DIN EN 13145-2011 Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers German version EN 13145 2001+A1 2011《轨道交通 轨道 枕木和承木 第2部分 一般安全要求 德文版 EN 13145-2001+A1-2011》.pdf

《DIN EN 13145-2011 Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers German version EN 13145 2001+A1 2011《轨道交通 轨道 枕木和承木 第2部分 一般安全要求 德文版 EN 13145-2001+A1-2011》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DIN EN 13145-2011 Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers German version EN 13145 2001+A1 2011《轨道交通 轨道 枕木和承木 第2部分 一般安全要求 德文版 EN 13145-2001+A1-2011》.pdf（22页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、December 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I

2、CS 79.040; 93.100!$xZS“1855548www.din.deDDIN EN 13145Railway applications Track Wood sleepers and bearers (includes Amendment A1:2011)English translation of DIN EN 13145:2011-12Bahnanwendungen Oberbau Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz (enthlt nderung A1:2011)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 13145:

3、2011-12Applications ferroviaires Voie Traverses et supports en bois (Amendement A1:20Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 13145:2011-12SupersedesDIN EN 13145:2001-04www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises pages11.1111 inclus)22DIN EN 1

4、3145:2011-12 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (R

5、ailway Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 087-00-01-03 UA Gleis- und Weichenschwellen. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 13145:2001-04 as follows: a) Annex ZA (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC” has

6、been included. Previous editions DIN EN 13145: 2001-04 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13145:2001+A1 October 2011 ICS 79.040; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13145:2001English Version Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et

7、 supports en bois Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 September 2011.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the

8、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard e

9、xists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national

10、standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

11、and United Kingdom. Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13145:2001+A1:2011: EEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KO

12、MITEE FR NORMUNG EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Species .95 Forms, dimensions and tolerances .95.1 Forms 95.1.1 Sleepers 95.1.2 Bearers . 105.2 Dimensions 105.3 Tolerances . 106 Defects and quality features 116.1 Raw m

13、aterials 116.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers 117 Durability and preservation . 147.1 Durability . 147.2 Preservation 157.2.1 Sleepers and bearers . 157.2.2 Wood preservative 157.2.3 Penetration 157.2.4 Retention . 158 Factory production control 169 Marking 16Annex A (informative) Most commonly used

14、 dimensions for sleepers and bearers 17Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC“ 19DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13145:2001+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Commi

15、ttee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn a

16、t the latest by April 2012. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative An

17、nex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06. This document supersedes EN 13145:2001. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. Attention is drawn to the possibility

18、that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound

19、 to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw

20、eden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers

21、 for use in railway tracks. It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the customer. It does not apply to other track timbers. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative ref

22、erences are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references th

23、e latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 252 Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact EN 335-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of hazard classes of biological att

24、ack - Part 1: General EN 350-2 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood -

25、 Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Performance of wood preservatives as determined by biological tests - Part 1: Specification according to hazard class EN 844-3:1995 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 3: Ge

26、neral terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-7:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomical structure of timber EN 844-9:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminolog

27、y - Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-11:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 wood sleeper wood beam which supports ru

28、nning rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails at right angles to its axis. Usually the beam supports two running rails to form one track 3.2 wood bearer wood beam, similar to a sleeper but generally longer, used to support running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor r

29、ails, crossings and operating mechanisms in switches and crossings DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 5 3.3 heartwood inner zone of wood that, in the growing tree, has ceased to contain living cells or to conduct sap EN 844-7:1997 3.4 sapwood outer zone of wood that, in the growing tree,

30、 contains living cells and conducts sap EN 844-7:1997 3.5 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood EN 844-9:1997 3.6 red heart in beech red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined E

31、N 844-10:1998 3.7 grey, purple heart grey or purple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack 3.8 grain general direction or arrangement of fibres EN 844-7:1997 3.9 edge grain timber converted so that the growth rings meet the upper face of the sleeper or bearer at an angle greater than 45

32、 when measured at the centre of the upper face (see figure 1) Figure 1 - Edge grain The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer. The angle is measured at c 3.10 annual ring growth ring corresponding to an annual period of growth EN 844-7:1997 3

33、.11 wane original rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber (see figure 2) EN 844-3:1995 abcDIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 6 Figure 2 - Wane 3.12 chairing area for sleepers, the chairing area is the area on the upper surface covering a length

