SAE AIR 4844B-1999 Composites and Metal Bonding Glossary《合成物和金属粘接术语》.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.

3、A.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8510 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORTAIR4844REV.BIssued 1994-12Revised 1999-09Superseding AIR4

4、844AComposites and Metal Bonding Glossary1. SCOPE:The following terminology has been generated by the ATA/IATA/SAE Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee (CACRC) and provides terminology for design, fabrication, and repair of composite and bonded metal structures.1.1 Purpose:The purpose of t

5、his AIR is to provide terminology that should be used when developing CACRC repair documents or repair documents produced by airlines or airframe and engine manufacturers. It is intended to develop this AIR into an AS.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Engineering Materials Handbook, Engineering Plastics, Volumes 1

6、penetrates only the surface finish. In a composite, does not damage the first ply.ABRASIVES: Special hard mineral ingredients employed to impart abrasive power to rubber articles used for abrading, grinding, or polishing such as rubber erasers or hard or soft rubber grinding wheels. Also used with p

7、aper or fabric backings and as abrasive discs or flapper wheels. Pumice, Silica, Tripoli sand, Carborundum, Silicon Carbide, Cerium Oxide and Diamond powder may be used as abrasives. The surface finish in microinches can be related directly to the grit size of the abrasive.ABS: Acrylonitrile-butadie

8、ne-styreneABSOLUTE HUMIDITY: Absolute humidity is the weight of water vapor present in a unit volume of air, such as grams per cubic foot or grams per cubic meter. The amount of water vapor is also reported in terms of weight per unit weight of dry air, such as grams per pound of dry air, but this v

9、alue differs from values calculated on a volume basis and should not be referred to as absolute humidity. It is designated as humidity ratio, specific humidity, or moisture content.ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY: Of a fluid adhesive, the tangential force on unit area of either of two parallel plates at unit dis

10、tance apart when the space between the plates is filled with the fluid in question and one of the plates moves with unit differential velocity in its own plane. The unit of measurement is the centipoise.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction o

11、r networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4844 Revision B- 4 -3.1 (Continued):ABSORBATE: A material which is absorbed by another.ABSORBED MOISTURE: Water absorbed by the resin and fibers at a molecular level. The amount of water absorbed is dependent on the temperature and humidity of

12、 the surrounding air and the time of exposure. The water absorbed is not visible. Under test conditions, absorbed moisture is measured by weight gain.ABSORBENT: A material that takes in, or absorbs another.ABSORPTION: (i) The penetration into the mass of one substance by another. (ii) The process wh

13、ereby energy is dissipated within a specimen placed in a field of radiant energy. (iii) The capillary or cellular attraction of adherent surfaces to draw off the liquid adhesive film into the substrate. (iv) A process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the adsorbate).

14、 See MIL-HDBK-17.AC: Advisory Circular (FAA).ACCELERATED TEST: A test procedure in which conditions are increased in magnitude to reduce the time required to obtain a result. To reproduce in a short time the deteriorating effect obtained under normal service conditions.ACCELERATOR: A material that,

15、when mixed with a catalyst or a resin, will speed up the chemical reaction between the catalyst and the resin either in polymerizing of resins or vulcanization of rubbers. Also called promoter. See ISO 472.ACCEPTANCE TEST: A test or series of tests, called out in a material specification, conducted

16、by the supplier, procuring agency, or an agent thereof, to determine whether an individual lot of material conforms to the purchase order or contract or to determine the degree of uniformity of the material supplied by the vendor or both.NOTE: Specifications usually state sampling techniques, test p

17、rocedures, and minimum requirements for acceptance. See ASTM D 907.ACCURACY: The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to some recognized standard or specified value. Accuracy involves the systematic error of an operation. (MIL-HDBK-17).ACETONE: Commonly used wipe solvent. Also know

18、n as 2-propanone and Di-methylketone. Used for cleaning composite surfaces prior to bonding and also metal surfaces prior to other treatments. Can also be used to remove uncured epoxy resin from tools and other items. Classed as “Seriously Flammable“ with a flash point of -4 F (-20 C). Has a high ev

