ASTM D4861-2011 Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air《空气中农药和多氯联苯的抽样和选择分析技术的标准操作规程》.pdf
《ASTM D4861-2011 Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air《空气中农药和多氯联苯的抽样和选择分析技术的标准操作规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4861-2011 Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air《空气中农药和多氯联苯的抽样和选择分析技术的标准操作规程》.pdf(17页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation:D486105 Designation: D4861 11Standard Practice forSampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques forPesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4861; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling of air for a variety of common pest
3、icides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) andprovides guidance on the selection of appropriate analytical measurement methods. Other compounds such as polychlorinateddibenzodioxins/furans, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, andpolychlorinate
4、d naphthalenes may be efficiently collected from air by this practice, but guidance on their analytical determinationis not covered by this practice.1.2 A complete listing of pesticides and other semivolatile organic chemicals for which this practice has been tested is shownin Table 1.1.3 This pract
5、ice is based on the collection of chemicals from air onto polyurethane foam (PUF) or a combination of PUF andgranular sorbent.1.4 This practice is applicable to multicomponent atmospheres, 0.001 to 50-g/m3concentrations, and 4 to 24-h samplingperiods. The limit of detection will depend on the nature
6、 of the analyte and the length of the sampling period.1.5 The analytical method(s) recommended will depend on the specific chemical(s) sought, the concentration level, and thedegree of specificity required.1.61.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure
7、ment are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitat
8、ions prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.24 and A1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activat
9、ed Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethod)D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption MethodD4185 Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryE355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms
10、and Relationships2.2 EPA Methods and Standards:EPA 600/R-96/010b Compendium of Methods for the Determination to Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air3EPA 821/C-99-004 Methods and Guidance for Analysis of Water, Versions 24EPA SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical Chemical Methods4
11、0 CFR 136 EPA Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater51This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved March 1, 2005.2011. Published March 2005.2011. O
12、riginally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as D4861 - 005.DOI: 10.1520/D4861-05.10.1520/D4861-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, re
13、fer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.3Also available at http:/www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/files/ambient/airtox/tocomp99.pdf4Also available at http:/www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html4
14、NTIS PB99-500209 (see http:/www.ntis.gov/products/epa-water-methods.aspx)5NTIS PB99-500209INQ (see http:/www.ntis.gov/product/epa-water-methods.htm)5Also available at http:/ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr ECD = electron capture detector; FPD = flame photometric detector; HPLC = high-pe
15、rformance liquid chromatography; NPD = nitrogen-phosphorus detector; UV = ultraviolet absorption detector. (GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) is always recommended, if available.)BUsing PUF/2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide “sandwich” trap.CCompound is very unstable in solution.DDerivatizati
16、on necessary for free acid and salts.D4861 112adopted from Ref (1)7and is the basis of EPA 600/R-96/010b, Method TO-10A.4.2 Pesticides and other chemicals are extracted from the sorbent cartridge with 5 % diethyl ether in hexane and may bedetermined by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) coupled with an
17、electron capture detector (ECD), nitrogen-phosphorus detector(NPD), flame photometric detector (FPD), Hall electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD), or a mass spectrometer (MS). For somepesticides, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an ultraviolet (UV) detector or electroche
18、mical detectormay be preferable.4.3 Interferences resulting from analytes having similar RTs during GC are resolved by improving the resolution or separation,such as by changing the chromatographic column or operating parameters, or by fractionating the sample by columnchromatography.5. Significance
19、 and Use5.1 This practice is recommended for use primarily for non-occupational exposure monitoring in domiciles, public accessbuildings, and offices.5.2 The methods described in this practice have been successfully applied to measurement of pesticides and PCBs in outdoorair and for personal respira
20、tory exposure monitoring.5.3 Abroad spectrum of pesticides are commonly used in and around the house and for insect control in public and commercialbuildings. Other semivolatile organic chemicals, such as PCBs, are also often present in indoor air, particularly in large officebuildings. This practic
21、e promotes needed precision and bias in the determination of many of these airborne chemicals.6. Interferences6.1 Any gas or liquid chromatographic separation of complex mixtures of organic chemicals is subject to serious interferenceproblems due to coelution of two or more compounds. The use of cap
22、illary or microbore columns with superior resolution or twocolumns of different polarity will frequently eliminate these problems.6.1.1 Selectivity may be further enhanced by use of a MS in a selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode as the GC detector. In thismode, coeluting compounds can often be determi
23、ned.6.2 The ECD responds to a wide variety of organic compounds. It is likely that such compounds will be encountered asinterferences during GC-ECD analysis. The NPD, FPD, and HECD detectors are element specific, but are still subject tointerferences. UV detectors for HPLC are nearly universal and t
24、he electrochemical detector may also respond to a variety ofchemicals. Mass spectrometric analyses will generally provide for positive identification of specific compounds.6.3 PCBs and certain organochlorine pesticides (for example, chlordane) are complex mixtures of individual compounds, whichcan c
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