【考研类试卷】考研英语-436及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-436 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、The American idea th(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.ThusB.ButC.WhereasD.Furthermore2.（分数：0.50）A.whenB.whileC.whereD.that3.（分数：0.50）A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.how4.（分数：0.50）A.attackB.praiseC.emphasisD.way5.（分数：0.50）A.anywayB.somehowC.s

2、omewhatD.however6.（分数：0.50）A.condescendB.transformC.convertD.transcend7.（分数：0.50）A.listB.nameC.recallD.rank8.（分数：0.50）A.servesB.involvesC.mattersD.works9.（分数：0.50）A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.less than10.（分数：0.50）A.paidB.constitutedC.contributedD.comprised11.（分数：0.50）A.asB.whichC.thatD.what

3、12.（分数：0.50）A.aptitudeB.latitudeC.longitudeD.gratitude13.（分数：0.50）A.urgeB.reluctantC.longD.hesitate14.（分数：0.50）A.importantB.seriousC.worseD.better15.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.onC.toD.for16.（分数：0.50）A.isntB.doesC.isD.doesnt17.（分数：0.50）A.ascribeB.attributeC.subscribeD.prescribe18.（分数：0.50）A.actB.playC.imposeD.pe

4、rform19.（分数：0.50）A.almostB.merelyC.scarcelyD.seldom20.（分数：0.50）A.admireB.despiseC.regardD.enjoy三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, the ruling families（分数：2.00）A.tried to destroy the lower and m

5、iddle classes using etiquette.B.discriminated against the lower class using etiquette.C.tried to teach etiquette to the lower and middle classes.D.put the middle and working classes into fenced enclosures.22.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements.（分数：2.00）A.practical rules, optional mo

6、ral duties and formal compliments.B.rules, regulations and requirements.C.optional moral duties, optional practical rules and artificial graces.D.formal compliments, basic moral duties and practical rule.23.Etiquette cultivated as art of gracious living（分数：2.00）A.has been typical of rich and leisure

7、d societies.B.advocates that women are the same as men.C.began in nineteenth-century Provence.D.looks down on extremely refined behaviour.24.The custom of young men bowing to show respect when passing the dwellings of their elders was cited as a characteristic of（分数：2.00）A.the ancient Egyptians.B.pa

8、rts of Tanzania.C.England about a century ago.D.all societies.25.The ideals of chivalry demanded that（分数：2.00）A.a knight should never have physical relationship with women.B.a knight should inspire his lady to valiant deeds.C.a knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a woman.D.romantic people sh

9、ould influence literature.六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.What does “S. P. Q. R“ suggest according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.It suggests that The Roman Senate was elected by the people and governed the people.B.It suggests that The Roman Senate was the highest authority.C.It suggests that it was the people,

10、 not government, who held the power and right of the country.D.It suggest that the Roman Republic functioned a democracy the same as America.27.In the last paragraph, Roman expansion was described vividly, what is the base of the expasion?（分数：2.00）A.Military conquestB.Superior military strategyC.The

11、 scientific structure of the societyD.Advanced culture28.What kind of social form immediately followed the Roman Republic Age?（分数：2.00）A.feudalismB.Etruscan dominationC.socialismD.impericalism29.What does the word “patrician“ mean in the second sentence of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.PatronB.Sup

12、porterC.GovernmentalD.Aristocrat30.Which of the following hold the most important position in the Senate?（分数：2.00）A.ConsulsB.PlebsC.PeopleD.Patres七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.According to the text ,the theater（分数：2.00）A.first appeared in England.B.follows two classical rules.C.were only sponsored by t

13、he nobility.D.had various types.32.Which of the following statements may not be the reason for Shakespeares success?（分数：2.00）A.He lived in the Elizabethan Age.B.He was quite wealthy.C.He had broad interest.D.He was experienced in acting and theater management.33.The underlined word “patronized“ in t

14、he last paragraph means（分数：2.00）A.enjoyed.B.encouraged.C.sponsored.D.promoted.34.Shakespeares plays were（分数：2.00）A.enjoyable to all the classes of society.B.performed all day long.C.presented on stage wagons.D.the copies of the Latin and Greek plays.35.Which of the following is not true about the El

