【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-4及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-4及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-4及答案解析.doc（29页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、西医综合-生物化学-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a crucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously (1) each war through a new communication (2) , from the early silent film of

2、World War I to the 24-hour cable news (3) of the first Persian Gulf War.Now, (4) bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime (5) for online news has become a central test of the (6) of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good (7) both to attract users to online media (8) and t

3、o persuade them to pay for the material they find there, (9) the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to (10) to cable during the last war in Iraq.(11) by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet (12) , now at more than 70 million in the Un

4、ited States, the web sites of many of the major news organizations have (13) assembled a novel collage (拼贴) of (14) video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry (15) , interactive maps and other new digital reportage.These Internet services are (16) on the remarkable abundance of

5、 sounds and images (17) from video cameras (18) on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a (19) audience of American office workers (20) their computers during the early combat.（分数：10.00）(1).A notified B publicized C followed D pursued（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A means B mediu

6、m C method Dmeasure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A coverage B publication C convention D conveyance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A during B in C as D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A report B demand C concern D prospect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A ability B chance C potential D power（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A opportunity B perspecti

7、ve C message D response（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A outlets B resources C circumstances D positions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A for all that B now that C just as D as if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A subject B contribute C apply D subscribe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Discouraged B Inspired C Impressed D Effected（分数：0.50）A

8、.B.C.D.(12).A approach B usage C application D access（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A radically B plausibly C orderly D hastily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A living B alive C live D lively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A destruction B displays C installation D contest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A capitalizing B embarking C broadc

9、asting D operating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A accessible B desirable C feasible D available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A focused B rested C reckoned D depended（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A continuous B perpetual C captive D temporary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A with B at C beside D near（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading

10、 Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has

11、 been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Ti

12、mes, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as fain

13、t praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do

14、 is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mus

15、t compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live perform

16、ances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new mu

17、sic that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that di

18、fference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasA

19、incurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Bre

20、ject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible

21、 to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It used to be so str

22、aightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor w

23、ould accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are makin

24、g money from government-funded research by restricting access to itis making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria U

25、niversity in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public

26、investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $ 11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there

27、are more than 2 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16 000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three m

28、ain ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically sup- ported by asking the author (or his employer) t

29、o pay for the paper to be published: Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where. journals allow only subscri

30、bers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer- review process, at least for the publication of papers.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author discussesA the background

31、 information of journal editing.B the publication routine of laboratory reports.C the relations of authors with journal publishers.D the traditional process of journal publication.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the OECD report?A It criticizes government-funded research.B It i

32、ntroduces an effective means of publication.C It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D It benefits scientific research considerably.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, online publication is significant in thatA it provides an easier access to scientific results.B it brings huge profits t

33、o scientific researchers.C it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge. D it facilitates public investment in scientific research.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required toA cover the cost of its publication.B subscribe to the journal

34、publishing it.C allow other online journals to use it freely.D complete the peer-review before submission.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the text?A The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B A new mode of publication is emerging.C Authors welcome the pew channel for

35、 publication.D Publication is rendered easier by online service.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it into rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people ,though,

36、arent so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad idea.When oil burns, it doesn t just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people burn so much oil, there s too much ca

37、rbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the“ greenhouse gases“ that is causing the Earth s temperature to rise.Environmentalists say that the oil companies plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making su

38、re that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won t seep into the air. They also point out that there s no way to check to make sure the gas isn t leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs money-fo

39、r research and for equipment-that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else.Another problem, say some people who are concerned about the Earth, is that if the oil companies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won t loo

40、k for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil. They argue that continuing to use oil means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead

41、of producing our own cheap, clean energy.Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil companies pump carbon dioxide into the rocks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that

42、 no one knows if this plan-even if it works-might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future.The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable way to deal with it. They point out that there is a lot of room in the Earth for thi

43、s extra gas, and that putting carbon dioxide inside the Earth means that the gas wont be in the air, and if it s not in the air, it won t make the Earth warmer.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, oil results in air pollution becauseA it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.B it produces

44、too much heat that warm up the temperature.C it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.D it is called the“ greenhouse gas“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to some environmentalist, the oil companiesA are further polluting the air by using more oil than clean energy.B are not really c

45、oncerned with solving the problem of pollution.C are attempting to reduce the pollution they have done to the air.D are in need of research and equipment in pollution prevention.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of burying pollution?A It actually prevents

46、 companies from looking for other energy sources.B It is difficult to make sure that the buried gas will stay where they are.C It might turn up with serious consequences in the years to come.D It will possibly take up too much room in the earth to be sustainable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The best title f

47、or this passage might beA How to Deal with Air Pollution.B Ways to Maintain a Clean Atmosphere.C Argument over Burying Pollution.D Environmentally Minded Oil Companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author s attitude towards this idea of burying pollution seems to beA objective. B indifferent. C confused.

48、 D critical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like all quintessentially British things, gardening is a pastime that has long been in decline. From a high point of 5 billion in 2001, spending on plants, tools and garden furniture has fallen every year since then, to around 3 billion in 2008The

49、 arrival of economic recession only deepened the gloom: to credit-crunched consumers, shrubs and hanging baskets seemed obvious candidates for cuts. Yet the latest figures from the Horticultural Trades Association (HTA) suggest a bumper year for garden-related expenditure is in the making. Sales volumes