【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-6及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, (1) at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social (2) play a surprisingly powerful a

2、nd under-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The (3) reported last summer that obesity appeared to (4) from one person to ano

3、ther (5) social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced (6) findings about another major health (7) : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a persons decision to (8) the h

4、abit is strongly affected by (9) other people in their social network quiteven people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually (10) For (11) of their studies, they (12) of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated

5、in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were (13) somehowthrough spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workersenabling the researchers to study a network that (14) 12,067 people. Taken together, thes

6、e studies are (15) a growing recognition that many behaviors are (16) by social networks in (17) that have not been fully understood. And (18) may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many (19) , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or

7、 even (20) crime.（分数：10.00）(1).A so B but C as D although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A resource B database C communication D intranet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A pair B sociologists C spouse D universities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A range B differ C vary D spread（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A between B among C in D through（分

8、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A consequent B controversial C similar D diffident（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A issue B dispute C problem D question（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A cultivate B kick C leave D tick（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A how B that C what D whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A surprisingly B simultaneously C spontaneousl

9、y D strongly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A neither B none C both D which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A made a companion B took advantage C took an attitude D had the best（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A concerned B excluded C encouraged D connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A totaled B increased C summed D added（分数：0.50）A.B.C.

10、D.(15).A filling B blocking C fueling D contributing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A swayed B deviated C bettered D deteriorated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A order B ways C fear D case（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A it B there C they D if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A reasons B keeps C good D purposes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A bann

11、ing B promoting C fighting D committing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People dont want to buy information online. Why? Because they dont have to. No more than that because theyre used to not paying for it. Thats the conventional wis

12、dom. Slate, Microsofts online politics-and-culture magazine, is an oft-cited example of the failed attempts to charge a fee for access to content. So far, for most publishers, it hasnt worked. But nothing on the Web is a done deal. In September graphics-soft-ware powerhouse Adobe announced new appli

13、cations that integrate commerce into downloading books and articles online, with Simon it cares, relieving physical pain and mental anguish. Most often, cancer or cardiovascular(心血管病) disease carries hospice patients to their end, usually in weeks. But some are put on hold like Buchwald. Buchwald le

14、ft after five months. In one large study, 6 percent of hospice patients improved enough to be taken off the terminal list and sent home.Buchwald was shocked when the big sleep didnt come. Before Buchwald became the hospices superstar, he had been the poster boy for depression. But with the help of p

15、hysicians and medication, he didnt drown.Laugh or cry. Facing natural death, he now offers a message many of his contemporaries need to hear. Older men, particularly those in their 80s, have the highest rate of suicide. Risk factors for them notably include health issues. In fact, suicide often come

16、s soon after theyve seen a doctor. On that point, Buchwald notes the medical dearth of smiles and laughter.“ Look at how often doctors and nurses walk into a patients room all serious,“ he says. His prescription? They“ need to go to Disney World to be trained.“Laughter, of course, is the best medici

17、ne, and some studies even show humor is a biological stress reliever. As Buchwald sees it, many humorists use it as therapy to block out periods of hurt or anger.You would not know there were hurts or anger judging by his hospice time. Friends and family smothered Buchwald with love. VIPs beat a pat

18、h to the hospice door. And they all came bearing food, lots of cheesecake. He thrived. After he planned his funeral, he started up writing again and found he could write wonderfully.Buchwald is now teaching all of us how to live-and to die. Yet hes quick to add,“ I have had such a good time at the h

19、ospice. I am going to miss it./（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word“ Seasoned“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.A seasonal.B professional.C experienced.D sarcastic.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can infer from the text that hospice is a place _.A where patients who dont want or cant afford a treatm

20、ent are cared for.B where treatment focuses on the patients well-being rather than the cure.C Where patients with terminal diseases live happily until they die.D where less than six percents of patients make the recovery.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Buchwalds opinion, which of the following is true?A the

