大学四级-172及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-172 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on The impact of mobile phones on interpersonal

2、 communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.00)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.In a jewelry shop.B.In the City Mall.C.Near a lorry.D.In a parking lot.A.T

3、hey left the lorry together.B.They left the lorry without hoods.C.They run back to the lorry separately.D.They run back to the lorry without hoods.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.00）A.The heart of London was flooded.B.An emergency exercise was conducted.C.100 peopl

4、e in the suburbs were drowned.D.One of the bridges between north and south London collapsed.A.A flood wall was built.B.Rescue teams were formed.C.An alarm system was set up.D.50 underground stations were made waterproof.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. （分数：21.00）A.Through t

5、he School of Design and Visual Arts.B.Through the School of Social Work.C.Through the School of Business.D.Through the Arts and Sciences program.A.About 20,000 dollars.B.About 27,000 dollars.C.About 38,000 dollars.D.About 50,000 dollars.A.Federal loans.B.Private loans.C.Scholarships.D.A monthly paym

6、ent plan.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.Colleagues.B.Instructor and student.C.Neighbors.D.Anchor and guest.A.Baby-sitting the children.B.Documenting the children.C.Complaining about the diff

7、iculty of living.D.Teaching teenagers.A.Sensitive groups.B.Disadvantaged groups.C.Rich groups.D.Complicated groups.A.Kids are facing big issues in life.B.Life is moving fast recently.C.Kids can not earn the living.D.Kids are growing up quickly.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Questions 12 to 15 are

8、 based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）A.He has a lot of free time.B.Many of his friends are actors.C.She knows he likes acting.D.He“s looking for an acting job.A.One night a week.B.Every Wednesday for three hours.C.Every other Thursday.D.Three times a week.A.He has to rearrange h

9、is evening schedule.B.His schoolwork takes up most of his time.C.He hasn“t been in a play for a long time.D.He might not like the way the group works.A.See her on Wednesday.B.Learn his part quickly.C.Enjoy the rehearsal.D.Pick her up on Thursday.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：43.20

10、)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.20）A.Summer vacation.B.The housing office.C.Resident advisers.D.Check-out procedures.A.Register for summer school.B.Repair holes in room walls.C.Remove personal property.D.Call the housing office.A.Their summer addresses.B.Any

11、damage to their rooms.C.When they plan to leave.D.Questions for the housing office.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：43.20)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：43.20）A.Your heart rate is lowered.B.It becomes harder for you to relax.C.You become too tired to sleep.D.Your sleeping

12、 rhythms are disrupted.A.Failure to rest during the day.B.Lack of sleep on weekends.C.Vigorous exercise in the evening.D.Eating cheese before going to bed.A.They might eventually cause you to lose sleep.B.They help produce a neurotransmitter in the brain.C.You must not drink milk if you take them.D.

13、They make it unnecessary to take naps.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：57.60)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：57.60）A.Characteristics of sand.B.How animals live in the desert.C.A snake“s special way of moving.D.Techniques of skiing.A.To climb hills.B.To gain traction.C.To

14、 fool its enemies.D.To rest as it moves.A.Wavy lines.B.Circular lines.C.Perpendicular lines.D.Parallel lines.A.Lower body temperatures.B.Decreased energy consumption.C.Greater ability to conceal itself.D.Wider range of vision.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)The festiv

15、e break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite 2.6m people starting diets on New Year“s Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, 1 exercise and gorging on comfort food. Findings, 2 by weightloss firm XLS-Medi

16、cal, suggest that the 3 majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of 10 dieters 4 they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were 5 blamed for people failing to keep th

17、eir health kick on track. Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, 6 that just one day off from dieting can undo a week“s worth of hard work. He told Female First : “A healthy diet, aimed at losing l1b per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories

18、less each day.“ “A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝) and have thousands of calories more than they need.“ The results suggest that a 7 590,000 could already have 8 to stick to New Year diet resolutions. And a vast major

19、ity are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts. Yet 9 it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they“ve 10 their target weight. A. massive B. reached C. highlighted D. blamed E. shunning F. still G. released H. lost I. also J. admi

20、tted K. treated L. dieted M. overall N. vast O. failed（分数：35.00）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：70.00)A University Degree No Longer Confers Financial SecurityA. Millions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at university. Some are inspire

21、d by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at universityand accumulating huge debts in the processwill boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job. B. Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thr

22、ive in a globalised world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs outsourced and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a life of cash-strapped (资金紧张的) insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this v

23、iew. A recent study from Georgetown University“s Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that “obtaining a post-secondary credential (证书) is almost always worth it.“ Educational qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $3.6

24、m over a lifetime; one with merely a high-school diploma can expect only $1.3m. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that someone with a bachelor“s degree could expect to earn 75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Tod

25、ay the disparity is even greater. C. But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new phase in the relationship between jobs and education? There are good reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to changeand that the current recession-driven downturn (衰退)

26、in the demand for Western graduates will morph (改变) into something structural. The strong wind of creative destruction that has shaken so many blue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive elite as well. D. The supply of university graduates is increasing rapidly.

