ASTM E1503-2014 Standard Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Digital Statistical Sound Analysis System《使用数字统计分析系统进行户外声测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1503 12E1503 14Standard Test Method forConducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a DigitalStatistical Sound Analysis System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1503; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is one of a series of standards on the measurement and evaluation of community noise.

3、 Othersin the series include Guide E1014 which covers manual measurement, using a simple meter, andanalysis of the resulting data, and Guide E1780, which covers measurement of sound received froma nearby fixed source.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoor sound levels at spec

4、ific locations using a digital statistical soundanalysis system and a formal measurement plan.1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data.However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requirin

5、g multiple sets of data, the test method doesnot address planning of the measurement program.1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,1.2.2 To characterize the sou

6、nd emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact mitigation plan.1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changesor addition

7、s to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because of time constraints, to conduct measurements without first formalizinga plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactor

8、y to both the performingorganization and the client is present at all times during the measurements and who complies, to the extent possible, with all theapplicable requirements of this test method, including record keeping.1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound leve

9、l data with appropriate criteria.1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provided the necessaryrequirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that aspecialist in the area of lou

10、dness evaluation be consulted in preparing a plan for measurements intended to produce data which willbe used for this purpose.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address a

11、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C634 Terminology Rela

12、ting to Building and Environmental Acoustics1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.09on Community Noise.Current edition approved May 1, 2012March 1, 2014. Published June 2012May 2

13、014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asE150306.12. DOI: 10.1520/E1503-12.10.1520/E1503-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume informati

14、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict

15、 all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428

16、-2959. United States1E1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted Sound LevelsE1686 Guide for Applying Environmental Noise Measurement Methods and CriteriaE1780 Guide for Measuring Outdoor Sound Received from a Nearby Fixed Source2.2 ANSI Standards:3S1.11 Specifications for Octave-band and Frac

17、tional Octave-band Analog and Digital Filters 3S1.13 Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in AirS1.17 Microphone Windscreens - Part 1: Measurements and Specification of Insertion Loss in Still or Slightly Moving AirS1.40 Specification for Verification Procedures for Sound Calibrators3S1.43 Specifica

18、tions of Integrating-Averaging Sound Level MetersS12.9 Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound, Part 2: Measurement ofLong-Term, Wide-Area Sound and Part 3: Short-term Measurements with an Observer Present2.3 IEC Standards616721 Electroacoustics - So

19、und Level Meters - Part 1: Specifications3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms, including the following used in this test method, see Terminology C634: dummy microphone,interference, impulsive sound, measurement plan, measurement set, percentile level, self noise and time-average sound level.3.

20、2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 digital statistical sound analysis systemcombination of a sound level meter, either analog or digital, interfaced with adigital data storage device, and a digital statistical analyzer, for sampling environmental sound levels over a specified tim

21、edinterval.3.2.1.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, a generic analyzer having the necessary features for the intended measurement and meetingthe requirements of ANSI S1.11, and ANSI S1.43 is assumed.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which ar

22、e well defined and which are understood by a trained acousticalprofessional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce resultswhich are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information

23、gathered anddocumented in the course of the measurement program.4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to thefollowing:4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source as a reference for a

24、ssessment of the noiseimpact caused by a proposed facility and associated activities,4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existingsource), and4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example,

25、indication of exceedance of criteria ornon-compliance with laws).4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a sound analysis system which incorporates digital circuits for processingand storing sound level data, documenting conditions under which the measurements were performed, and reporti

26、ng the results.4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound levelover specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify themeasurements.4.5 This test method

27、can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acousticaldata for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipmentoperational options selected, and by post-processing options available

28、.4.6 The user is cautioned that there are many factors that can strongly influence the results obtained during measurement ofoutdoor sound levels and that this test method is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field ofacoustics. This test method is intended to fac

29、ilitate communication between sound measurement professionals and individuals whoare responsible for administering regulations, or are otherwise involved in decisions involving sound measurements. Measurementsshall be performed only under the direction of people who are experienced in the measuremen

30、t and analysis of outdoor sound, andwho are thoroughly familiar with the use of the equipment and techniques involved.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E1503 1424.7 This test method is only a measurement p

31、rocedure and, as such, does not address the methods of comparison of the acquireddata with specific criteria. No procedures are provided within this test method for estimating the influences of two or moresimultaneously measured sounds. This test method can be used, with an appropriate plan, in esta

