[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷125及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 125及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent“. Its an interactive feature that lets visitor

2、s key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the key words legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon,

3、 who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a

4、search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you, “Every time you answer a question, you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do then br

5、oaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get an e-mail, consider it a reminder to check th

6、e database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up fo

7、r its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ s

8、ays Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Althoug

9、h happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder. “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 1 How did Redmon find his job? （ A） By searching openings in a job database. （ B） By posting a match

10、ing position in a database. （ C） By using a special service of a database. （ D） By e-mailing his resume to a database. 2 Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? （ A） Lack of counseling. （ B） Limited number of visits. （ C） Lower efficiency. （ D） Fewer successful matches. 3 The

11、expression “tip service“ (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means _. （ A） advisory （ B） compensation （ C） interaction （ D） reminder 4 Why does Career Sites agent offer each job hunter only three job options? （ A） To focus on better job matches. （ B） To attract more returning visits. （ C） To reserve spa

12、ce for more messages. （ D） To increase the rate of success. 5 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. （ B） Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands. （ C） Personal search agents are also helpful to those a

13、lready employed. （ D） Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed. 5 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disa

14、dvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage

15、that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B an

16、d C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Ch

17、irac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coi

18、ncidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the ret sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman jun

19、ior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as les

20、s confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers a

21、nd attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 6 What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? （ A） A kind of overlooked inequality. （ B） A type of conspicuous bias. （ C） A type of personal prejudice.

22、（ D） A kind of brand discrimination. 7 What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? （ A） In both East and West, names are essential to success. （ B） The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman. （ C） Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names. （ D） Some form of discrim

23、ination is too subtle to recognize. 8 The 4th paragraph suggests that _. （ A） questions are often put to the more intelligent students （ B） alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class （ C） teachers should pay attention to all of their students （ D） students should be seated accordi

24、ng to their eyesight 9 What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Line 2, Para.5)? （ A） They are getting impatient. （ B） They are noisily dozing off. （ C） They are feeling humiliated. （ D） They are busy with word puzzles. 10 Which of the following is true according to the

25、 text? （ A） People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated. （ B） VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. （ C） The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. （ D） Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 10 When it comes

26、to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the

27、 softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars. “ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I d

28、ont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shopp

29、ers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers

30、 seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are h

31、olding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “Theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers,

32、now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn

33、t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impo

34、ssible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan “Continuing along this path,“ says writer Earl Shorris. “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectuali

35、sm in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U.S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sens

36、e, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recit

37、ation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, accor

38、ding to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and i

39、magines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise“. 16 What

40、do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? （ A） The habit of thinking independently. （ B） Profound knowledge of the world. （ C） Practical abilities for future career. （ D） The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 17 We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of _.

41、（ A） undervaluing intellect （ B） favoring intellectualism （ C） supporting school reform （ D） suppressing native intelligence 18 The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _. （ A） identical （ B） similar （ C） complementary （ D） opposite 19 Emerson, according to the text, is probably _. （ A） a p

42、ioneer of education reform （ B） an opponent of intellectualism （ C） a scholar in favor of intellect （ D） an advocate of regular schooling 20 What does the author think of intellect? （ A） It is second to intelligence. （ B） It evolves from common sense. （ C） It is to be pursued. （ D） It underlies powe

43、r. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 125答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。从中可知，去年年底在找工作时，Redmon偶然发现了互联网上的一个求职数据库。网站的 “个人求职搜索代理 ”吸引了他。这种服务具有互动特征 让访问者输入求职标准，然后，当数据库贴出一个合适的职位时，就通过电子邮件给聘职方寄去你的相关资料。 Redmon通过这种方式找到了一份工作。据此可知， Redmon是通过一种新型的服务找到工作的。C项与文章的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据文章第 2段

44、的最后一句可知，严格标准可能对你产生不利影响。根据第 3段的第 3句话可知，另一名专家说这些程序中没有隐含任何求职咨询。根据第 4段的第 2句话可知，代理人给那些登录需要服务的人们发送信息时，所发送的信息只包括三种可能的工作。综上所述，没有提供求职建议是一种不利条件。 A项与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3段。从中可知，最佳策略是把求职搜索代理看成是密切关注一个特定数据库中的职业提示者；你收到电子邮件时，把它看成是再次检查该数据库的提示。据此可知， tip service与 reminder(提示 )同义。 D项与文章的意思相符

