ASTM A488 A488M-2017 Standard Practice for Steel Castings Welding Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel《钢铸件焊接工艺和人员资格评定的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: A488/A488M 16A488/A488M 17Standard Practice forSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures andPersonnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A488/A488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practi

3、ce covers the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castingsby electric arc welding.1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the operator or welder under Section IX of theASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code shall automatically quali

4、fy the procedure and either or both the operator or welder under this practice. P-numberdesignations in the ASME grouping of base metals for qualification may be different than the category numbers listed in Table 1.Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of ASTM category numbers with the correspondin

5、g ASME P-Number designations.1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests requiredto qualify his welding procedures, welders, and operators.1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of welding procedure qual

6、ification tests (Fig. 1), welder or operatorperformance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available to thepurchasers representative on request.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as s

7、tandard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.1.4.1 SI UnitsWithin the text, the SI units are shown in brackets

8、.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This interna

9、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commit

10、tee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General ApplicationA128/A128M Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic ManganeseA148/A148M Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural PurposesA216/A216M Specification for St

11、eel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium

12、-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castin

13、gs.Current edition approved March 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published March 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 asA488/A488M 12.A488/A488M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0488_A0488M-16.10.1520/A0488_A0488M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.a

14、stm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what

15、changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the o

16、fficial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Categories of Base MaterialsCategoryNumber Material DescriptionASTMSpecification Grades1 Carbon

17、steel (carbon less than0.35 %, tensile strength lessA27/A27M all gradesthan or equal to 70 ksi 480 MPa) A216/A216M WCA, WCBthan or equal to 70 ksi 485 MPa) A216/A216M WCA, WCBA352/A352M LCB, LCAA356/A356M 1A732/A732M 1A, 2AA757/A757M A1QA958 SC 1020, SC 1025, SC 1030, CLASSES 65/35,70/36A958/A958M S

18、C 1020, SC 1025, SC 1030, CLASSES 65/35,70/362 Carbon steel (tensile strengthgreater than 70 ksi 480 MPa).A148/A148M 80-402 Carbon steel (tensile strengthgreater than 70 ksi 485 MPa).A148/A148M 80-40Carbon-manganese steel (tensilestrength equal to or greater than70 ksi 485 MPa).A216/A216M WCCbut les

19、s than 90 ksi 620 MPa). A352/A352M LCCA732/A732M 2Q, 3AA757/A757M A2QA958 SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CLASSES 80/40,80/50A958/A958M SC 1030, SC 1040, SC 1045, CLASSES 80/40,80/503 Carbon and carbon-manganesesteel (tensile strength equal to orA732/A732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5Ngreater than 90 ksi 620 MPa). A958

20、 SC 1045, CLASSES 90/60, 105/85, 115/95greater than 90 ksi 620 MPa). A958/A958M SC 1045, CLASSES 90/60, 105/85, 115/954 Low-alloy steel (annealed,normalized, or normalized andtempered.A148/A148M 80-50Tensile strength less than 85 ksi585 MPa).A217/A217M WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9A352/A352M LC1, LC2, LC3

21、, LC4A356/A356M 2, 5, 6, 8A389/A389M C23, C24A487/A487M 11A, 12A, 16AA757/A757M B2N, B3N, B4NA958 SC 4130, SC 4140, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/50A958/A958M SC 4130, SC 4140, SC 8620, SC 8625, SC 8630,CLASSES 65/35, 70/36, 80/40, 80/505 Low-alloy steel (annealed,normali

22、zed, or normalized andtempered.A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85Tensile strength equal to or greaterthan 85 ksi 585 MPa).A217/A217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11A356/A356M 9, 10, 12A487/A487M 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A,13AA732/A732M 6N, 15AA757/A757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3A958 SC 4340, CLA

23、SSES 90/60, 105/85A958/A958M SC 4340, CLASSES 90/60, 105/856 Low-alloy steel (quenched andtempered)A148/A148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125,150-135, 160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180,210-180L, 260-210, 260-210LA352/A352M LC2-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9A487/A487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D

24、, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14AA732/A732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14QA757/A757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3A488/A488M 172A352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suita

25、ble for Low-Temperature ServiceA356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam TurbinesA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for

26、 Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature ServiceTABLE 1 ContinuedCategoryNumber Material DescriptionASTMSpecification GradesA958 SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 8620, SC 8

27、625,SC 8630, CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125,150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/180A958/A958M SC 4140, SC 4130, SC 4340, SC 8620, SC 8625,SC 8630, CLASSES 115/95, 130/115, 135/125,150/135, 160/145, 165/150, 210/1807 Ferritic stainless steel A743/A743M CB-30, CC-508 Martensitic stainless steel A217/A217

28、M CA-15A352/A352M CA6NMA356/A356M CA6NMA487/A487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,CA6NM-A, CA6NM-BA743/A743M CA-15, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-40, CA6N, CB6A757/A757M E3N9 Low-carbon austenitic stainlesssteel (carbon equal to or less than0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN,CK-3MCUN,

29、CG3M, CN3MNA743/A743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M,CG3M, CN3MNA744/A744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M, CN3MN10 Unstabilized austenitic stainlesssteel (carbon greater than 0.03 %)A351/A351M CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, CF-10M, CG-8M,CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN, CF10SMNN,CE20NA447/A447M Type IA743

30、/A743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F,CF10SMNN, CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, CG6MMN,CH10, CF16FaA744/A744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A297/A297M HG10MNMA351/A351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,CN-7M, CT-15CA447/A447M Type IIA743/A743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-

