GRE17及答案解析.doc

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1、GRE17及答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Research has proven that unlike their sober -|_|-who slowed down after making a mistake to try to correct their actions, men who imbibe alcohol show no signs of such -|_|-behavior.（分数：1.00）A.adversaries . laudatoryB.counterparts . c

2、orrectiveC.protagonists . conciliatoryD.functionaries . properE.contemporaries . edified2.The reality of governance is rarely -|_|-; institutions do not operate according to mechanical laws, they evolve organically.（分数：1.00）A.staticB.nobleC.proteanD.documentedE.inconsistent3.Ancient people felt much

3、 -|_|-concerning the notion that the appearance of comets was inauspicious, but nevertheless exhibited -|_|-concerning the proper reaction to the phenomenon.（分数：1.00）A.conviction . apprehensionB.apathy . ignoranceC.disparity . discordD.consensus . disagreementE.suspicion . hesitancy4.Except in times

4、 of -|_|-, we would scarcely allow public officials to declare states of emergency that replace some normal rules with those more -|_|-to extraordinary circumstances.（分数：1.00）A.debate diffidentB.serenity indifferentC.catastrophe germaneD.obedience ill-suitedE.disaster hostile5.An excellent philateli

5、st can detect a forged -|_|-with a single glance, for a true specimen bears markings and characteristics, without exception, that the -|_|-invariably lacks.（分数：1.00）A.painting imitationB.insect approximationC.coin originalD.stamp facsimileE.treatise falsehood6.Because many of the blacklists in the c

6、ommunications and entertainment industries were secret, the number of playwrights, script writers, novelists, and journalists who were -|_|-to stop writing permanently is -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.happy . astoundingB.forced . unknownC.unafraid . impressiveD.inclined . unsurprisingE.remiss . inconceivable7.Wh

7、ile the causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction have received the most attention, Alvarezs paper points out work on the other major mass extinctions that may also be -|_|-for the tragedy.（分数：1.00）A.answerableB.indefensibleC.pitiableD.reprehensibleE.avoidable二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The distinc

8、tion between making art and thinking and writing about it should imply neither a mutual exclusiveness nor a hierarchic differentiation of these processes. Leonardo demonstrated that producing art and theorizing about Line it need not be antithetically opposed activities and that meaningful contribut

9、ions can be achieved successfully in more than one field. Inexplicably, few theorists have built as memorable architectural structures as his and even fewer artists have been entrusted with the directorship of an influential art institution. Unfortunately, as theory and practice became more speciali

10、zed in the modernera and their operational framework clearly defined both in the cultural milieu and the educational process, their independent paths and boundaries have curtailed possibilities of interaction. The creations of categories and divisions have further emphasized highly individualized id

11、iosyncrasies and, by exposing differences, diminished the value of a unifying artistic vocabulary. The transformative cultural process of the last decades has critically examined the artificial separations between theoretical and studio practices and disclosed viable connections between making, writ

12、ing, thinking, looking and talking about art. The recent dialogue between the various components of the artistic discourse has recognized the common denominators shared by theoretical analyses and artistic production, one of which is clearly exposed by the argument that the central objective of the

13、theorist and artist is to unmask and understand artistic meanings in painting or text. The notion that “true“ art is the product of individuals who are incapable of in-depth understanding, in stark contrast to erudite, restrained and controlled scholars, is an outdated model. The assumption that art

14、ists make art but cannot or do not have to talk or write about it and that theorists rarely know anything about the creative process, has been consistently refuted by the many texts written from Leonardo da Vinci to Mary Kelly. Even van Gogh, a martyr of the stereotypical “misunderstood genius,“ who

15、se artistic career has been distorted by scores of films and books, wrote with lucidity and insight about art and his work. Apparently, the “mystery“ of the creative process, jealously protected by artists but also selectively cultivated by some art historians has been both a fascination and frustra

16、tion for those extrinsic to the process and artists have exposed the intimacy of creativity while acknowledging the role of cognition in creativity. Even the ironic and subversive demise of authorship of the post-modern and electronic age acknowledges, at least indirectly, the value of the artists i

