CEN TR 16512-2015 Child use and care articles - Guidelines for the safety of children-s slings《儿童用保育品 儿童吊索安全指南》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 16512:2015Child use and care articles Guidelines for the safety ofchildrens slingsPD CEN/TR 16512:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR16512:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T

2、echnicalCommittee CW/1, Safety of child use and child care products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicatio

3、n. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 80851 7ICS 97.190Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on

4、28 February 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 16512:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16512 February 2015 ICS 97.190 English Version Child use and care articles - Guidelines for the safety of childrens slings Articles de puriculture -

5、 Lignes directrices pour la scurit des charpes porte-enfants Artikel fr Suglinge und Kleinkinder - Leitfaden zur Sicherheit von Babytragetchern This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 September 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 252. CEN members are the national stan

6、dards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl

7、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv

8、ed worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16512:2015 EPD CEN/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Chemical hazards . 5 4 Thermal hazards . 5 5 Choking and ingestion hazards 6 6 Entrapment hazards for fing

9、ers in mesh 6 7 Entanglement hazards 6 8 Suffocation hazards 6 9 Structural integrity 7 10 Product information 7 10.1 General . 7 10.2 Marking 7 10.3 Purchase information . 7 10.4 Instructions for use 7 10.4.1 General . 7 10.4.2 Instructions for use 8 10.4.3 Additional information 8 Annex A (normati

10、ve) Requirements and test methods which can be used to assess the safety of childrens slings 9 A.1 Chemical hazards . 9 A.1.1 General . 9 A.1.2 Test methods for determining levels of chemicals in coatings and finishes . 9 A.1.3 Requirements and test methods for formaldehyde 9 A.2 Thermal hazards . 1

11、0 A.2.1 Requirements and test method for flammability . 10 A.2.2 Requirements and test method for surface flash 10 A.3 Choking and ingestion hazards 10 A.3.1 Requirements for small components . 10 A.3.2 Test methods and equipment 10 A.4 Entrapment hazards for fingers in mesh 12 A.4.1 General . 12 A.

12、4.2 Test method . 12 A.5 Entanglement hazards 12 A.5.1 Requirements for entanglement hazards . 12 A.5.2 Test methods for entanglement hazards 12 A.6 Suffocation hazards Requirements for packaging . 13 A.7 Structural integrity 14 A.7.1 Static strength . 14 A.7.2 Durability 14 Bibliography . 17 PD CEN

13、/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16512:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 252 “Child use and care articles“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s

14、ubject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 4 Introduction This Technical Report has been produced to provide safety guidance for designers, manufacturers, suppliers and users of sl

15、ings which are products designed to carry a child solely on the carers torso. Slings are similar to soft carriers which are also designed to carry a child on the carers torso, the main differences are that slings do not have integral openings for the childs limbs and form their structure only when a

16、ttached to the carers torso. Slings consist of a variety of designs ranging from a hammock shaped product suspended on the carers torso to a length of material wrapped around the carers body. Because of this wide variety of designs, which in many cases can result in an unstructured product, it has p

17、roven very difficult to draft a safety standard similar to that for EN 13209-2, Child use and care articles Baby carriers Safety requirements and test methods Part 2: Soft carrier. These guidelines have been drafted to address potential hazards associated with slings. Where there are similar hazards

18、 to those associated with soft carriers, these have been identified. Any requirements and test methods which are given in EN 13209-2 and are appropriate to slings are detailed in Annex A. Any other requirements and test methods from other standards which are also appropriate to slings have also been

19、 included in Annex A. The bibliography contains a list of standards that have been considered when drafting this Technical Report. PD CEN/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report covers a product which is designed to carry a child solely on the carers torso, which does not

20、have integrated openings for the childs limbs and is designed to allow the carer a hands-free operation when standing and/or walking. An integrated leg opening is an opening for the childs legs which exists in the product prior to installation on the carers torso. A leg opening which is formed when

21、the carer wears the product is not an integrated opening. Childrens slings are not covered by EN 13209-1 and EN 13209-2. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, o

22、nly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 71-1, Safety of toys Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties EN 71-3, Safety of toys Part 3: Migration of certain elements EN 13209-2, Child use and care art

23、icles Baby carriers Safety requirements and test methods Part 2: Soft carrier EN ISO 14184-1, Textiles Determination of formaldehyde Part 1: Free and hydrolysed formaldehyde (water extraction method) (ISO 14184-1) 3 Chemical hazards Harmful toxic chemicals can enter a childs body by ingestion and in

24、halation. Information detailing chemical hazards and their risk to young children can be found in CEN/TR 13387:2004, Clause 2. The chemical hazards and risks for a sling are very similar to those of a soft carrier. Subclause A.1.1 states the requirements given in EN 132092, which are used to address

25、 the hazards related to the ingestion of harmful chemicals by a child. Subclause A.1.2 references the test method which is used to determine the toxic content of these chemicals. EN 13209-2 does not address the hazard of inhalation of formaldehyde. As slings may envelop the child, the level of forma

26、ldehyde in the materials used should be controlled. Subclause A.1.3 references the standard which details the requirements and test methods for the assessment of the level of formaldehyde. 4 Thermal hazards Thermal hazards include hazards associated with flammability, the burning characteristics of

27、materials and overheating (hyperthermia) or exposure of a child to very low temperatures (hypothermia). As slings may be used by the carer in and around the home, possibly near a naked flame, the flammability of the materials used in slings and their burning characteristics should be controlled. Sub

