ASTM E2680-2016 Standard Test Method for Appearance of Clear Transparent Liquids (Visual Inspection Procedure)《明显透明液体的表观的标准试验方法(目视检查程序)》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2680 09 (Reapproved 2015)1E2680 16Standard Test Method forAppearance of Clear, Transparent Liquids (Visual InspectionProcedure)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial change was made in Subsections 1.2, 8.1, and 8.2 in May 2016.1. Scope1.1 This test m

3、ethod describes the visual assessment of the appearance of clear, transparent liquids for clarity and the presenceof undesirable components (contamination) such as suspended matter, free water (or oil) and particulates when examined bytransmitted light. Measurements requiring instrumentation are not

4、 included in this method. This test method was originallydesigned for application to glycols and methanol wall washes of marine vessels but may be applicable to other clear transparentliquids.1.1.1 This method can be used as a field test at storage temperatures or as a laboratory test at room temper

5、atures.1.1.2 This method provides a rapid pass/fail test for clarity and contamination of clear, transparent liquids. It is a qualitativeassessment only.1.2 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures,and safety precautio

6、ns.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establis

7、h appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in the section on Hazards, Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Dis

8、tillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 appearance, nthe visual perception of a clear, transparent liquid.3.1.2 clear and bright (also referred to as clean and bright), na condit

9、ion in which the liquid is free of haze, particulates orsuspended matter particles.3.1.2.1 brightbright, na condition in which the liquid is transparent with no haze or visible fee water (or free oil) in organic(or aqueous) liquids.3.1.2.2 clearclear, na condition in which the liquid contains no vis

10、ible contaminants (not more than the maximum allowednumber of suspended matter particles no greater than 1 mm in diameter or particulates of sufficient size to be easily noted).3.1.3 free water (or free oil), nwater or oil in excess to that soluble in the liquid at ambient temperature which may appe

11、aras haze, cloudiness, droplets or a water or oil layer in an organic sample.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD16.16 on Industrial and Specialty Product Standards.Current

12、edition approved June 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2016. Published June 2015December 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asE2680 09 (2015) 1. DOI: 10.1520/E2680-09R15E01.10.1520/E2680-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C

13、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to

14、 the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyrigh

15、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3.1 DiscussionFor aqueous samples, the determination of free oil is equally important and may have an appearance similar to that of free wateror oil in organic samples.3.1.4 haze or cloudine

16、ss, nis a scatter of light from an accumulation of tiny suspended particles in the liquid.3.1.4.1 DiscussionCloudiness is considered synonymous with haze. Quantification of haze requiring instrumentation is out of the scope of thisstandard.3.1.5 particulates, nany foreign material of any color in th

17、e liquid that floats or settles to the bottom of the sample bottle.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThese particulates may be small solid or semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment and may be the result ofcontamination by dust, corrosion, protective coating deterioration or product instabil

18、ity.3.1.6 suspended matter particles, nany foreign material of any color that is in suspension in the liquid (does not float or sink)and is insoluble or separated matter.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThis usually refers to things like filter fibers, droplets, lint from materials used to dry compartments, prior

19、cargo material or finepieces of tank or vessel coating.3.1.7 transparent, nliquid is translucent to transmitted light.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An amount of liquid sample at storage or room temperature is visually examined for clarity and presence of contaminants.The sample is collected in a tran

20、sparent glass container and held against a bright, transmitted light to examine for clarity, suspendedmatter, haze and the presence of free water (or oil) and subsequently swirled to create a vortex to detect the presence of particulatematter. For different categories of glycols, the number of recom

21、mended maximum allowed suspended matter particles clear,transparent liquids, the recommended maximum number of allowed particles (either floating, settling, 3.1.5, or suspended, 3.1.6)to qualify for a pass is defined. (Table 1). For other clear, transparent liquids, other numbers may be defined (for

22、 example, on therelevant product specifications).TABLE 1 Recommended Maximum Number of SuspendedParticles Allowed for a Sample to PassSample Type Recommended Numberof Particles Allowed Typical SampleVolume (mL)Ethylene Glycol 0 6 500Diethylene Glycol 0 6 500Triethylene Glycol 0 6 500TetraethyleneGly

23、col0 6 500Methanol WallWash0 20 400TABLE 1 Recommended Maximum Number of Particles Allowedfor a Sample to PassSample Type Numberof Particles Typical SampleVolume (mL)Ethylene Glycol 6 500Diethylene Glycol 6 500Triethylene Glycol 6 500Propylene Glycol, 6 500(Polyether) Polyol 6 500TetraethyleneGlycol

24、6 500Methanol WallWash20 400E2680 1625. Significance and Use5.1 This method provides a pass/fail test for appearance of clear, transparent liquids. Many liquid organic products have aproduct specification requiring them to be clear and bright and free of visible particulate matter and of liquid phas

25、es other thanthe main liquid. Producers of these liquid organic products need a test method to confirm the quality of their products meets productspecifications for appearance. Appearance is a manufacturing and sales specification test for ethylene glycol and propylene glycoland polyol products and

26、a loading specification test for methanol wall washes of marine vessels. This test method was originallydesigned for application to glycols and methanol wall washes of marine vessels, but may be applicable to other clear, transparentliquids. Individuals using this test method for other clear transpa

27、rent liquids should assure themselves that the method is sufficientfor use.5.2 There are many factors that could affect the appearance during and after sampling of a liquid product. These factors mayinclude transferring of the liquid into a different sample container, contamination by the sample con

28、tainer or contamination byambient atmosphere. Sampling and evaluation procedures need to be followed to avoid undesirable effects and assure theappearance of the sample is typical for the liquid as manufactured.6. Interferences6.1 The sample containers must be clean and free of dust or other particu