21、 suicidal rate for elders of his age is the highest among all ages.B doctors and nurses need to go to Disney World to relax from tension.C laughter is a fine remedy for the patients to get rid of fear of death.D laughter releases biological stress according to scientific studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4)

22、.What had Buchwald experienced before entering the hospice?A he was diagnosed with terminal heart failure.B the poisons in his blood caused kidney failure.C one of his legs fractured for lack of calcium.D he was depressed and wanted to die naturally.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).By saying“ I am going to miss

23、 it“ in the last paragraph, Buchwald wants to indicate that _.A he got better from the illness and was taken off the terminal list there.B he learned to be positive with the help of physicians and medication.C he was surrounded by the love of his friends, families and VIPs.D all through the hospice

24、time he was full of smile and laughter.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Long before man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descen

25、dants alive now. Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. 41._That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even o

26、f its climate. When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or

27、shell become embedded and preserved. 42_Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing, 43_Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to t

28、he sea bed, or to rocks. There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance, The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thous

29、ands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of

30、 the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast. The first animals with true backbones were fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibia

31、ns, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. 44_About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quick

32、ly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. 45_ A The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world. B The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 millio

33、n years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air. C Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings. D Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by

34、 water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. E The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. F Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, diss

35、olved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form. G From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate. Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably

36、accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ragtime is a musical form that synthesizes folk melodies and musical techniques into a brief quadrille-like structure, designed to be playedexactly as writtenon the pia

37、no. (46) A strong analogy exists between European composers like Ralph Vaughan Williams and Edward Grieg, who combined folk tunes and their own original materials in larger compositions and the pioneer composers in the United States. Composers like Scott Joplin and James Scott were in a sense collec

38、tors or musicologists, collecting dance and folk music in Black communities and consciously shaping it into brief suites or anthologies called piano rags.It has sometimes been charged that ragtime is mechanical. For instance, Wilfred Mellers comments, “rags were transferred to the pianola roll and,

39、even if not played by a machine, should be played like a machine, with meticulous precision.“ (47)However, there is no reason to assume that ragtime is inherently mechanical simply because commercial manufacturers applied a mechanical recording method to it, the only way to record pianos at that dat

40、e. Ragtimes is not a mechanical precision, and it is not precision limited to the style of performance. It arises from ragtimes following a well-defined form and obeying simple rules within that form.The classic formula for the piano rag disposes three to five themes in sixteen-bar strains, often or

41、ganized with repeats. (48)The rag opens with a bright, memorable strain or theme, followed by a similar theme, leading to a melody of marked lyrical character, with the structure concluded by a lyrical strain that parallels the rhythmic developments of the earlier themes. The aim of the structure is

42、 to rise from one theme to another in a stair-step manner, ending on a note of triumph or exhilaration. Typically, each strain is divided into two 8-bar segments that are essentially alike, so the rhythmic-melodic unit of ragtime is only eight bars of 2/4 measure. (49) Therefore, not concerned with

43、development of musical themes, the ragtime composer instead sets a theme down intact, in finished form, and links it to various related themes that are brief with clear melodic figures. Tension in ragtime compositions arises from a polarity between two basic ingredients: a continuous basscalled by j

44、azz musicians a boom-chick bass-in the pianists left hand, and its melodic, syncopated counterpart in the right hand.Ragtime remains distinct from jazz both as an instrumental style and as a genre. Ragtime style stresses a pattern of repeated rhythms, not the constant inventions and variations of ja

45、zz. (50)As a genre, ragtime requires strict attention to structure, not inventiveness or virtuosity, existing as a tradition, a set of conventions, a body of written scores, separate from the individual players associated with it. In this sense ragtime is more akin to folk music of the nineteenth ce

46、ntury than to jazz.（分数：10.00）_十、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Write a letter to apply for a position in a local English training school. In the description you should include the following items: 1) what is the position? 2) your experience and related ability.（分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Directions:Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret their intended meanings, and3) point out their implications in our life.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on