17、ndividual participation. However, many contemporary artists have abandoned the hierarchic segregation of the inner realm of the creator and, by combining theoretical and studio practices, brought a reconciliatory tone to the processes of making art and analyzing it. Their works, which are often simu

18、ltaneously artistic productions and critique of the artistic discourse, make use of visual and textual forms to expose the connection between looking and thinking as the essential attribute to both creating and understanding art. （分数：0.98）(1).According to the passage, the specialization of art and t

19、heory has tended to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.reduce the level of control artists have over artistic institutionsB.increase the usefulness of creating a unifying artistic vocabularyC.permit a greater level of development of knowledge concerning bothD.curtail interactions and establish false boundaries betwee

20、n the two fieldsE.complicate the educational process of artists in an unfortunate manner(2).It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the modern era artistic practice was regarded as -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.a hermetic field without potential for collaboration, given that it was almost exclusively p

21、opulated by “misunderstood geniuses“B.a field less isolated from the practice of critical analysis than the artistic process of the present eraC.more meaningful and useful as a self-critical force than the aesthetic judgments of non-artists, especially art historiansD.primarily concerned with the ma

22、sking and concealment of artistic meanings from the general publicE.seldom times as specialized as the various branches of science from which art has traditionally been distinguished(3).Which of the following best states the authors main point about artists who have abandoned the hierarchical distin

23、ction between art and theory?（分数：0.14）A.Theirs is a sterile, abstract practice, unlikely to produce few lasting works.B.They have demonstrated that critics are less important to the art-making process than the public commonly believes.C.They have laudably focused their energy on exposing the extent

24、to which theory informs their own practice.D.They have, to the detriment of their work, lost track of inner realm of the creator.E.They have demonstrated a positive alternative to critics who have abandoned their field to become artists.(4).The passage suggests that the mystification of the artistic

25、 process by certain art historians and artists can be traced to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.the necessity of protecting artistic meaning from a general public who would most likely misunderstand and object to itB.an unconscious tendency of non-artists to lionize those artists whom the public admires but fails

26、to understandC.a desire to protect and maintain the isolation between those who make art and those who analyze it, so as to reinforce the creative/critical distinctionD.a movement to expunge the challenging texts of dual artist/critics like Leonardo da Vinci and Mary Kelly from the critical canonE.a

27、 distinction between the methodology of scholars, who tend to be erudite, and that of artists, who are more intuitive in their thinking processes(5).The passage suggests that the post-modernist relegation of an artworks author to a minor and irrelevant post -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.has resulted in a greater

28、 embrace of art forms that are sometimes wholly electronicB.has failed to entirely counter the notion that art-making originates at some point with an individualC.has enabled artists to demonstrate the visual and textual connections between art and art criticismD.has tended to increase the intimacy

29、of creation at the expense of the cognition of artistsE.has tended to subtly reinforce the ways in which artists are perceived as martyrs(6).The authors primary purpose in mentioning van Gogh is most likely to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.cite the case of an artist whose intention was to increase the mystificat

30、ion of the artistic processB.discuss an artist whose life has been consistently distorted by biographers and filmmakersC.give an example of an artist depicted as incapable of comprehending his own art work but able to do so in factD.provide an instance of an artist whose work can scarcely be underst

31、ood without the assistance of art criticsE.mention the example of an artist whose critical faculties were rightly overshadowed by his artistic abilities(7).Which of the following persuasive devices is NOT used in the passage?（分数：0.14）A.An example of an artist whose work critics misunderstandB.The co

32、ntrast of different points of viewC.The repetition of key ideas and expressionsD.A mention of the most recent trends in art-makingE.Evaluative or judgmental wordsElectronic computer speeds are restricted not only by the speed of electrons in matter but also by the escalating density of interconnecti

33、ons necessary to connect the electronic gates on microchips. Electrical engineers and physicists have been developing and augmenting the technologies of analog and digital optical computing, in which the information is primarily carried by photons rather than by electrons. Optical computing could, i

34、n principle, generate much higher computer speeds, but one of the problems it has encountered lies in accuracy, for these devices have practical limits of 8 to 11 bits of accuracy in basic operations. Recent research has evinced that digital partitioning algorithms in tandem with error-correction co

