SAE J 1194-1977 Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s

3、ae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDSubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ1194REAF.NOV1999Issued 1977-06Reaffirmed 1999-11Superseding J1194 SEP1994R

4、ollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural TractorsForewordThis Reaffirmed Document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards Boardformat. Definitions have been changed to Section 3. All other section numbers have changed accordingly.1. Scope1.1 Fulfillment

5、of the intended purpose requires testing as follows:1.1.1 A laboratory test, under repeatable and controlled loading, to permit analysis of the ROPS for compliancewith the performance requirements of this SAE Standard. Either the static test (6.1) or the dynamic test (6.2)shall be conducted.1.1.2 A

6、crush test to verify the effectiveness of the deformed ROPS in supporting the tractor in an upset attitude.1.1.3 A field upset test under reasonably controlled conditions, both to the rear and side, to verify theeffectiveness of the protective system under actual dynamic conditions. (See 6.4.1.1 for

7、 requirements forthe omission of this test).1.1.4 In addition to the laboratory and field loading requirements, there is a temperature-material requirement.(See 7.1.2.)1.2 The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently availableengineering data.1.3

8、PurposeThe purpose of this document is to establish the test and performance requirements of a rolloverprotective structure (ROPS) designed for wheel-type agricultural tractors to minimize the frequency andseverity of operator injury resulting from accidental upsets. All self-propelled implements ar

9、e excluded.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-2-2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the exte

10、nt specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J114Seat Belt Assembly Webbing Abrasion Performance RequirementsSAE J140Seat Belt Hardware Test Procedur

11、eSAE J141Seat Belt Hardware Performance RequirementsSAE J339Seat Belt Assembly Webbing Abrasion Test ProcedureSAE J429Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded FastenersSAE J674Safety Glazing MaterialsMotor VehiclesSAE J800Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Assembly InstallationsSAE J995Mech

12、anical and Material Requirements for Steel NutsSAE J1349Engine Power Test CodeSpark Ignition and Compression IgnitionNet Power Rating2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM A 370-76Standard Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing

13、 of Steel Products2.1.3 ASAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St.Joseph, MI 49085-9659.ASAE R3133. Definitions3.1 Agricultural TractorAn Agricultural Tractor, for purposes of this document, is defined as a 2- or 4-wheel-drive type machine of

14、more than 15 kW (20 hp) net engine power as defined by SAE J1349, designed primarilyto provide the tractive power to pull, push, carry, propel, and/or provide power to implements designedprimarily for agricultural usage.3.2 Tractor MassThe Tractor Mass is defined as the maximum gross machine mass de

15、termined by themanufacturer or a minimum ratio of mass-to-maximum power takeoff power at rated engine speed of 67 kg/kW(110 lb/hp), whichever is greater. The mass includes the ROPS, all fuels, and other components required fornormal use. (In case power takeoff power is not available, use 95% of net

16、engine flywheel power.)3.3 Rollover Protective StructureA Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) is a cab or frame for the protection ofoperators of agricultural wheeled tractors to minimize the possibility of serious operator injury resulting fromaccidental upsets. The protective structure is charact

17、erized by providing space for the clearance zone insidethe envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edge of thestructure to any part of the tractor that might come in contact with flat ground, and is capable of supporting thetractor in that pos

18、ition if the tractor overturns. (See Figures 1, 2, and 3 for typical configurations.3.3.1 SEAT REFERENCE POINT1(SRP in Figures 4, 5, and 6) is that point where the vertical line tangent to themost forward point at the longitudinal seat centerline of the seat back, and the horizontal line tangent to

19、thehighest point of the seat cushion intersect in the longitudinal seat centerline section. The SRP is determinedwith the seat unloaded and adjusted to the highest and most rearward position provided for seated operationof the tractor.1. Consideration is being given to adopting the ISO definition wh