31、20A744/A744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainlesssteelA872/A872M J93183, J93550A890/A890M 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6AA995/A995M 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A13 Precipitation-hardened austeniticstainless steelA747/A747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-214 Nickel-base alloys A494/A494M CW-12MW, CY-40

32、Class 1, CY-40 Class 2,CZ-100, M-35-1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M,CW-6M, CW-2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUCA990 CW2MA990/A990M CW2M15 Steel Castings, Austenitic Manga-neseA128/A128M A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, C, D, E-1, E-2, FA488/A488M 173FIG. 1 Report Form 1A488/A488M 174FIG. 2 Report Form 2A488/A488M 17

33、5REPORT FORM 3RECOMMENDED FORM FOR WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION1. TitleWelding of A steel castings.A Indicate general material description, such as carbon, Cr-Mo, 12 Cr, etc.2. Specification No. Rev.Date3. Scope3.1 Procedure Specification No. covers the welding ofAsteel castings using theB weldin

34、g process.A Indicate general material description in the Title.B Indicate specific welding process, such as shielded metal arc, etc.4. Base Material4.1 The base material shall conform to the specification forAwhich is found in materials category numberB .A Insert reference to ASTM designation or ind

35、icate chemical analysis andphysical properties.B Indicate category number from Table 1.4.2 Base material shall be in theA heat treated condition beforewelding.A Indicate heat treatment before welding.5. Filler Metal5.1 The filler metal shall conform to ANSI/AWS SpecificationAwhich is found in weld m

36、etal analysis group A B.A Indicate appropriate American Welding Society specification number andfiller metal classification (e.g., A5.1 E7018).B Indicate A Number from Table 4.5.2 Flux for submerged arc welding shall conform to the following nominalcomposition:A .A Indicate chemical composition or t

37、rade designation.5.3 Shielding gas for gas shielded arc welding shall conform to thefollowing nominal composition: A .A Indicate the single gas or proportional parts of mixed gases and flow rates.6. Preparation of Base Material6.1 Metal removal shall be performed byA .A Indicate method of metal remo

38、val, such as chipping, grinding, carbon arccutting, frame cutting, etc. Also indicate whether preheat is required duringmetal removal.6.2 Configuration of the weld preparation for partial penetration weldsshall conform to the following geometry:A .A Indicate minimum root radius and minimum side wall

39、 angle.6.3 Configuration of the weld preparation for full penetration welds shallconform to the following geometry:A .A Indicate minimum side wall angle.6.4 Backing plates shall be used for welding full penetration welds.Backing plates shall be made fromA steel and shall fit the back ofthe cavity wi

40、th a minimum gap ofB .A Indicate material of backing plate.B Indicate dimension of maximum gap.6.5 Surfaces of the weld preparation shall be cleaned of all oil, grease,dirt, scale, slag, shot blasting grit, or any foreign material which maybe harmful to the quality of the weld. Surfaces of backing p

41、lateswhen used shall also meet the same cleanliness requirements.6.6 All surfaces of the weld preparation shall be inspected asfollows:A .A Indicate type of inspection.7. Preheat7.1 Preheat and interpass temperature shall be maintained in the rangefromA toB during C.A Indicate minimum temperature.B

42、Indicate maximum temperature.C Indicate if preheat maintenance is during welding or until postweld heattreatment is performed.7.2 Preheat for tack welding of backing plates is the same as requiredfor welding.7.3 Minimum temperature before applying heat shall beA .A Indicate temperature.7.4 Local pre

43、heating to the temperatures indicated may be performedso that the heated area completely surrounds the weld preparation for aminimum distance ofA in any direction.A Indicate minimum distance for local preheating.8. Welding Position8.1 Welds shall be made in theA position.A Indicate position or posit

44、ions in which the welding will be performed. SeeFig. 4.9. Electrical Characteristics9.1 The current used shall be A. The base material shall be attachedto the B welding electrode lead.A Indicate whether direct or alternating current. If direct, state whethernon-pulsed or pulsed. If pulsed, state fre

45、quency.B Indicate whether electrode positive (EP) or electrode negative (EN) outputterminal of power supply is used.ElectrodeWireDiameterA AmperageA RangeA VoltageAA Indicate for each diameter of electrode, the amperage, the range ofamperage permitted, and the voltage requirements. For welding proce

46、ssesusing wire, indicate wire diameter, wire feed speed, and current requirements.9.2 Electrodes subject to moisture absorption must be stored and handledto maintain dryness according to the following:A .A Where applicable, indicate electrode care instructions.10. Welding Details10.1 The width of an

47、y pass of welding shall not exceedA timesthe size of the filler metal used.A Indicate the number for controlling the maximum width.10.2 Craters shall be properly filled before each interruption of the arc.10.3 Slag or flux shall be removed on any bead before depositing thenext successive bead.10.4 I

48、nterpass inspection shall be performed according to the following:A.A Indicate degree of interpass inspection required.10.5 Peening shall be performed according to the following:A .A Indicate the degree of peening required. Indicate any limits on peeningfirst and last layers.11. Post-Weld Heat Treat

49、ment11.1 Post-weld heat treatment shall consist of the following:A .A Indicate the heating and cooking rates, holding temperatures and times.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the completed weld shall be performed according tothe following:A .A Indicate degree of inspection.FIG. 3 Report Form 3A488/A488M 176A487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure ServiceA494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel AlloyA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt