【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-3及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be (1) on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is le

2、ss than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2) it is not far off that of Latvia-one of the ten new members which (3) on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4) of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5) talks with the EU that could make them

3、 full members on January 1st 2007.(6) , the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7) of growth that no EU country comes close to (8) . Turke

4、ys (9) rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10) agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey (11) inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience.Resilience has not h

5、istorically been the countrys economic strong point. (12) , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13) a violent heart attack. This (14) has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such

6、 investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15) have scarcely ever reached $1 billion.One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16) on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six ze

7、ros will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉，土耳其货币单位);one unit of the local (17) will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now-ie, about 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be (18) in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19) foreign bankers and (20) can begin to look for

8、ward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.（分数：10.00）(1).A decided B voted C elected D appointed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A But B So C Though D While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A presented B attended C joined D participated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A

9、 that B which C those D these（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A application B accession C reception D negotiation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Unfortunately B However C Therefore D Furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A ratio B rate C rhythm D rhyme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A approaching B surpassing C matching D succeeding（分数：

10、0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A inflation B interest C investment D tariff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A claimed B reached C concluded D achieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A reduce B drop C shrink D descend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Instead B Indeed C Accordingly D Surprisingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A manifesting B accounting C

11、 recording D photocopying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A mobility B flexibility C stability D irregularity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A inflows B imports C exports D outputs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A revive B remain C disappear D discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A current B currency C stock D share（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18

12、).A priced B labeled C claimed D exchanged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A though B but C for D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A merchants B travelers C investors D executives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)She was French; he was English; they ha

13、d just moved to London from Paris. When he found out about her affair, she begged for a reconciliation. He was more ruthless: the same afternoon, he filed for divorce in France, one of the stingiest jurisdictions in Europe for the non-earning spouse and where adultery affects the courts ruling. Had

14、she filed first in England her conduct would have been irrelevant, and she would have had a good chance of a large share of the marital assets, and even maintenance for life. International divorce is full of such dramas and anomalies, so the natural response of policymakers is to try to make things

15、simpler and more predictable. But the biggest attempt in recent years to do just that, in a European agreement called Rome , has just been shelved. Instead, several EU countries are now pressing ahead with their own harmonisation deal. Many wonder if it will work any better. At issue is the vexed qu

16、estion of which countrys law applies to the break-up of a mixed marriage. The spouses may live long-term in a third country and be temporarily working in a fourth. The worst way to sort that out is with expensive legal battles in multiple jurisdictions. The main principle at present is that the firs

17、t court to be approached hears the case. Introduced in 2001, this practice has worked well in preventing international legal battles, but has made couples much more trigger-happy, because the spouse who hesitates in order to save a troubled marriage may lose a huge amount of money. Rome III aimed to

18、 remove the incentive to go to court quickly. Instead, courts in any EU country would automatically apply the local law that had chiefly governed the marriage. This approach is already in force in countries such as the Netherlands. A couple that moved there and sought divorce having spent most of th

19、e marriage in France, say, would find a Dutch court dividing assets and handling child custody according to French law. That works fine among continental European countries where legal systems, based on Roman law, leave little role for precedent or the judges discretion. You can look up the rules on

20、 a website and apply them. But it is anathema in places such as England, where the system favours a thorough (and often expensive) investigation of the details of each case, and then lets judges decide according to previous cases and English law. Another snag is that what may suit middle-class expat

21、riates in Brussels (who just happened to be the people drafting Rome ) may not suit, for example, a mixed marriage that has mainly been based in a country, perhaps not even an EU member, with“ a sharply different divorce law. Swedish politicians dont like the idea that their courts would be asked to

22、 enforce marriage laws based on, say, Islamic sharia. The threat of vetoes from Sweden and like-minded countries has blocked Rome . But a group of nine countries, led by Spain and France, is going ahead. They are resorting to a provision in EU rules-never before invoked-called “ enhanced co-operatio

23、n“ This sets a precedent for a “multi-speed“ Europe in which like-minded countries are allowed to move towards greater integration, rather than seeking a “big-bang“ binding treaty that scoops up the willing and unwilling alike. Some countries worry that using enhanced co-operation will create unmana

24、geable layers of complexity, with EU law replaced by multiple adhoc agreements. The real lesson may be that Rome III was just too ambitious. A more modest but useful goal would be simply to clarify the factors that determine which court hears a divorce, and then let that court apply its own law. Dav

25、id Hodson, a British expert, proposes an international deal that would start by giving greatest weight to any prenuptial agreement, followed by long-term residency, and then take into account other factors such as nationality. That would then make it easier to end marriages amicably, with mediation

26、and out-of-court agreement, rather than a race to start the beastly business of litigation. （分数：10.00）(1).What does the author try to express by setting out the example in the first paragraph? A Divorce filed in England will be advantageous. B France stipulates rigid laws towards divorce. C In Europ

27、e international divorce cases always encounter the problem that which countrys law is applicable. D International marriages shall be discouraged due to the complexity in divorce affairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following may possibly be the reason for why several EU countries are now pressi

28、ng ahead with their own harmonisation deal? A Vetoes from some countries blocked Rome III from being put into effect. B Citizens in those countries require the government to do so. C Rome was just too ambitious to encompass all the issues that may occur in Europe, thus lacking of feasibility in spec

29、ific cases. D Differences between civil law system and common law system force this.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does “trigger-happy“ in the fourth paragraph most probably mean7 A Couples are more inclined to divorce, being detrimental to the matrimonial stability of Europe. B Couples are more inclined

30、 to quarrel during the divorce, postponing the settlement of the case. C Couples that fail to divorce would be ashamed into anger, thus pursing extreme ways. D Couples that want to divorce are more inclined to file their case to the courts in the country where they live.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is

31、the ultimate problem with Rome according to the author? A It is not passed in all the member countries in EU. B Important amendments fail to be applied to make it more applicable. C Its rules are not applicable in all the member countries. D It is too ambitious to encompass all the issues that may o

32、ccur in Europe, thus lacking of feasibility in specific cases.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, what might possibly be a reasonable course in determining which court hears a divorce.9 A Prenuptial agreement-long-term residency-nationality B Long-term residency-birth place-nationality of th

33、e party who filed divorce C Prenuptial agreement-nationality-birth place D Court first hears the case-prenuptial agreement-long-term residency（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social

34、policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsis

35、tence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably

36、 mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the

37、 poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-mark

38、et-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing job

39、lessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly u

40、nemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, s

41、o that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, h

42、ence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the c

43、onsequences of labor market problems.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the tollowing does “ labor market problems“ in the first sentenee refer to?A Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C Trade relationships among producers of goods.D The overall causes of

44、poverty.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that_.A more people were unemployed in the 1930sB social programs are more needed nowC unemployment now has less severe effectsD there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among tho

45、se in poverty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness a

46、n evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial caus

47、es of the phenomena that they purport to measure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show thatA there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB unempl

48、oyment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the t

49、ext, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over predict the amount of economic hardship is the_.A recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC establishment of a system of record keeping that ma