20、en it is approved.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-3-FIGURE 1TRACTOR WITH TYPICAL TWO-POST ROPSFIGURE 2TRACTOR WITH TYPICAL FOUR-POST ROPSFIGURE 3TRACTOR WIT

21、H TYPICAL PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURECopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-4-FIGURE 4TYPICAL REAR LOAD APPLICATIONFIGURE 5TYPICAL REAR LOAD APPLICATIONFIGURE 6TYPICAL SI

22、DE LOAD APPLICATIONCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-5-4. General Requirements4.1 Batteries, fuel tanks, oil reservoirs, and coolant systems shall be construc

23、ted and located or sealed to reducethe possibility of spillage which might be injurious to the operator in the event of upset.4.2 All sharp edges and corners at the operators station shall be appropriately treated to minimize operator injuryin the event of upset.4.3 Glazing shall conform to SAE J674

24、.4.4 Two or more operator exits shall be provided and positioned to reduce the possibility of all exits being blockedby the same accident.4.5 Rear input energy tests (static, dynamic, or field upset) need not be performed on ROPS applied to tractorshaving four driven wheels and where the static vert

25、ical force reaction at the front wheels is greater than thestatic vertical force reaction at the rear wheels, since this type of tractor is not prone to rearward upset.4.6 The tractor mass used shall be that of the heaviest tractor model on which the ROPS is to be used.4.7 New ROPS and mounting conn

26、ections of the same design shall be used for conducting the tests as describedin the static (6.1), the dynamic (6.2), or the field upset procedure (6.4).4.8 In case of an offset seat, the ROPS loading shall be on the side with the least space between the centerline ofthe seat and the protective stru

27、cture.4.9 Accuracy of Measurement(See Table 1.)4.10 Where movable or normally removable portions of the ROPS add to structural strength, they shall be placed inconfigurations that contribute least to the structural strength during the test.4.11 If an overhead weather shield is available as an option

28、al attachment to the protective structure, it may be inplace during tests, provided it does not contribute to the strength of the protective structure.4.12 If an overhead falling object protective cover is available as an optional attachment to the protective structure,it may be in place during test

29、s provided it does not contribute to the strength of the protective structure.4.13 No repairs or adjustments shall be made during the tests.4.14 The protective structure shall meet the performance requirements established in Section 7.5. Seat and Seat Belt Requirements5.1 ROPS equipped tractors shal

30、l be fitted with seat belt assemblies (Type 1) conforming to the following, SAEJ114, J140, J141, J339, and J800 except as noted hereafter.TABLE 1ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTMeasurement AccuracyDeflections of enclosure 5% of deflection measuredTractor mass 5% of mass measuredForce applied to frame 5% of f

31、orce measuredDimensions of critical zone 12.7 mm (0.5 in)Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-6-5.2 Where a suspended seat is used, the seat belt shall be fasten

32、ed to the movable portion of the seat toaccommodate the ride motion of the operator.5.3 The seat belt anchorage shall be capable of withstanding a static tensile force of 4448 N (1000 lbf) at45degrees to the horizontal equally divided between the anchorages. The seat mounting shall be capable ofwith

33、standing this force plus a force equal to four times the force of gravity on the mass of all applicable seatcomponents applied 45 degrees to the horizontal in a forward and upward direction. In addition, the seatmounting shall be capable of withstanding 2224 N (500 lbf) belt force plus two times the

34、 force of gravity on themass of all applicable seat components both applied at 45 degrees to the horizontal in an upward andrearward direction. Floor and seat deformation is acceptable provided there is no structural failure or releaseof the seat adjuster mechanism or other locking device. The seat

35、adjuster or locking device need not beoperable after application of the test load.6. Test Procedures6.1 Static Test(optional to 6.2).6.1.1 TEST CONDITIONS6.1.1.1 The ROPS mounting base shall be the tractor chassis or the equivalent for which the ROPS is designed toassure the integrity of the entire