29、lates.6.2 If an attempt is made to test the appearance of a liquid that is darker than a color rating of 5 on theASTM Color scale (TestMethod D4176) or 60 Pt-Co units, the presence of free water (or oil) or particulates could be obscured and missed by the analyst.7. Apparatus7.1 Sample Container, cl

30、ear glass with a screw cap (not containing a gasket) capable of holding sample volumes of up to 1 L.The volume of the sample tested should be in accordance with the requirements of the product specification. Typical volumes are250, 500 and 1000 mL. It is recommended to use a wide neck bottle with a

31、diameter of approximately 10 cm. The volume of thecontainer should be large enough for the recommended volume of liquid to fill the container not more than 75% full to allow forspace to swirl the sample without spilling. Sample containers should be checked for cleanliness since they are a likely sou

32、rce ofcontamination. It is recommended to use only new bottles.7.2 Temperature Sensing Device (TSD), capable of monitoring the observed test temperature to within an accuracy of 60.5Cfor laboratory tests that require measurements to be made at a specific temperature (product specifications).7.3 Temp

33、erature-Controlled Bath, of suitable dimensions and capable of controlling the sample container temperature within60.5C of the desired temperature for laboratory tests that require measurements to be made at a specific temperature (productspecifications).8. Hazards8.1 Each analyst must be acquainted

34、 with the potential hazards of the equipment, reagents, products, solvents and proceduresbefore beginning laboratory work. Sources of information include: operation manuals, SDS, literature, and other related data.Safety information should be requested from the supplier. Disposal of waste materials,

35、 reagents, reactants, and solvents must bein compliance with laws and regulations from all applicable governmental agencies.8.2 Ethylene glycol Glycol and polyol products are intended for industrial use only. Before handling or using these products,read the current SDS for each product (8.1).8.3 The

36、 following hazards are associated with the application of this test method.8.3.1 Chemical Hazard:8.3.1.1 Methanol is a flammable and toxic solvent. Methanol is absorbed through the skin and by breathing the vapors. Becareful when handling a flammable solvent and work in a well-ventilated area away f

37、rom sources of ignition. Use the properPersonal Protective Equipment to minimize exposure.8.3.1.2 Flammable liquids (General); see warning statement in A1.1.9. Sampling9.1 Follow the relevant instructions for sampling of liquids as given in Practice E300.9.2 It is recommended that a sample be taken

38、from the process stream, storage tank or vessel in a clear-glass sample bottle (7.1)and examined for visual appearance as soon as possible after sampling.9.3 Do not sub-sample or transfer the sample to a second container, unless the original sample was not contained in a clear-glasssample bottle or

39、delivered in a volume too large to lift for visual inspection.9.4 If the sample is delivered in a volume too large to lift, homogenize the sample before sub-sampling. When sub-sampling,do not fill the container to the top. Fill the container approximately 75 % full to allow enough space to swirl the

40、 sample withoutspilling.E2680 16310. Procedure10.1 Allow the sample to equilibrate to room temperature (or to the storage temperature or the temperature at which the sampleis used) prior to visual inspection. A temperature-controlled water bath can be used to bring the sample to the desired temperat

41、ureif measurements must be made at a specific temperature according to product specifications.10.2 When using a water bath, replace the sample containers cap with an airtight closure through which a calibratedtemperature-sensing device is immersed in the sample. Periodically agitate the sample in a

42、manner sufficient to homogenize thebulk of the sample. Remove the sample container from the water bath and wipe dry. Remove the temperature-sensing device andreplace the original cap before proceeding with the visual inspection.10.3 Hold the sample up to a bright light source and visually examine th

43、e sample at arms length for clarity, suspended matter(anyhaze or cloudiness (3.1.4 foreign matter that does not), floating or settling particulates (3.1.5 float or settle to), suspendedmatter particles (3.1.6 the bottom of the bottle) ) and any free water (or oil) free oil 3.1.3) droplets or layers.

44、10.4 Swirl the sample gently to form a vortex and avoid formation of bubbles. Examine the bottom of the vortex at arms lengthfor particulate matterparticulates (3.1.5 (any foreign material that settles to the bottom of the bottle) ) and free water (or oil).oil,3.1.3).10.5 Record the visual clarity a

45、s either “Clear and Bright” if not more than the maximum allowed number of suspended matterparticles particles (either floating, settling, or suspended) no greater than 1 mm in diameter and no free water (or oil) were foundor as “Not Clear and Bright” if the number and size of the particles exceed t

46、he maximum allowed greater than 1 mm in diameteror free water (or oil) is found.10.6 Record if particulate matter particulates (of sufficient size and quantity to be easily noted) waswere or waswere not viewedat the bottom of the vortex.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Report t

47、he appearance as “Pass” if the visual clarity was found to be “Clear and Bright” with no more than the maximumnumber of particles of suspended matter any particles no greater than 1 mm in diameter and no free water (or oil) were found andthe particulate matter had no particulates of sufficient size

48、and quantity to be easily noted at the bottom of the vortex.11.1.2 Report the appearance as “Fail” if the visual clarity was found to be “Not Clear and Bright” with more than the maximumnumber of particles of suspended matter any particles greater than 1 mm in diameter and/or free water (or oil) wer

49、e found and/orparticulate matter was found with particulates of sufficient size and quantity to be easily noted at the bottom of the vortex.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No information is presented about either the precision or bias of Test Method E2680 since the test result is nonquantitative.13. Keywords13.1 appearance; cleanliness;bright; clear; cloudiness; free oil; free water; particulate contamination; haze; particulates;suspended matter; visual inspectionANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. WARNING STATEMENTA1.1 Flammable Liquid (General)A1.1.1 (W