32、blishing compliance when themeasured data are below a specified limit, or conversely, establishing noncompliance when any of the data are above a specifiedlimit.5. Interferences5.1 Measurements intended to provide detailed spectral and temporal sound level data are subject to interferences from anum

33、ber of sources. The most significant of these are mentioned briefly in paragraphs 5.1 5.8.5.2 Effects of Wind:5.2.1 Wind may influence sound level measurements, even with a windscreen in place. The windscreen recommended by themanufacturer may not be adequate in quiet environments with mild wind con

34、ditions, especially in environments where lowfrequency, ambient sound must be evaluated. With wind speeds of 20 km/h and a typical windscreen the resulting A-weightedsound level due to the wind alone is 40-45 dB. Wind speeds of 40 km/h result in measured A-weighted sound levels due to windalone of 6

35、0-65 dB. Manufacturers instructions shall be followed with respect to meter limitations under windy conditions. Whenwind speeds approach or exceed 20 km/h, headphones shall be used to monitor the sound level meter output or the sound levelmeter indicator shall be carefully observed to determine if f

36、luctuations correspond to wind speed or actual sound sources. Dataobtained during intervals when wind generated sound is influencing the measurements shall not be used. No measurements shallbe made when steady wind speeds exceed 20 km/h. Propagation of sound from a source will be influenced by the d

37、irection of windrelative to the source and measurement positions. Measurements may need to be taken at different times of the year in differentwind conditions to fully identify the acoustical character of the environment.5.2.2 In special circumstances requiring measurements with wind speeds higher t

38、han 20 km/h, such as a background sound levelsurvey involving a wind turbine project, a large (not less than 175 mm) windscreen shall be used.Alarger windscreen will produceless low frequency windscreen noise near the microphone. However, it is cautioned, that large, foam type windscreens can causea

39、dditional attenuation of high frequency sound. A calibration adjustment may be required. See ANSI S1.17.5.2.3 If maximum wind speeds are not addressed in the measurement plan, manufacturers instructions shall be followed withrespect to analyzer limitations under windy conditions.5.2.4 Propagation of

40、 sound from a source will be influenced by the direction of the wind relative to the source and measurementpositions. In some situations it may be desirable to make such measurements at different times of the year in different windconditions to fully identify the acoustical character of the environm

41、ent.5.3 Effects of Moisture and High Humidity:5.3.1 Measurable precipitation almost always influences outdoor sound levels. For example, tires rolling on a paved surfaceproduce higher sound levels when the pavement is wet. Fallen snow may affect the propagation of sound. Data obtained under suchcond

42、itions shall be retained but carefully marked so that these data may be used with caution in subsequent analysis.5.3.2 High relative humidity, generally over 90 %, can influence certain preamplifiers and microphones, especially air-condenser microphones. Microphone manufacturers instructions shall b

43、e followed under high-humidity conditions.5.4 For sources that emit impulsive sound, the accepted measurement methods for impulsive sound according to ANSI S1.13,such as SEL to quantify individual impulse and time-average sound level to measure periods of time that include impulses, shouldbe used to

44、 obtain accurate results. The presence of impulsive sounds emitted by the source under test should be noted in the report.Any measurements in which data (other than a narrative description of the impulses) are obtained should require a prescription forthe sampling rate, system response, and other pe

45、rtinent guidelines including reference to appropriate measurement standards.5.5 Care shall always be taken to position the microphone away from acoustically reflective surfaces which are not normallypresent at the location specified by the measurement plan. This includes any vehicle used in connecti

46、on with the measurementprogram. In the absence of guidance from a measurement plan, the microphone shall be placed away from any such acousticallyreflective surface by at least 212 times the major dimension of that surface.5.6 Electromagnetic radiation from high voltage transmission lines or strong

47、television or radio signals may affect the soundlevel meter indication. The operator should use caution when these are nearby. Such electrical interference problems, when theyoccur, might result in wild and unexpected swings of the sound level meter indicator or upward indications even when theinstr

48、ument is turned off. The most effective way to detect these conditions and other anomalies is through monitoring headphones.5.6.1 Noise from power lines can increase significantly with high humidity, especially during light rain.5.7 A non-electrical problem related to power lines is the generation o

49、f sound by aeolian strumming, or buzzing or rattling bywires which are not tightly secured to insulators near a power line. In a quiet rural environment such sounds can often influenceor even dominate the background level. This is an example of a noise source which requires careful consideration when choosinga measurement location. For guidance in determining if such sounds are part of the ambient or constitute interference, determineif the sound is part of the ambient at a point for which the ambient is to be characterized. If it is, it shall be measured. If the soundca