ASTM D8049-2016a 1564 Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration Count and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Ima.pdf
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1、Designation: D8049 16aStandard Test Method forDetermining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution ofSolid Particles and Water in Light and Middle DistillateFuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the de
2、signation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method uses a dir
3、ect imaging particle analyzer(DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersedsolid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillatefuels in the overall range from 4 m to 100 m and in sizebands of 4 m, 6 m, and 14 m.NOTE 1Particle size data from 0.7 m through 300 m is available
4、foruse or reporting if deemed helpful.NOTE 2Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles andis not a reporting requirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to a
5、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Pract
6、ice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contamination2.
7、2 ISO Standard:3ISO 12103-1 Road VehiclesTest Contaminants for FilterEvaluationPart 1: Arizona Test DustISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Auto-matic Particle Counters for Liquids2.3 MIL Standard:4MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,Missile and Ordinance3. Terminology3.
8、1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D4175.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air bubble, nnon-fuel, gaseous formations withinthe fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavywall ring due to the diffraction of light around and throu
9、ghthem.3.2.2 droplet, nnon-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring dueto the diffraction of light around and through them.3.2.3 major particle diameter m, nthe maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured3.2.4 minor particle diam
10、eter m, nthe maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular tothe major particle diameter.3.2.5 particle, nnon-liquid, non gaseous, solid objectsin the fuel.3.2.6 projected equivalent particle diameter m, nthediameter calculated from the projected area of a particle if thatare
11、a formed a circle, and in equation form is:Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter =area/0.785!3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 DIPADirect Imaging Particle Analyzer1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibil
12、ity ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published February 2017. Originallyapproved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8049 16. DOI:10.1520/D8049-16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
13、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.
14、org.4For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, DocumentServices website at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
15、esThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tra
16、de (TBT) Committee.14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light sourceand an optical sensor. The principle of operation is theillumination and digital capture of actual particle images whichare then analyzed for size and shape by the system software.The visual capabil
17、ity of the instrument allows for the differ-entiation between solid, water, and air particles and thus thedetection of water and elimination of air bubbles from theanalysis.4.2 The test specimen, approximately 4 L, is agitated in itscontainer. The container is then fitted with a spigot to allowdeliv
18、ery to the direct imaging particle analyzer (DIPA). Fluidflows through the DIPA and is analyzed for solids and watercontent. Larger or smaller volume test specimen may be usedas appropriate for the instrument.4.3 The method requires reporting of particle and dropletcounts in the 4m, 6 m, and 14 m ca
19、tegories, howeverparticle counts in the 0.7 m to 4 m size range may also bereported as well as additional ranges the user deems important.Particle size for this test method shall be determined using thedefinition per 3.2.6.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in the labora
20、tory orin the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified inthe scope.5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degrada-tion of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic ororganic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps,injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of par
21、ticle size in relation tometallurgy can provide vital information, especially if thehardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.NOTE 3The method includes the detection of water, solids, and airbubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis ofresults, based o
22、n shape and transparency, and are not reported in theresults.6. Apparatus56.1 Laboratory or Field Usage6.1.1 Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer (DIPA)Operatingon visual imaging principles, comprising a flow cell withcamera/optics, light, test specimen container, and stand andsoftware to analyze the te
23、st specimen and display the particlemeasurement data.6.1.2 Test Specimen ContainerA clean fuel container forsample storage, transport, and transfer into the DIPA. Anepoxy-lined container of approximately 5 Lin volume has beenfound to be suitable, along with a nominal 19 mm or largeropening in the to
24、p lid for installation of a tube manifoldassembly to allow fuel transfer to the DIPA and air into theepoxy-lined container for venting.6.1.3 Tube Manifold AssemblyConsists of a stopper orthreaded cap, which inserts into the top opening in the testspecimen container to seal it, and has through-holes
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