ASTM F2049-2009b Standard Guide for Fences Barriers for Public Commercial and Multi-Family Residential Use Outdoor Play Areas.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2049 09bStandard Safety Performance Specification forFences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-FamilyResidential Use Outdoor Play Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad

2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the recommended minimumrequirements for de

3、noting various types of fences/barriers forthe protection of childrens outdoor play spaces in public,commercial, and multi-family residential use locations. Thisspecification excludes individual single family residential useplay equipment locations. Interior fences located in a play areathat has a p

4、erimeter fence established shall only have tocomply with the latch height requirement indicated in 7.6.2.1.2 This specification provides for the safety of occupants inplay areas or zones as it pertains to vehicular intrusion as wellas other participant intrusion, and for children containment orentry

5、/exit. This specification has the intent to also keepchildren inside a predetermined area in an effort to enhancesupervision; to keep children from running out of the area intowater and other hazards; to minimize the likelihood of faciallacerations on low gate and fence hardware; to minimize thelike

6、lihood of abduction; and to restrict access to railroads,highways, roads, and other such hazards.1.3 This specification does not choose the product compo-nents for the fence system, the choice of which should be madeby the operators of the play space and their specificationwriters or drafters based

7、upon their determination of the meritsof the products that could be used.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This specification does not purport to address the aspectof safety within a play area or zo

8、ne. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this specification to establish appropriate safetypractices as related to the play area and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-nize

9、d) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA 392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricA 491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF 567 Practice for Installation of Chain-Link FenceF 626 Specification for Fence

10、FittingsF 668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) andOther Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricF 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF 1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded

11、, for Fence StructuresF 1183 Specification forAluminumAlloy Chain Link FenceFabricF 1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 1664 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) andOther Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel TensionWire Used with

12、Chain-Link Fence2.2 CPSC Document:3Model Pool Barriers Publication2.3 BOCA Document:4BOCA National Building Code/1993 12th Edition2.4 Research Reports:5National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report#542.5 Building Codes:Standard Building Code, 1994 Edition, 2nd printingUniform Building Code, V

13、ol. II, Section 311.2.3.5: VehicleBarrier1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previo

14、us edition approved in 2009 as F 2049 09a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S

15、. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.5Colcote, L. R., and Mitchie, J. D., “Location, Selection, and M

16、aintenance ofHighway Guardrails and Median Barriers,” National Cooperative Highway Re-search Program Report #54, S. W. Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 See Terminol

17、ogy F 552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, ntype of containment that surrounds andobstructs primarily people passage to or from the play area.3.2.2 barrier, ntype of containment or deflector systemthat surrounds an

18、d obstructs primarily vehicle passage into aplay area, such as bollards and posts. Barriers must pass impacttests for the highest speed limit allowed and posted on thestreet, road, or parking lot adjacent to the outdoor play area.3.2.3 continuous barrier, ntype of traffic barrier designedto prevent

19、vehicular intrusion into a play area and that alsoimpedes pedestrian passage to and from the play space.3.2.4 curb, npermanent, continuous structure made ofconcrete, asphalt, or other structural material presentinga6to8 in. (15.24 to 20-32 cm) elevation change at the curbline.3.2.5 curbline, npaveme

20、nt elevation change defining theedge of a fire lane, vehicular travel lane, or contiguous orindividual parking spaces with depressions meeting the re-quirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.3.2.6 debris fence, nshield used to prevent flying post-crash or other debris from entering a play z

21、one.3.2.7 discrete barrier, nbarrier designed to prevent ve-hicular intrusion that allows for pedestrian passage to and fromthe play space.3.2.8 guardrail, nan example of a continuous barrier.3.2.9 play zone or area, nenvironment for public, multi-family residential, or commercial play use containin

22、g recre-ation equipment intended for activities by children where entryor egress access is intended.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThis may be through its adjacent apart-ment or home decorative lattice work, public or commercialbuilding door, or via a controlled gate. Examples include, butare not limited to, the

23、 following: fast food establishments,day-care centers, shopping malls, apartments, parks, andschools.3.2.10 proximity, nwithin 5 ft (1.524 m) as measured bythe least distance between the edge of the driving lane toperimeter of the play zone and its fence/barrier.3.2.11 structural bollards, nsteel pi

24、pe structure filled withconcrete installed in the ground with a concrete footing.3.2.11.1 DiscussionAstructural bollard is an example of abarrier and discrete barrier.3.2.12 traffc, nmovement of vehicles for purpose ofdriving-through or parking motions.3.2.13 vulnerable play zone, nplay zone in the

25、proximityof vehicular traffic, railroad tracks, bodies of water, streets,parking lots, roads, electrical and other utility features, andother similar life-threatening or debilitating features.4. Site Covered4.1 A play zone shall be protected in accordance with thisspecification in locations that are

26、 vulnerable to vehiculartraffic, from activity and game conflicting uses, and for thecontrol of entering or exiting the play zone or area. Protectionfrom vehicular intrusion shall be placed as specified in Sections6 and 7. Barriers shall protect the perimeters of the play areathat are adjacent to th

27、e direction of traffic, and only apply tothose perimeters that are parallel and perpendicular to thedirection of traffic. Playground enclosures, such as fences,walls, or buildings, shall be on all sides of the play zone.5. Significance and Use5.1 This specification sets forth minimum standard requir

28、e-ments for use in local codes and ordinances relating to public,multi-family, residential, and commercial outdoor play areas orzones and their environments.5.2 This specification does not have the effect of law, nor isit intended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5