19、aporation rate. May be procured to U.S. Federal Specification O-A-51H or ASTM D 329.ACID: A chemical compound containing one or more hydrogen atoms available for reaction with active metals or alkaline solutions.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo repro

20、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4844 Revision B- 5 -3.1 (Continued):ACOUSTIC EMISSION: A measure of integrity of a material, as determined by sound emission when a material is stressed. Ideally, emissions can be correlated with defects and/or incipient failure.ACOUS

21、TIC IMPEDANCE (UT): A material property determined by the product of the velocity of sound in a material and the density of the material; used in determining the reflection characteristics of interfaces.ACRYLIC PLASTIC: Any of a family of synthetic resins made by the polymerization of esters of acry

22、lic acid and its derivatives. See also polymethyl methacrylate. See ISO 472.ACTIVATION: The (usually) chemical process of making a surface more receptive to bonding to a coating or an encapsulating material.ACTIVATOR: An additive used to promote the curing of matrix resins and reduce curing time. Se

23、e accelerator. See ISO 472.AD: Airworthiness Directive (FAA).ADDITION POLYMERIZATION. A chemical reaction in which simple molecules (monomers) are added to each other to form long-chain molecules (polymers) without forming by-products. The small molecules, monomers, add together to form the polymer

24、molecule. The polymer is usually linear.ADDITIVE: Any substance added to another substance, usually to improve properties, such as plasticizers, initiators, light stabilizers, and flame retardants. See also filler.ADHERE: To cause two surfaces to be held together by adhesion.ADHEREND: See adherent.A

25、DHERENT: A body that is held to another body, usually by an adhesive. A detail or part prepared for bonding.ADHESION: The state in which two surfaces are held together at an interface by mechanical or chemical forces or interlocking action or both.ADHESION, MECHANICAL: Adhesion due to the physical i

26、nterlocking of the adhesive with the substrate irregularities.ADHESION PROMOTER: A coating applied to a substrate before it is coated with an adhesive, to improve the adhesion of the adhesive. Also called primer. A primer may and should improve the durability of a joint in the long-term but does not

27、 always increase joint strength.ADHESION, SPECIFIC: Adhesion due to valence forces at the adhesive-substrate surface interface. Such valence forces are of the same type that give rise to cohesion.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo

28、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4844 Revision B- 6 -3.1 (Continued):ADHESIVE: A substance capable of holding two materials together by surface attachment. Adhesive can be in film, liquid, or paste form. In this context, the term is used to denote structural adhesives, i.e., those w

29、hich create attachments capable of transmitting significant structural loads.ADHESIVE AGE: The age of the material from the date of shipment by the manufacturer to the present date.ADHESIVE BATCH: One production mixture of adhesive by a manufacturer with the batch number assigned by the manufacturer

30、.ADHESIVE BONDING: A materials joining process in which an adhesive, placed between facing surfaces, solidifies to bond the surfaces together.ADHESIVE FAILURE: Rupture of an adhesive bond such that the separation appears to be at the adhesive-adherent interface.ADHESIVE FILM: A synthetic resin adhes

31、ive, with or without a carrier fabric, usually of the thermosetting type, in the form of a thin film of resin, used under heat and pressure in the production of bonded structures. A convenient form of adhesive for production because it is easy to handle and already mixed. Requires refrigerated stora

32、ge.ADHESIVE FLASH: The cured adhesive squeezed out around the edges of doublers, at butt splices and at the ends of the assembly.ADHESIVE, INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SETTING: See intermediate temperature setting adhesive.ADHESIVE JOINT: The location at which two adherents or substrates are held togeth

33、er with a layer of adhesive. The general area of contact for a bonded structure.ADHESIVE LOT: One batch of adhesive or a portion of one batch, submitted for acceptance at one time. The adhesive lot number is assigned by the manufacturer.ADHESIVE, SUPPORTED: An adhesive film which has a woven or nonw

34、oven carrier cloth.ADHESIVE SYSTEM: A compatible primer and film adhesive for system bonding metal-to-metal assemblies and a primer, pourcoat and film adhesive for bonding sandwich assemblies.ADHESIVE, UNSUPPORTED: A film adhesive which has no carrier cloth.ADK: Notation used for the k-sample Anders

35、on-Darling statistic, which is used to test the hypothesis that k batches have the same distribution. See MIL-HDBK-17.ADMIXTURE: The addition and homogeneous dispersion of discrete components, before cure.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction

36、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4844 Revision B- 7 -3.1 (Continued):ADSORPTION: The adhesion of the molecules of gases, dissolved substances, or liquids in more or less concentrated form, to the surfaces of solids or liquids with which they are in contact. A concentration

37、of a substance at a surface or interface of another substance.ADVANCED COMPOSITES: Composite materials applicable to aerospace or other high-performance component construction and made by imbedding high-strength and/or high-modulus fibers within an essentially homogeneous matrix. See filamentary com

38、posites.ADVANCED FILAMENTS: Continuous filaments made from high-strength, high-modulus materials for use as constituents of advanced composites.AFRP (OR ARP): Aramid Fiber Reinforced PlasticAFTERBAKE: See postcure.AGGLOMERATION: The act or condition whereby minute particles dispersed in a liquid or

39、viscous medium become united into larger groups.AGGREGATE: A hard, coarse material usually of mineral origin used with an epoxy binder (or other resin) in plastic tools. Also used in flooring or as a surface medium.AGEING: The effect on materials of exposure to an environment for an interval of time

40、. The process of exposing materials to an environment for an interval of time. See ISO 472.AIR-BUBBLE VOID: Air entrapment within and between the plies of reinforcement or within a bondline or encapsulated area: localized, non interconnected, spherical in shape.AIR DRYING: A material is said to be a

41、ir drying when it can be dried at ordinary room temperature without the use of artificial heat.AIR: Aerospace Information Report (developed by SAE)AIR LOCKS: Surface depressions on a molded part, caused by trapped air between the mold surface and the plastic.AIR VENT: Small outlet to prevent entrapm

42、ent of gases in a molding or tooling fixture.ALCOHOL: A hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups have replaced a corresponding number of hydrogen atoms. Some are produced by fermentation and others synthetically. Ethyl grain is the best known and is described as “alcohol“. Co

43、mmercial alcohol generally contains a de-naturant to render it unfit for human consumption and exempt from taxation. This solvent group is relatively expensive and is usually considered to be among the more harmless industrial solvents.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with S

44、AENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4844 Revision B- 8 -3.1 (Continued):ALDEHYDE: (i) Acetaldehyde CH3-CHO reacts with aniline to give an accelerator. One of the first known antioxidants. (ii) Aldehydes are volatile liquids with sharp, penetratin

45、g odors that are slightly less soluble in water than are corresponding alcohols. (iii) A broad class of organic compounds having the generic formula RCHO and characterized by an unsaturated carbonyl group (C=O). They are formed from alcohols by either dehydrogenation or oxidation, and thus occupy an

46、 intermediate position between primary alcohols and the acids obtained from them by further oxidation.ALIPHATIC: Organic compounds (hydrocarbons) in which carbon atoms are arranged in an open or straight chain. More commonly known as napthas, they are prepared by straight-run, overhead distillation

47、of petroleum. Familiar examples include gasoline, kerosene, paraffin, and natural gas. Of the common solvents, they are the lowest in price and the least toxic.ALIQUOT: A small, representative portion of a larger sample. See MIL-HDBK-17.ALKALI: Substance that neutralizes acids to form a salt and wat

48、er. Yields hydroxyl (OH-) ions in water solution. Proton acceptor. Turns Litmus paper blue.ALKALINITY: The condition of having or containing hydroxyl (OH-) ions. Containing alkaline substances. The opposite of acidic. The property of turning red litmus paper blue and of neutralizing acids to form sa

49、lts.ALKYD PLASTIC: Thermoset plastic based on resins composed principally of polymeric esters, in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain, and in which ester groups occur in most cross-links that may be present between chains.ALLOTROPY: The existence of a substance and especially an element in two or more forms (as in crystals). See also graphite.ALLOY: In plastics, a blend of polymers or copolymers with other polymers or elastomers under