35、des, can substantially enhance the accuracy of optical computing operations. In the near term optical computers will most likely be hybrid optical/electronic systems that preprocess input data for computation and post-process output data via electronic circuits, but nevertheless, the prospect of all

36、-optical computing remains highly attractive.（分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning optical computers?（分数：-0.25）A.Researchers have not yet discovered a means of transporting photons more efficiently.B.Their primary limitation is the density of connections r

37、equired between electronic microchip gates.C.Their accuracy level is poor at 8 to 11 bits, but still superior to that Of electronic computers.D.They invariably rely on electronic circuits to preprocess input data for computation.E.Both analog and digital forms of optic computing are presently being

38、developed by scientists.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be more optimistic about optical computing if which of the following were true?（分数：-0.25）A.Digital partitioning algorithms could be applied to electronic, and not just optical circuits.B.The speed of photons could

39、be shown to be significantly greater than that of electrons.C.The precision level in basic operations can be substantially increased without great expense.D.The accuracy of electronic circuits used to preprocess input data and post- process data could be greatly increased.E.The microchips optical co

40、mputer systems were shown to require an increasing density of interconnections.(3).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the technology employed in optical computing?（分数：-0.25）A.The technology is more expensive to develop than the technology that was required in electronic co

41、mputing.B.The search for technology necessary for all-optical computing is considered unfeasible and has been largely abandoned.C.Optical computers systems that rely on digital partitioning algorithms in tandem with error-correction codes are considered hybrid technology.D.The technology necessary f

42、or digital optical computing appears within closer reach than the technology for analog optical computing.E.The most feasible version of optical computing at present is a synthesis of electronic and optical technology.(4).The passage suggests that the author would most probably agree with which of t

43、he following assessments of optical computing in its present form?（分数：-0.25）A.Although the future of optical computing is impressive, its applications are too limited in scope to justify much optimism.B.The outlook of its development is positive on the surface, but many claims made about it are misl

44、eading.C.Efforts to develop the technology have been sufficiently positive to maintain the interest of electrical engineers and physicists.D.Because of design flaws, the task of developing optical computing will require greater resources than are presently available.E.The state of development of opt

45、ical computing is too contradictory to allow for an easy assessment of its future.四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.ASTRONOMER: TELESCOPE:（分数：1.00）A.astrologer: constellationB.surgeon: pipetteC.conductor: batonD.carpenter: trowelE.cartographer: foolscap9.FLAX: LINEN : :（分数：1.00）A.cinder: coalB.clay: china

46、C.bar: goldD.mud: depositE.porcelain: mosaic10.PREVARICATE: TRUTH : :（分数：1.00）A.expound: incoherenceB.invent: exculpationC.involve: disclosureD.equivocate: commitmentE.substantiate: fabrication11.PSEUDONYM: NAME : :（分数：1.00）A.falsification: prevaricationB.maneuver: benefitC.disguise: identityD.ornam

47、entation: exteriorE.facsimile: asset12.PERTURB: SERENITY : :（分数：1.00）A.denounce: rantB.interdict: protectionC.purify: imperfectionD.vex: irritationE.fondle: attachment13.BUMPER: DAMAGING : :（分数：1.00）A.ballast: founderingB.scale: comparingC.buoy: navigatingD.drill: extractingE.hoist: cantilevering14.

48、CONVOLUTED: COMPLEXITY : :（分数：1.00）A.immutable: temporalityB.transient: evanescenceC.notable: quiddityD.commodious: popularityE.uncanny: repulsiveness15.MERITOCRACY: ACHIEVEMENT : :（分数：1.00）A.plutocracy: wealthB.elitism: expertiseC.theocracy: wisdomD.bureaucracy: authorityE.gerontocracy: superiority

49、16.CISTERN: LIQUIDS : :（分数：1.00）A.cantilever: crowbarB.stalagmite: grottoC.landfill: refuseD.armory: countermeasuresE.breviary: wildlife五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.PLASTICITY:（分数：1.00）A.adjacencyB.arrangementC.dormancyD.inflexibilityE.tension18.INDIGENCE:（分数：1.00）A.conceitB.livelinessC.bravenessD.staminaE.ab