29、.3 Playgrounds that intentionally incorporate water into theplay area are exempt from this specification.6. Methods of Protection6.1 Discrete and Continuous BarriersThese methods ofprotection shall be determined by the vulnerable play area orplay zone requirement for protection for vehicle intrusion

30、 andadjacent traffic circumstances. If a fence itself complies withthe impact tests described in 7.1, then a barrier is not required.6.1.1 Continuous BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has noexterior exit gate on the traffic side of the play zone, then theplay area shall be protected with a continuous

31、 barrier on thetraffic side as specified in the following sections. If pedestrianaccess through this continuous barrier is necessary, it shallmeet applicable sections. Continuous barrier methods include,but are not limited to, guardrails, concrete or brick reinforcedwalls, and concrete Jersey barrie

32、rs.6.1.2 Discrete BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has an exitgate on the traffic side of the play zone, then pedestrian accessthrough a barrier is necessary and a discrete barrier should beprovided on the traffic side as specified in the followingsections. Discrete barrier methods include, but are

33、not limitedto, the following: structural bollards, trees, posts, and othervertical structures.6.1.3 FencesAll vulnerable play areas shall have fenceswith gates as described in 7.6. This method of protection mayinclude chain link and other materials of a minimum height of4 ft (1.22 m) above grade.6.1

34、.4 BuildingWhere a building may abut or is adjacent toa play area or play zone, it may be used as part of thecontainment. If the building wall contains a door for ingressand egress into the play area, it shall comply with subsequentsections. If the building wall contains windows for viewing, itshall

35、 contain glazing that is unbreakable and shatter-proof.6.2 BuildingsThe fence shall completely surround theplay zone or area environment except where a building ordwelling or portion thereof is utilized as part of the playenvironment enclosure. If the exterior wall or walls of thatportion of the bui

36、lding contains doors, or other openings, itshall comply with the following provisions.6.2.1 DoorsDoors in the wall of a building or dwellingthat allow direct access through the wall to the play environ-ment shall be provided with the following:6.2.1.1 An alarm capable of detecting unauthorized entry

37、 orexit through the gate or opening into or from the playenvironment area when not in use and which, when activated,F 2049 09b2emits a sound of sufficient volume to be heard in the buildingor dwelling as a means of outdoor area security when deemednecessary. The audible warning shall commence not mo

38、re than7 s after the door, or its screen, if present, or both are openedand shall sound continuously for a minimum of 30 s. The alarmshall have a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB at 10 ft(3.4 m) and the sounds of the alarm shall be distinctive fromother sounds such as auto alarms, smoke alarms

39、, telephones,and door bells. The alarm shall automatically reset after 2 minunder all conditions.7. Requirements7.1 Continuous Barrier:7.1.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier used shallbe able to withstand a one-time 10,000 lb (4535.9 kg)concentrated, point-load located 2 ft (0.61 m) above g

40、roundwith permanent deformation less than 0.1 in. (2.54 mm) after asingle load when tested in accordance with the U.S. Depart-ment of Transportation specifications.7.1.2 MaintenanceIf any permanent deformation or dam-age is done to a continuous barrier, the play area facility shallbe closed until a

41、new barrier has been installed.7.1.3 InspectionA visual check shall be done by theowner or operator on a regular basis to note damage. A signshould be posted with the name and owner to be notified ifdamage occurs.7.1.4 DistanceMinimum unobstructed distance betweenthe continuous barrier and the play

42、area perimeter fenceprotection shall be no less than 2 ft (0.61 m).7.1.5 The continuous barrier shall be placed edge to edgeunless passage through is required, which shall be no morethan 48 in.7.2 Discrete Barriers:7.2.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier systemused shall meet the requirement

43、s of 7.1.1.7.2.2 Discrete barriers shall be placed a maximum of 42 in.(1.07 m) apart from each other (edge to edge).7.2.3 MaintenanceMaintenance shall comply with 7.1.2.7.2.4 DistanceThe distance from discrete barrier to fenceshall be in accordance with 7.1.4.7.2.5 InspectionShall comply with 7.1.3.

44、7.3 Curbs:7.3.1 Curbs, in order to minimize casual contact with cars,shall be placed at a minimum distance between the travel laneand the play area zone as follows:7.3.1.1 2 ft, 6 in. where there is no parking.7.3.1.2 4 ft for angled parking.7.3.1.3 5 ft where there is perpendicular parking.7.4 Fenc

45、es:7.4.1 Fence HeightThe top of the fence shall be aminimum of 4 ft (1.22 m) above grade measured on the side ofthe fence that faces away from the play environment.7.4.2 VisibilityThe fence shall be designed and con-structed so that it allows for a visibility to conform to the levelof surveillance n

46、ecessary from a designated supervising areaoutside or inside the play environment area to inside the playenvironment.7.4.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no morethan 4 in. measured on both sides of the fence around the playenvironment

47、 and of a minimal distance to prevent toys fromrolling under.7.4.4 Solid barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints when used as both barriers and fences.Such inden

48、tations shall not be deeper than 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).7.5 Fence Types:7.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical DesignWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1.143 mm), the horizontal members shall belocated o

49、n the side opposite the play environment to preventegress over it and the spacing between the vertical membersshall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm). If the distance between thetops of the horizontal members is 45 in. (1.143 mm) or more,the spacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 4 in.(102 mm). Where there are decorative cutouts, the spacingwithin the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm).7.5.2 Chain Link MeshMesh opening for fences shall be anominal 114 in. (3.2 mm) measured between the parallel sidesof the mesh, and a maxi