36、system.6.1.1.2 The ROPS shall be instrumented with the necessary equipment to obtain the required load deflection dataat the location and direction specified in Figures 4, 5, and 6. The measuring devices shall be located torecord the force and deflection at the point of and along the line of loading

37、. Load and deflection pointsshall be plotted in increments of deflection no greater than 12.7 mm (0.5 in). The rate of application ofdeflection (load) shall be such that it can be considered static.6.1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMSM = tractor mass as defined in 3.2 and 4.6:Units: M in kgM in lbEis = energy

38、input to be absorbed during side loading:Eis = 980 + 1.2 M units: J and kgEis = 8676 + 4.8 M units: in-lbf and lbEir = energy input to be absorbed during rear loading:Eir = 1.4 M units: J and kgEir = 5.64 M units: in-lbf and lbF = static load:Units: F in NF in lbfD = deflection under F:Units: D in m

39、mD in inchesEF-D = static force deflection curveEu = strain energy absorbed by the structureCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-7-Eu = area under F-D Curve:Unit

40、s: Eu in jEu in inches/lbf6.1.3 STATIC TEST PROCEDURES6.1.3.1 Apply the rear load per Figures 4 or 5 and record F and D simultaneously. Rear load application shall beuniformly distributed along a projected dimension no greater than 686 mm (27 in) and an area no greaterthan 0.1032 m2 (160 in2) normal

41、 to the direction of load application. The load shall be applied to the upperextremity of the ROPS at the point which is midway between the center of the ROPS and the inside of theROPS upright. If no structural crossmember exists at the rear of the ROPS, a substitute test beam whichdoes not add stre

42、ngth to the ROPS may be utilized to complete this test procedure. (See 6.4.1.1 if fieldupset is omitted.) Stop the test when:a. The strain energy absorbed by the structure is equal to or greater than the required input energy Er(6.1.2) orb. Deflection of the structure exceeds the allowable deflectio

43、n (7.1.1).6.1.3.2 Using data obtained in 6.1.3.1, construct the F-D curve as shown typically in Figure 7 and calculate Eu.FIGURE 7FORCE DEFLECTION (F-D) CURVE6.1.3.3 Apply the side load as shown in Figure 6 and record F and D simultaneously. Static side load applicationshall be uniformly distributed

44、 along a projected dimension no greater than 686 mm (27 in) and an area nogreater than 0.1032 m2 (160 in2) normal to the direction of load application. Side load application shall beat a 90 degree angle to the centerline of vehicle. The center of side load application shall be locatedbetween a dista

45、nce 610 mm (24 in) forward, and a distance 305 mm (12 in) rearward of the seat referencepoint to best utilize the structural strength (see Figure 6). If the ROPS is a one or two post design, the sideload shall be applied in line with the upper crossmember. The side load shall be applied to the longi

46、tudinalside farthest from the point of rear load application. (See 6.4.1.1 if field upset is omitted.) Stop the testwhen:a. The strain energy absorbed by the structure is equal to or greater than the required input energy Eis(6.1.2) orb. Deflection of the structure exceeds the allowable deflection (

47、7.1.1).Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1194 Reaffirmed NOV1999-8-6.1.3.4 Using data obtained in 6.1.3.3 construct the F-D curve as shown typically in Figure 7 and calculate Eu.6.2

48、Dynamic Test(optional to 6.1).6.2.1 TEST CONDITIONS6.2.1.1 The tractor shall be ballasted to achieve the mass as specified in Section 3 so that the static vertical forcereaction at the front wheels shall be at least 33% of the static vertical force reaction at the rear wheels.The wheel tread setting

49、, where adjustable, shall be at the position nearest to halfway between theminimum and maximum settings obtainable on the tractor. Where only two settings are obtainable, theminimum setting shall be used provided the tires do not interfere with structure deflection. The tires shallhave no liquid ballast and shall be inflated to the maximum operating pressure recommended by themanufacturer.6.2.1.2 The dynamic loading