45、，因此 D项为正确答案。 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 4段。从中可知， Career Builder网站的搜索代理服务给那些登录需要其服务的人们发送信息时，所发送的信息只包括三种可能的工作。数据库中可能有更多相似的工作 。求职者只得再次访问该网站以便找到它们 他们也这样做了。据此可知，代理人只给每名求职者提供三种工作选择的原因是为了吸引求职者再次访问该网站。 B项与文章的意思相符，因此 B项为正确答案。 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知，甚至那些不求职的人也能发现求职搜索代理的用武之地。一些人利用它们密切关注本行业的工作需求，或

46、者收集有关工薪的信息为增薪谈判做好准备。使用求职搜索代理意味着有另一双眼睛在为你留心。据此可知，无论你是否求职，个人求职搜索代理都对你有帮助。 C项与文章 的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段和第 2段。从文章的第 1段可知，一种隐秘的不公平和歧视继续盛行 字母排序法。第 2段接着讲到，人们早就知道，当客户通过电话本叫出租车时，名为 AAAA Cars的出租车公司就比名为 Zodiac Cars的公司更具优势。人们不太知晓的是， Adam Abbott这个名字在生活中比Zoe Zysman有优势。据此可知，作者举 AAAA Cars和

47、 Zodiac Cars出租车公司为例是为了说明人们忽视了一种隐秘的不公平和 歧视。 A项与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章的第 1、 2、 3段的内容可知，过去各种各样的不公平和歧视受到人们的谴责或是被视为违法；但是，一种隐秘的不公平和歧视继续盛行。人们早就知道，当客户通过电话本叫出租车时，名为 AAAA Cars的出租车公司就比名为 Zodiac Cars的公司更具优势；人们不太知晓的是， Adam Abbott这个名字在生活中比 Zoe Zysman有优势。然后举例说明，指出有些人有姓氏字母方面的优势。据此可知，因为某些隐秘的不公平和歧

48、视太细微，所以难以被人们关注。 D项与文章的意思相符，因此 D项为正确答案。 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第 4段讲道，这仅是巧合吗 ?一种理论认为，这种情况早就存在。在幼儿园的开始阶段，老师按学生姓氏字母顺序从前到后排座位。一些近视的、姓氏靠后的幼儿不得不坐在后排，那些感觉迟钝的老师很少向这些幼儿提一些有助于提高的问题。那时，那些不具备姓氏字母优势的人可能认为他们幸运逃避了提问。但结果可能更糟 据此可知，老师不应该忽视那些没有姓氏字母优势的学生。 C项与文章的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章第 5段的内容可知，在大学的毕业典礼上，那些姓

49、氏字母靠前者首先获得奖品；等到该姓氏字母靠后者获奖时，大多数人都在打瞌睡了。求职面试的最后名单、投票选举名单、会议演讲者以及出席者名单，往往都是根据字母顺序制作的。当收件人查看这些名单时，他们的兴趣也随之消失了。据此可知，该句话的意思应该是 大多数人都在打鼾。 B项与文章的意思相符，因此 B项为正确答案。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章第 1段的内容可知，过去，各种各样的不公平和歧视受到人们的 谴责或是被视为违法。但是，有一种隐秘的不公平和歧视继续盛行 字母排序法。从第 2段的内容可知，人们早就知道，当客户通过电话本叫出租车时，名为 AAAA Cars的出租车公司就比名为 Zodiac Cars的公司更具优势；但是，人们不太知晓的是： Adam Abbott这个名字在生活中比 Zoe Zysman有优势。第 3段举例说明。第 4段接着讲到，这能算是巧合吗 ?跟着举例指出：在幼儿园，老师按学生姓氏的字母表顺序从前到后排座位，可能会造成更严重的后果，因为这些人受到的关注更少，他们也更缺乏公开表达自己信心的机会。从文 章的最后一段内容可知，这种使人蒙羞的情况还在继续。据此可知，根据字母排序的做法可能无意中导致偏见。 D项与