【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-2及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French charm offensive (1) at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe? Thats the

2、 question being asked in Paris, (2) top government officials are (3) talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties (4) their neighbors across the Rhine. (5) the end of World War II the Franco-German relationship has been the motor of European integration, the (6) force behind the creation of th

3、e European Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has (7) in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to (8) her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozys grandstanding. Sarkozy, (9) , has often been impatient with what he (10) Merkel

4、s lack of resolve. The sometimes (11) personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held (12) in 1984 in a Verdun cemetery. Theres been tension on (13) , too. Charles Grant, director of the

5、London-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been (14) on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic (15) to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia. But influential movers in France are now (16) to put the relationship

6、back on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne (17) an ambitious agenda for the two nations, (18) that a new impetus is needed if Europes voice is to be heard in a world (19) of big new players, such as Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama seems

7、 fax more (20) with China and the rest of Asia than with Americas traditional allies in Europe.（分数：10.00）(1).A conducted B struck C intended D aimed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A which B that C where D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A confidentially B openly C zealously D conservatively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A towa

8、rds B with C against D off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A Since B Before C At D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A armed B interruptive C influential D driving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A deteriorated B aggravated C moderated D cooled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A recover B discover C conceal D reveal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A on the

9、whole B in turn C on the other hand D on the contrary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A constructs B convinces C conceals D considers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A sound B harmonious C tense D hostile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A conferences B hands C opportunities D prejudices（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A principle B business C

10、 cooperation D policy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A at the cost B at peace C at odds D at a loss（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A danger B war C crisis D time（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A eager B delighted C worried D reluctant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A turned out B laid out C made out D gave out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A agree

11、ing B criticizing C arguing D opposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A filled B lack C void D full（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A stimulated B preoccupied C concentrated D accustomed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Several years ago, at the height of

12、the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasnt: for many, there is still little to match the joy of reading a printed book and settling down for one hour. But recently som

13、e big technology companies, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo, contend that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive. The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, Google, the world s most popular search engine, posted a first

14、 installment of books on Google Print. This collaborative effort between Google and several worlds leading research libraries aims to make books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the rage o

15、f publishers. Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more,

16、but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google Print Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy the complete

17、books online or in print form. Amazon, the worlds largest online retailer, has made plans to enter the mass e-book market by selling a vast array of goods. Given that Google should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow c

18、ustomers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher.

19、Microsoft has also joined the online-book trend. In October, the software giant said it would spend around $ 200 million to digitize texts, starting with I50,000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance. And on Thursday, co

20、incidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the countrys main reference library, to digitize some 25 million pages ; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year.

21、（分数：10.00）(1).What is the text talking about? A The goods of Google. B The differences between books printed and books online. C Some big technology companies bring plans on the e-books. D The publishers dont agree with the e-books plan.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of Google a

22、ccording to the text? A It will invariably provide free online reading for its customers. B It has become the worlds most popular book publisher. C It facilitates books reading and searching to a larger extent. D It has gained permission to publish the complete books online.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What

23、 is the controversial point between the publishers and the technology companies? A The publishers hope they can offer books of top quality. B The publishers hope they can respect copyright of original books. C The publishers hope they can provide the comments. D The publishers hope they can digitize

24、 as many books as possible.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the plan does NOT belong to Microsoft? A Prepare to invest $ 200 million on the e-books. B Cooperate with the British Library to digitize some 25 million pages. C Introduce some new services to Amazon. D Launch the MSN Book Search next year.（分

25、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which is the best title for the text? A A Publishing Revolution B Amazon, the Largest Online Retailer C Online Books, a Prospering Service D Competition between Publishers and Net Companies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The objective of the migrant health program of the

26、United States government is to provide grants for the development and enhancement of high quality health care services in rural areas for migrant and seasonal farm workers and their families so as to raise the status of health care for these people to that of the general population. This amelioratio

27、n can be achieved by providing comprehensive heahh services, which are made aeeessible to people who move frequently, and by improving the physical environment so as to assure healthful living and working conditions wherever workers are located.Grants are available to state and local health departme

28、nls and other nonprofit agencies, organizations, and institutions. These funds can he used for the following purposes: to establish and operate general family health service facilities and clinics; to provide heahh education, training, and sanitation services to upgrade health conditions; and to ini

29、tiate preventive health services. Preventive care in the form of immunization programs is the oldest aspect of the program.The program further attempts to promote flexibility in locating health services where they will be accessible at times and places convenient to migrant workers and their familie

30、s. The family heahh care clinic, with additional outreach services by field nurses and aides who visit migrant families in camps and at their homes for counseling and follow-up, constitutes the newest and most significant innovation in the initiate preventive health services. However, despite the in

31、troduction of innovative approaches, heahh care services for migrant workers are still limited and highly inadequate.Although the migrant health program has no fixed matctling ratio, a grantee is required to pay part of the cost, which varies from project to project. Many rural counties do not have

32、enough money to cover matching payments, nor do many states consider migran! workers health a budget priority. The costsharing requirement limits the potential effectiveness of the program, and literally hundreds of communities with a yearly influx of nngrant workers still lack organized local progr

33、ams to provide the needed services.A major problem for local or state health agencies is their inability to develop case histories and ongoing communication with migrant workers. Lack of knowledge regarding migrant workers health needs is another reason for the dearth of services. There has been lit

34、tle communication about health problems among communities, health professionals, and migrant workers themselves. Ignorance of a groups special needs often leads to exclusion and rejection of that group and its prohlems. This is often the case with migrant workers, as evidenced by the enforcement of

35、state residency requirement. It is, of course, impossible for most migrant workers to meet these requirements and become eligible fro“ existing state and local heahh and welfare aid.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “amelioration“ (Para. 1) most probably mean?A Complexation. B Population. C Improveme

36、nt. D Comprehension.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the funds?A Family health services. B Education training services.C Health education services. D Illness-preventive services.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following limits the potential effectiveness of the pro

37、gram?A A grantee need to pay no cost.B Many states consider migrant workers health a budget priority.C Migrant workers are not well-organized.D Many local government cant afford the part of the cost they should pay.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is not true?A Local heahh agen

38、cies are unable to build effective communication with migrant workers.B Migrant workers seldom conununicate about health problems.C Ignorance of the migrant workers needs results from exclusion.D The migrant workers still have a long way to meet the requirements.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the auth

39、ors attitude toward the migrant health problem?A Subjective. B Objective. C Positive. D Negative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics“ are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,

40、often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling-we think we see it happening all the time-but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely un

41、tested theory called the “two-step flow of communication“: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of

42、 the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid atte

43、ntion. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends. In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they dont

44、seem to be required at all. The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outside presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal influence-even the most influential members of a populati

45、on simply dont interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affect

46、ed must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resist

47、ant, for example, the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency

48、 to be influenced. （分数：10.00）(1).By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to _. A analyze the consequences of social epidemics B discuss influentials function in spreading ideas C exemplify peoples intuitive response, to social epidemics D describe the essential characteristics of influentials（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory“ _. A serves as a solution to marketing problems B has helped explain certain prevalent trends C has won support from influentials D requires solid evidence for its validity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What the researchers ha