15、izabethan England?（分数：2.00）A.Broad interests and creativity flourished.B.English people began to travel to the Continent.C.The theater was the most prominent art form.D.England was no longer an island kingdom.八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.What is the dominating obstacle in the process of EAMU?（分数：2.00）

16、A.The political resolve.B.The imbalance in Asian economic development.C.The cultural differences.D.The historical and geographic conflicts.37.Which of the following statements can best indicate the authors attitude?（分数：2.00）A.The lack of political resolve renders an EAMU impossible.B.An EAMU is prac

17、tical in the long run despite their regional differences.C.Monetary union proves to be successful in Singapore and Brunei.D.Monetary union in East Asia can come true in the short run because of economic cooperation.38.It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.We can apply the same framework of

18、 EMU to an EAMU.B.Sovereignty will be lost in the process of regional integration.C.Singapore and Brunei have been in a monetary union.D.Current economic disparities are insurmountable to an EAMU.39.The text is mainly about（分数：2.00）A.The obstacles of an East Asian Monetary Union (EAMU).B.The impossi

19、bility of an EAMU in the short run.C.The prospect of an EAMU.D.The comparison between EAMU and EMU.40.The underlined word “breached“ in the last sentence of the text could best be replaced by（分数：2.00）A.Enlarged.B.Deepened.C.Flatted.D.Eliminated.九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Held up to ridicule(总题数：5，分数：1

20、0.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Through necessity, J(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.You should

21、write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52. （分数：20.00）_考研英语-436 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、The American

22、 idea th(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.ThusB.But C.WhereasD.Furthermore解析：解析 联系上下文，这里是表示转折关系，只有BBut 符合题意。AThus 表因果关系， CWhereas 与DFurthermore 表递进关系。2.（分数：0.50）A.whenB.while C.whereD.that解析：解析 联系上下文，这里是表示对比语义关系，只有B while 符合题意。3.（分数：0.50）A.whether B.thatC.whyD.how解析：解析 call into question 使人对产生怀疑。根据前后文判断

23、只有A符合句意。4.（分数：0.50）A.attack B.praiseC.emphasisD.way解析：解析 under attack 被攻击。praise 赞美，赞扬。emphasis 强调(对事物重要性等方面的)或(事实等)的重点、重要性。5.（分数：0.50）A.anywayB.somehowC.somewhatD.however 解析：解析 however。根据下文内容，这里是一种转折关系。因为 hard work 现在不再受重视。6.（分数：0.50）A.condescendB.transformC.convertD.transcend 解析：解析 transcend 超越。可和

24、 over 连用，表示“超越”。如 There is no literature(文学)that transcends over classes7.（分数：0.50）A.listB.nameC.recallD.rank 解析：解析 rank 把分等；把评级。list 不符合下文的意思。8.（分数：0.50）A.servesB.involvesC.matters D.works解析：解析 matters 事情，Aserves 服务，Binvolves 涉及，Dworks 作品。9.（分数：0.50）A.more thanB.rather than C.other thanD.less than解

25、析：解析 rather than 而不是。other than 不同于，非。例：The truth is quite other than what you think相当于“be different from”10.（分数：0.50）A.paidB.constitutedC.contributed D.comprised解析：解析 从词义的角度讲，这里只能选C contributed，与 to 搭配在一起，表达“有助于”之意。这里再补充讲解与 contribute 形近的词汇的语义辨析，即： attribute 把归因于，把(过错、责任等)归于，例：She attributes her su

26、ccess to hard work and a bit of luck她认为她的成功是由于勤奋加上一点儿运气而得来的。 contribute 捐款；有助于，例：He contributed $5 to the charity every payday他每逢发薪日都捐 5 美元给慈善事业。distribute 分发，分配；散布，例：Please distribute the books to the students请把书发给学生。11.（分数：0.50）A.as B.whichC.thatD.what解析：解析 as 正如。接下的“buy into”意为“买进的股份，成为的股东”。这里指付出