27、 The Chronicle of Higher Education calculates that between 1990 and 2007 the number of students going to university increased by 22% in North America, 74% in Europe, 144% in Latin America and 203% in Asia. In 2007 150m people attended university around the world, including 70m in Asia. Emerging econ

28、omiesespecially Chinaare pouring resources into building universities that can compete with the elite of America and Europe. They are also producing professional-services firms such as Tata Consulting Services and Infosys that take fresh graduates and turn them into world-class computer programmers

29、and consultants. The best and the brightest of the rich world must increasingly compete with the best and the brightest from poorer countries who are willing to work harder for less money. E. At the same time, the demand for educated labor is being reconfigured (重新配置) by technology, in much the same

30、 way that the demand for agricultural labor was reconfigured in the 19th century and that for factory labor in the 20th. Computers can not only perform repetitive mental tasks much faster than human beings. They can also empower amateurs to do what professionals once did: why hire a flesh-and-blood

31、accountant to complete your tax return when Turbotax (a software package) will do the job at a fraction of the cost? And the variety of jobs that computers can do is multiplying as programmers teach them to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity. F. Several economists, including Paul Krugman, have

32、begun to argue that post-industrial societies will be characterized not by a relentless rise in demand for the educated but by a great “hollowing out“, as mid-level jobs are destroyed by smart machines and high-level job growth slows. David Autor, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),

33、points out that the main effect of automation in the computer era is not that it destroys blue-collar jobs but that it destroys any job that can be reduced to a routine. Alan Blinder of Princeton University, argues that the jobs graduates have traditionally performed are if anything more “offshorabl

34、e“ than low-wage ones. A plumber or lorry-driver“s job cannot be outsourced to India. A computer programmer“s can. G. A university education is still a prerequisite for entering some of the great industries, such as medicine, law and academia (学术界), that provide secure and well-paying jobs. Over the

35、 20th century these industries did a wonderful job of raising barriers to entrysometimes for good reasons (nobody wants to be operated on by a barber) and sometimes for self-interested ones. But these industries are beginning to bend the rules. Newspapers are fighting a losing battle with the blogos

36、phere. Universities are replacing tenure-track professors with non-tenured staff. Law firms are contracting out routine work such as “discovery“ (digging up documents relevant to a lawsuit) to computerized-search specialists such as Blackstone Discovery. Even doctors are threatened, as patients find

37、 advice online and treatment in Walmart“s new health centers. H. Thomas Malone of MIT argues that these changesautomation, globalization and deregulationmay be part of a bigger change: the application of the division of labor to brain-work. Adam Smith“s factory managers broke the production of pins

38、into 18 components. In the same way, companies are increasingly breaking the production of brain-work into ever tinier slices. TopCoder chops up IT projects into bite-sized chunks and then serves them up to a worldwide workforce of freelance coders. I. These changes will undoubtedly improve the prod

39、uctivity of brain-workers. They will allow consumers to sidestep (规避) the professional industries that have extracted high rents for their services. And they will empower many brain-workers to focus on what they are best at and contract out more tedious tasks to others. But the reconfiguration of br

40、ain-work will also make life far less cozy and predictable for the next generation of graduates.（分数：70.00）(1).The creative destruction that has happened to blue-collar workers in the past also starts to affect the cognitive elite.（分数：7.00）(2).For the next generation of graduates, life will be far le

41、ss comfortable and predictable with brain-work reconfigured.（分数：7.00）(3).After computers are taught by programmers to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity, the variety of jobs they can do will increase dramatically.（分数：7.00）(4).Most school-leavers believe that, despite the huge debts they owe, go

42、ing to university will increase their chances of getting secure jobs with high salaries.（分数：7.00）(5).Modern companies are more likely to break the production of intellectual work into ever tinier slices.（分数：7.00）(6).A scholar of Princeton University claims that the jobs traditionally taken by gradua

43、tes are more likely to be offshored than low-wage ones.（分数：7.00）(7).The income gap between an American professional degree bolder and an American high-school graduate shows income is closely related to educational qualifications.（分数：7.00）(8).The changes in the division of brain-work will save consum

44、ers some high service fees the professional organizations charge.（分数：7.00）(9).Some students have always been told that, to achieve success in a globalised world, it is most advisable to equip themselves with education.（分数：7.00）(10).Emerging economies are providing a lot of resources to build univers

45、ities to compete with the elite of America and Europe.（分数：7.00）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：72.00)People“s tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians.

46、They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere.

47、 At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are

48、large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles thro

49、ugh landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path, lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance walker and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy,