、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E53 on AssetManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E53.05 on PropertyManagement Maturity.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E267509. DOI:10.1520

15、/E2675-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Physical Inventory of AssetsE2135 Terminology for Property and Asset ManagementE2221 Practice for Administrative Control of Property(Withdrawn 2011)3E2279 Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles ofProperty ManagementE2306 Pra

17、ctice for Disposal of Personal PropertyE2378 Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or RetiredPersonal PropertyE2379 Practice for Property Management for Career Devel-opment and Training (Withdrawn 2013)3E2452 Practice for Equipment Management Process Matu-rity (EMPM) ModelE2453 Practice for Deter

18、mining the Life-Cycle Cost ofOwnership of Personal PropertyE2495 Practice for Prioritizing Asset Resources inAcquisition, Utilization, and DispositionE2497 Practice for Calculation of Asset Movement Velocity(AMV)E2499 Practice for Classification of Asset Physical LocationInformationE2605 Practice fo

19、r Receiving AssetsE2606 Practice for Receipt Notification as a Result ofTangible Asset MovementE2607 Practice for Cannibalization/Reclamation of Service-able Equipment Components to Support Demand Require-mentsE2608 Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definiti

20、ons relating to property andasset management, refer to Terminology E2135.3.1.1 asset, n(1) anything owned having monetary value;(2) tangible or intangible items owned by an entity that haveprobable economic benefits that can be obtained or controlledby the entity. (E2135)3.1.2 best value, nexpected

21、outcome of an acquisition thatprovides the greatest overall benefit in response to the require-ment.3.1.3 information management, ncollection and manage-ment of information from one or more sources and thedistribution of that information to one or more audiences.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis sometimes invo

22、lves those whohave a stake in or a right to that information. Managementmeans the organization of and control over the structure,processing, and delivery of information.3.1.4 operations, nexercise of the tasks that constituteequipment management. (E2452)3.1.5 opportunity, nconcept that denotes a pot

23、ential posi-tive impact.3.1.6 opportunity assessment, nassessing external condi-tions that are helpful to achieving objectives.3.1.7 opportunity management, nmanaging external con-ditions that are helpful to achieving objectives.3.1.8 outcome, ninformation, event, object, or state ofbeing produced a

24、s a result or consequence of a plan, process,accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence.3.1.9 outcome measure, nan assessment of the results of aprogram activity compared to its intended purpose.3.1.10 output measure, nthe tabulation, calculation, orrecording of activity or effort and c

25、an be expressed in aquantitative or qualitative manner.3.1.11 process management, nplanning and administeringthe activities necessary to achieve a desired level of perfor-mance and identifying opportunities for improving quality,operational performance, and ultimately, customer satisfaction.(E2135)3

26、.1.11.1 DiscussionIt involves design, control, and im-provement of key business processes.3.1.12 property functionality, nset of functions that anasset is able or equipped to perform.3.1.13 property management system, nsubset of existingorganizational processes related to the lifecycle management of

27、property. (E2135)3.1.13.1 DiscussionThese processes represent sound prac-tice and are compliant with applicable standards, policies,regulations, and contractual requirements.3.1.14 record utility, noverall measure of structured prop-erty records based on the usefulness of stored, standardized,and ap

28、propriately available information of sufficient accuracyand reliability to respond reasonably to entity requirements ina timely manner.3.1.15 resource optimization, nproperty management sys-tem outcome characterized by the minimization of assetholdings while assuring entity requirements for assets a

29、re met.3.1.16 return on investment, nearning power of assetsmeasured as the ratio of the net income (profit less deprecia-tion) to the average capital used (or equity capital) in a firm orproject. (Online Business Dictionary4)3.1.16.1 DiscussionUsually expressed as a percentage, itis a measure of th

30、e profitability that (while not taking the timevalue of money into account) indicates whether or not a firm isusing its resources in an efficient manner.3.1.17 risk, nconcept that denotes a potential negativeimpact.3.1.18 risk assessment, ndetermination of quantitative orqualitative value of risk re

31、lated to a concrete situation and arecognized threat.3.1.18.1 DiscussionRisk assessment is considered as theinitial and recurring step in a risk management process.3.1.19 risk management, nstructured approach to manag-ing uncertainty through risk assessment, developing strategiesto manage it, and mi

32、tigation of risk using managerial resources.3.1.19.1 DiscussionStrategies include transferring the riskto another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effectof the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of aparticular risk.3The last approved version of this historical standar