27、代价接受社会中占主导地位的价值体制。12.（分数：0.50）A.aptitude B.latitudeC.longitudeD.gratitude解析：解析 aptitude 自然倾向，能力，才能。aptitude 侧重于天生的能力。这里是说，重视了这种能力，就不可避免地忽视 hard work 的作用。这里对形近词altitude，aptitude，attitude，gratitude，multitude，latitude 作一个简单辨析：altitude 高度，海拔，例：At high altitudes，it is difficult to breathe在高纬度的地方呼吸很困难。apt

28、itude(学习方面的)才能，天资，例：Mary shows an aptitude for languages玛丽显示出学习语言的天资。attitude 态度，看法，例：Whats your attitude towards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?gratitude 感恩，感谢，例：I can hardly express my gratitude to you for your helps对于你的帮助，我真是难以表达我的感激之情。multitude 许多，大量，例：The city has a multitude of problems，from AIDS t

29、o drugs这个城市面临很多问题，包括艾滋病和毒品肆虐。latitude 纬度，(行动、言论的)自由，回旋余地，例：People have great latitude now in choosing a job现在人们在择业方面有很大的回旋余地。13.（分数：0.50）A.urgeB.reluctantC.longD.hesitate 解析：解析 hesitate to do sth“对做犹豫不决”。reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”。urge“极力主张做”。14.（分数：0.50）A.importantB.seriousC.worse D.better解析：解析 to make ma

30、tters worse 更糟糕的是。15.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.onC.to D.for解析：解析 distinction 卓著，盛名。补充讲一点，“distinct from”截然不同的(指一种事物或特性显然有别于其同类时还可用 distinctive)。16.（分数：0.50）A.isntB.doesC.isD.doesnt 解析：解析 doesnt 等于“doesnt matter”。是说美国学生忽略“hard work”是因为我们一直在贬低他。17.（分数：0.50）A.ascribeB.attributeC.subscribe D.prescribe解析：解析 subscri

31、be 同意，赞同。另外含义有“捐款；订阅”。ascribe 把归于。这里补充对ascribe，describe，inscribe，prescribe，subscribe，transcribe 几个形近词作一个简要辨析：ascribe 把归因于，例：Tom ascribed his success to the help of Mary汤姆把自己的成功归因于玛丽的帮助。describe 描写，形容，例：Words cant describe the beauty of the scene此景之美非笔墨所能形容。inscribe 铭记，刻上，例：The names of the martyrs h

32、ave been inscribed on a monument烈士的名字被刻在一座纪念碑上。prescribe 开(药)，吩咐采用(某种疗法)，例：What treatment did the doctor pre- scribe?医生指示了什么疗法?subscribe 订阅，捐助，赞成，例：Ive never subscribed to the theory that economic development is more important than environmental protection我从来没有赞成过经济发展比环境保护更重要这种理论。transcribe 誊写，抄录，例：

33、He transcribed two paragraphs from the book into his notebook他从那本书上抄录了两段到他的笔记本上。18.（分数：0.50）A.actB.playC.impose D.perform解析：解析 impose 强加。the rest 是指攻击 hard work 以外的那些人。19.（分数：0.50）A.almostB.merely C.scarcelyD.seldom解析：解析 综合句意，这里表达的是“仅仅”之意，只有Bmerely“仅仅，只”，符合题意，另外，C scarcely 是一个重点词汇，这里讲一下：scarcely几乎不，

34、例：I can scarcely remember her face我几乎记不得她的面孔。一定不，不至于，例：He is scarcely the right person for the post他绝不是那个职位的适当人选。勉强算，将近，例：Scarcely fifty people came来了近五十人。 scarcely ever 绝少，例：They were scarcely ever apart他们几乎形影不离。scarcelywhen一就，例：He had scarcely entered when the gates were closed他一进来，大门就关闭了。(scarcel

35、y 有时也置于句首，但多见于文章用语)。20.（分数：0.50）A.admire B.despiseC.regardD.enjoy解析：解析 本句表明，欧洲人与美国人相反。美国人崇尚苦干，欧洲人崇尚悠闲自得。A admire“崇尚”符合句意。三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, the ruling families（分数：2.00）A.tried

36、to destroy the lower and middle classes using etiquette.B.discriminated against the lower class using etiquette. C.tried to teach etiquette to the lower and middle classes.D.put the middle and working classes into fenced enclosures.解析：解析 由文章第 l 句可知B为正确答案，即“利用礼仪歧视下层阶级”。A试图用礼仪摧毁中下层阶探。C尝试对中下层教礼仪。D把中层和工

37、人阶层用栅围起(封闭)。其余 3 项文中皆无。22.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements.（分数：2.00）A.practical rules, optional moral duties and formal compliments.B.rules, regulations and requirements.C.optional moral duties, optional practical rules and artificial graces.D.formal compliments, basic moral duti

38、es and practical rule. 解析：解析 由文章第 2 段可推知D为正确答案，即“正式的称赞，基本道德责任及实用规则”。其他各项明显与文不符。23.Etiquette cultivated as art of gracious living（分数：2.00）A.has been typical of rich and leisured societies. B.advocates that women are the same as men.C.began in nineteenth-century Provence.D.looks down on extremely refi

39、ned behaviour.解析：解析 由第 5 段 1 句可知答案为A，即“一直是富裕和悠闲社会所特有的”。B鼓吹女人和男人一样。C开始于 19 世纪的普罗文斯。D看不起很优雅的行为，皆与文非。24.The custom of young men bowing to show respect when passing the dwellings of their elders was cited as a characteristic of（分数：2.00）A.the ancient Egyptians.B.parts of Tanzania. C.England about a centu

40、ry ago.D.all societies.解析：解析 由第 3 段 3 句可推出B为正确答案。其他皆是张冠李戴。25.The ideals of chivalry demanded that（分数：2.00）A.a knight should never have physical relationship with women.B.a knight should inspire his lady to valiant deeds.C.a knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a woman. D.romantic people shoul

41、d influence literature.解析：解析 由末段第 2 句可推知C为正确答案，即“骑士应为一女子奉献他英勇的功绩”。A骑士永不能和女人发生肉体关系。B骑士应鼓励他的女人做出英勇的功绩。D浪漫人生应影响文学。此 3 项皆与文不符。六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.What does “S. P. Q. R“ suggest according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.It suggests that The Roman Senate was elected by the people and governed the people.B.I

42、t suggests that The Roman Senate was the highest authority.C.It suggests that it was the people, not government, who held the power and right of the country. D.It suggest that the Roman Republic functioned a democracy the same as America.解析：解析 “SPQR”的本意是“The Roman Senate and People”。即“罗马元老院和人民”。这句箴言

43、暗指了“是人民，而不是任何形式的政府，享有国家权力。”“sovereignty rested in the people themselves，and not in any particular governmental form”。A认为“长老院由人民选出，并统治人民”错有两处，其一，长老院内部是世袭制的；其二，国家权力在人民，不在长老院。B认为“长老院是最高权威”，是不对的。应该是人民。D说罗马的民主与美国的一样，但从文中描述可看出，并不完全一样，只是有相似之处而已。27.In the last paragraph, Roman expansion was described vividl

44、y, what is the base of the expasion?（分数：2.00）A.Military conquestB.Superior military strategyC.The scientific structure of the society D.Advanced culture解析：解析 见第二段末：“It was，in fact，the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible”而“军事侵略”只是这种扩张的基本形式，不是基本原因。28.What kind of social fo

45、rm immediately followed the Roman Republic Age?（分数：2.00）A.feudalismB.Etruscan dominationC.socialismD.impericalism 解析：解析 文中第一段中提到：“The mottoSPQRremained the watch word of Roman society until Imperial Age”可见，罗马共和国结束后，被罗马帝国所取代。答案应选 D。29.What does the word “patrician“ mean in the second sentence of the

46、second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.PatronB.SupporterC.GovernmentalD.Aristocrat 解析：解析 从文中提到了世袭、高的地位和财富可以推测出“patrician families”指的是贵族家庭。特别是后文中说：“the division between aristocrat and peasant，”更明确点出了“aristocrat”。注意答案C是“统治的”与“贵族”还是有区别的。特别是在罗马共和国，国家权力是属于人民的。30.Which of the following hold the most important position in the Senate?（分数：2.00）A.Consuls B.PlebsC.PeopleD.Patres解析：解析 见文中第二段：“The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls”七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.According to the text ,the theater（分数：2.00）A.first appeared in England.B.follows