34、of 250 mm on both sides of the centre of each rail to be mounted For bearers, the chairing area covers the whole length with the exception of 250 mm at each end. 3.13 rot decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often

35、a change of texture and colour EN 844-10:1998 3.14 knot portion of a branch embedded in the wood EN 844-9:1997 3.15 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot EN 844-9:1997 3.16 intergrown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than 3/4 of its c

36、ross-sectional perimeter EN 844-9:1997 3.17 dead knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for less than 1/4 of its cross sectional perimeter EN 844-9:1997 3.18 loose knot dead knot that is not held firmly in place EN 844-9:1997 3.19 unsound knot knot affecte

37、d by rot EN 844-9:1997 3.20 indent recess caused by mechanical removal of an unsound knot down to the sound part of the timber 3.21 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood EN 844-9:1997 DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 7 3.22 fissure longitudinal separation of fi

38、bres EN 844-9:1997 3.23 split fissure that extends from one surface to another EN 844-9:1997 3.24 frost crack radial fissure caused by frost action on the standing tree that extends from the sapwood to the pith and for a certain distance longitudinally EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Frost crack is accompanied

39、by darkening of the adjacent wood and deviation of the annual rings. 3.25 check short, narrow and shallow fissure EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Caused by drying. 3.26 end shake fissure showing on the end surface EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge. 3.27 heart shake radial

40、 end shake originating at the pith EN 844-9:1997 3.28 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring EN 844-9:1997 3.29 spring lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the edge (see figure 3) EN 844-3:1995 top view Figure 3 - Spring DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 8

41、 3.30 bow lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see figure 4) EN 844-3:1995 side view Figure 4 - Bow 3.31 cup curvature of a piece of timber across the width of the face (see figure 5) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 5 - Cup 3.32 twist lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (

42、see figure 6) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 6 - Twist 3.33 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing, or that has contained, a resin EN 844-9:1997 3.34 gum vein vein in timber containing, or that has contained, a resinous substance 3.35 bore hole hole or tunnel in timber caused by insects EN 844-1

43、1:1998 3.36 pith zone within the first growth ring that consists chiefly of soft tissue EN 844-7:1997 3.37 creosote oil distilled from coal tar 3.38 tropical hardwood hardwood grown in the tropics and all other southern hemisphere forests DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 9 4 Species Th

44、e requirements of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see table 1). Table 1 - List of wood species Botanical name Common name (for guidance only) European hardwoods Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens European oak Fagus sylvatica Beech European softwo

45、ods Pinus sylvestris Scots pine Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima) Maritime pine Pinus pinea Stone pine Pinus nigra Corsican/Austrian pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Larix Sp.1)LarchTropical hardwoods Lophira alata Azob, Ekki, Bongossi Shorea laevis, Shorea sp. div.1)Bangkirai, Selangan Batu, Ba

46、lau kumus Dicorynia guianensis Basralocus Eucalyptus marginata Jarrah Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri Ocotea rodiaei, Lauraceae family Greenheart Mora Excelsa Mora 1) Different species of a kind 5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances 5.1 Forms 5.1.1 Sleepers Sleepers shall have a nominally rectangular cro

47、ss section in one of the forms as shown in figure 7. The customer shall specify which form he accepts. DIN EN 13145:2011-12 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 10 d dlForm E1lForm E2eer rFigure 7 - Forms for sleepers 5.1.2 Bearers Bearers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in the form as shown i

48、n figure 8. erdl Figure 8 - Form for bearers 5.2 Dimensions When ordering, the customer shall define dimensions l, e and d (see figures 7 and 8) effectively needed, as well as the length. These dimensions shall apply to sleepers and bearers ready for use or preservative treatment. NOTE: A list of th

49、e dimensions most commonly used can be found in informative annex A. 5.3 Tolerances The following tolerances shall apply to all sleepers and bearers ready for use and/or preservative treatment: - length: + 30 mm; - width: + 10 mm/-3 mm; - height: + 10 mm/- 3 mm; - rectangular cross section 90: max. deviation 3. NOTE: The length tolerance is conditional on both ends being cross cut at right angles to the length of the sleeper or bearer. Any deviating tolerances