33、d is referenced onwww.astm.org.4The Online Business Dictionary, s.v. “return on investment,” http:/ (accessed February 1, 2009).E2675 09 (2014)23.1.20 strategy, nlong-term plan of action designed toachieve a particular goal.3.1.21 sustainability, nsystem of actions, projected to beviable on an ongoi

34、ng basis.3.1.22 system level outcome, noutcomes based on thepolicies, procedures, and tools that are in place to manageproperty, regardless of ownership.3.1.23 tactic, nmaneuver or action calculated to achievesome end.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 ECMequipment control matrix3.2.2 EMPMequipment management proce

35、ss maturity3.2.3 FARFederal Acquisition Regulation3.2.4 LDDloss, damage, and destruction4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associatedwith a property management system.4.2 Care should be taken not to confuse tactics with theoutcomes described in this practice. Tact

36、ics are a means to anend. Outcomes are an end.4.3 What is being measured is achievement, not process.4.4 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding andcommunication of the outcomes associated with a propertymanagement system. As additional standards are added, com-parisons on this basis to

37、other property management systemscan be further enabled.4.5 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, mayprovide an enhanced basis for making decisions surroundingboth property and property management systems.4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additionalstandard practices re

38、lated to or based on the terms and conceptsin the outcomes and outcome components.4.7 In particular, this practice may suggest a standard forpersonal and management skills useful in efforts to achievethese outcomes.5. Property Management System Outcomes5.1 Process Management OutcomesProcess manageme

39、ntoutcomes are system level outcomes.5.1.1 Outcome 1: Mission Support:5.1.1.1 Outcome Component 1.1: Mission SupportTheProperty Management System should support the mission ofthe entity of which it is a part.5.1.2 Outcome 2: Accounting and AccountabilityThereare four outcome components of Outcome 2:

40、 (2.1) propertyaccountability and responsibility, (2.2) best value, (2.3)accounting/financial management, and (2.4) effectiveness andefficiency.5.1.2.1 Outcome Component 2.1: Property Accountabilityand ResponsibilityProperty management is concerned withthe management of specific rights and responsib

41、ilities associ-ated with individual assets and groups of assets available to theentity for use. These specific rights and responsibilities are asubset of the total bundle of rights and responsibilities of theproperty owner or assignee that have been conveyed to theentity. This includes internal orga

42、nizational, sub-organizational, and individual responsibility for property usedor assigned.5.1.2.2 Outcome Component 2.2: Best ValueBest valueincludes the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness. The entityseeks the best value in the long term in the use and mainte-nance of property (Practice E2279

43、).5.1.2.3 Outcome Component 2.3: Accounting/FinancialManagementThis includes accurate and timely financialrecognition and accounting.5.1.2.4 Outcome Component 2.4: Effectiveness andEffciencyProperty management practices must seek, whenviewed in totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point a

44、twhich benefits exceed the costs of operation (Practice E2279).5.1.3 Outcome 3: Information ManagementThere are twomajor components of Outcome 3: (3.1) record utility and (3.2)reporting.5.1.3.1 Outcome Component 3.1: Record Utility:(1) Record utility is an overall measure of structuredproperty recor

45、ds based on the usefulness of stored,standardized, and appropriately available information of suffi-cient accuracy and reliability to reasonably respond to entityrequirements in a timely manner. In other words, the outcomeis appropriately useful record information based on the controlclass of the pr

46、operty asset or class of property and otherfactors. One facet of record utility as an outcome is simplyhaving the right data when it is needed. The optimal recordutility outcome is collecting and storing the proper data sowhen information is requested there is neither a delay nor aspecial data call

47、required to fulfill the request. Excessivestorage, standardization, or availability of information may beinefficient and ineffective.(2) While conducting a physical inventory is a tactic, anoutcome of a physical inventory could be physical inventoryaccuracy. However, such a potential outcome is a li

48、mitedsnapshot produced by a process that of course has its ownaccuracy concerns. A more consistent and dependable outcomewould then perhaps be record accuracy. In accordance withPractice E2608, not all items are tracked to the same level ofcontrol or accuracy. Therefore, extending the concepts ofPra

49、ctices E2279 and E2608, a more meaningful outcome hereis record utility. For example, identification (tagging) is a tacticto support record utility. In accordance with Practice E2608,some property may appropriately not be tagged nor havecontrol records created.5.1.3.2 Outcome Component 3.2: ReportingFullyscalable, flexible, responsive strategic and tactical reportingcapability, available as needed, where needed. Reporting in-cludes individual item reports, summary reports, and metrics. Italso includes co