28、clause A.2.1 gives the requirements for the rate of spread of the flame and references the standard which details the test method. Materials with a surface pile may be subject to surface flash which could occur if cigarette ash or a spark lands on the sling. Subclause A.2.2 references the standard w

29、hich details the requirements and test methods to assess surface flash. Overheating or hyperthermia, is a rise in the childs core temperature. This could occur if the child becomes too hot particularly in a sling which encompasses the childs body. Consideration should be given to the type of PD CEN/

30、TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 6 material used for the sling and to the product information which should alert the carer to the potential hazard of the child becoming too hot. The lowering of the childs body temperature, hypothermia, is less likely to be a hazard. 5 Choking and ingestion hazards

31、 Both choking and ingestion hazards can occur if a child puts small objects into their mouth and either attempts to swallow them or actually swallows them. Choking occurs when a childs internal airways become blocked and their breathing is impeded. This is a serious hazard as air cannot pass into a

32、childs lungs and irreversible brain damage can occur. Ingestion of small objects which pass into the childs stomach can cause internal blockages. Where possible it is preferable to avoid the use of small objects attached to the sling. If however small objects are used, they should be firmly attached

33、 to the product and there should be no possibility of them detaching and/or breaking into small pieces. Choking and ingestion hazards have been addressed for soft carriers. Clause A.3 gives the requirements and test methods detailed in EN 132092 which are used to address these hazards. 6 Entrapment

34、hazards for fingers in mesh If a childs finger becomes stuck in an opening, the flow of blood to the finger may be reduced. Slings should be designed to eliminate openings in mesh where fingers could be trapped. Clause A.4 gives the requirements and test method to address the hazards associated with

35、 the entrapment of a childs finger in mesh. 7 Entanglement hazards If a child becomes entangled in a product, strangulation can occur. Any cords, ribbons or similar parts should have their length limited so that they cannot encircle a childs neck. Clause A.5 gives the requirements and test method fo

36、r the determination of the safety of the length of cords Any loops should be sufficiently small so that they cannot pass over the childs head. Clause A.5 gives the requirements and a test method to determine the maximum size of a loop. Monofilament threads made of a single thread of man-made fibre a

37、re so strong that they cannot be broken in use. If this type of thread becomes wound round a childs finger the blood supply could be cut off. Monofilament threads should therefore not be used in the manufacture of a sling. Slings should not be fitted with any form of harnessing to restrain the child

38、. 8 Suffocation hazards If air cannot pass into a childs lungs, irreversible brain damage can occur. Suffocation can occur if a childs external airways, i.e. the nose and mouth, are blocked simultaneously. This can occur if a childs face is in contact with a material through which air cannot permeat

39、e. The airways can also become obstructed as a result of the position of the baby in the sling or if the childs chin drops down onto their chest. For a hammock-shaped sling, there could be the potential for the childs face to be in contact with the material of the sling, which if made of a material

40、through which air cannot permeate could lead to a hazardous situation. It is PD CEN/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 7 important therefore that the material used for a hammock-shaped sling will allow air to circulate or the sling should be designed in such a way that the airways of the child can n

41、ever be obstructed. Consideration should also be given to the permeability of the material after washing, as some materials and some detergents could block the small air spaces; it is important therefore that adequate instructions are provided to the user for any washing and cleaning so that this do

42、es not occur. Any carrying/storage bag supplied with the product with an opening greater than 360 mm should not have a drawstring. As for all child use and care articles, care should be taken in the use of plastic packaging. Clause A.6 gives the requirements for plastic packaging which are common to

43、 child use and care articles. 9 Structural integrity It is important that no part of the sling should be weakened in use and always maintains the child securely. Clause A.7 gives the requirements and test methods for the testing of the structural integrity of slings. 10 Product information 10.1 Gene

44、ral All product information should be given in the language(s) of the country in which the sling is sold. 10.2 Marking The sling should be marked with the following: the name, trademark or other means of identification of either the manufacturer, distributor, importer or retailer; a means of identif

45、ying the product e.g. model number or batch number; the minimum and maximum weight and/or the minimum and the maximum age of the child for which the sling is intended. WARNING When using this sling, constantly monitor your child. These markings should be permanently attached to the sling and still b

46、e legible after washing/cleaning. 10.3 Purchase information The following information should be provided at the point of sale: information which gives the maximum weight of the child for which the sling is suitable should be provided at the point of sale; a means of identifying the product, e.g. mod

47、el number or batch number. 10.4 Instructions for use 10.4.1 General Instructions for the safe use of the sling should be provided and be headed - IMPORTANT! KEEP FOR FUTURE REFERENCE in letters not less than 5 mm high. A statement should be included that the carer should read all the instructions be

48、fore using the sling. PD CEN/TR 16512:2015CEN/TR 16512:2015 (E) 8 10.4.2 Instructions for use The instructions for use should contain the following warnings: WARNING Constantly monitor your child and ensure the mouth and nose are unobstructed. WARNING For pre-term, low birthweight babies and childre

49、n with medical conditions, seek advice from a health professional before using this product. WARNING Ensure your childs chin is not resting on its chest as its breathing may be restricted which could lead to suffocation. WARNING To prevent hazards from falling ensure that your child is securely positioned in the sling. The warnings should be clearly indicated either grouped together in a list under the heading WARNINGS or as separate warnings where each warning is prefixed by the word WARNING. 10.4.3 Additiona