ASTM D7841-2013 1250 Standard Practice for Sustainable Laundry Best Management Practices《可持续洗衣最佳管理实践的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D7841 13Standard Practice forSustainable Laundry Best Management Practices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7841; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this practice is to identify anddefine sustainable laundry Best Management Practices (BMPs)that are used in commercial l

3、aundry facilities to reduce theirimpact on the environment.1.2 It is recommended that users rely on professionaljudgment informed by both environmental expertise and spe-cific knowledge of the intended use of this practice. Thispractice provides instruction on interpretation of the dataobtained. Int

4、erpretation of the data results in a determination ofwhether a laundry implements enough BMPs to be certified ascomplying with the requirements of this practice.1.3 The users of this practice include laundry professionalsand inspectors who possess a broad understanding of environ-mental issues relat

5、ed to the operations and maintenance oflaundry facilities.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres

6、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2107 Practice for Environmental Regulatory ComplianceAudits2.2 NSF Standard:3NSF/ANSI 336

7、 2011 Sustainability Assessment for Com-mercial Furnishings, Fabric3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Best Management Practices, nstructural,nonstructural, and managerial techniques found to be the mosteffective and practical means in achieving an objective (such aspreventing or minimizing pollutio

8、n) while making the opti-mum use of the firms resources.3.1.2 biological oxygen demand, BOD, nindirect mea-surement of the amount of organic pollution (that can beoxidized biologically) in a sample of water.3.1.3 boiler, nclosed vessel in which water or other fluid isheated; the heated or vaporized

9、fluid exits the boiler for use invarious processes or heating applications.3.1.4 detergent, nsurfactant or a mixture of surfactantsand other chemicals having “cleaning properties in dilutesolutions.”3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn common usage, “detergent“ refers toa family of compounds that are similar to soa

10、p but are lessaffected by hard water.3.1.5 dissolved air flotation, DAF, nwater treatment pro-cess that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removalof suspended matter such as oil or solids.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe removal is achieved by dissolvingair in the water or wastewater under pressure

11、 and then releasingthe air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank or basin. Thereleased air forms tiny bubbles that adhere to the suspendedmatter causing the suspended matter to float to the surface ofthe water where it may then be removed by a skimming device.3.1.6 material safety data sheet,

12、MSDS, na document thatcontains information on the potential hazards and how to worksafely with a chemical product or compound.3.1.6.1 DiscussionRequired by OSHA for all ingredientsof a product which have been determined to be health hazardsand which comprise1%orgreater of the composition of theprodu

13、ct, or 0.1 % or greater if a carcinogen.3.1.7 stack economizer, nengineered device that capturesthe “lost or waste heat” from a boilers hot stack gas.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThe heat can then be used in otherareas of the facility.3.1.8 tunnel washer, nwasher that consists of a long metaltube called a tunn

14、el.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThe tunnel is made up of pockets. As1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.40 on Sustainability of Textiles.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. DOI: 10.1520/D7841-13.

15、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Di

16、xboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the linen moves through the pockets, it is exposed to progres-sively cleaner water and fresher chemicals. Soiled linen con-tinuously

17、 goes into one end of the tunnel while clean linenmoves continuously out of the other.3.1.9 wastewater, nany water that has been adverselyaffected in quality by human processes or biological influence.3.1.9.1 DiscussionIt comprises liquid waste discharged bydomestic residences, commercial properties

18、, industry, oragriculture, or combinations thereof, and can encompass awide range of potential contaminants and concentrations.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 BMPbest management practice3.2.2 BODbiological oxygen demand3.2.3 DAFdissolved air flotation3.2.4 EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency3.2.5 MSDSMaterial Saf

19、ety Data Sheet3.2.6 NPENonylphenol ethoxylate3.2.7 OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administra-tion3.2.8 POTWpublicly owned treatment works3.2.9 VOCvolatile organic compounds4. Best Management Practices4.1 The implementation or use of the following:4.1.1 Water Reuse TechnologyA technology or equip

20、mentwithin a laundry facility that reuses, reclaims, or recycleswater. The technology or equipment shall be visible, in use anddesigned for the purpose of reusing, reclaiming, or recyclingwater. Examples include: water reuse systems that capture andreuse final rinses drained from washers; water recy

21、cling orreclamation systems that capture and recycle treated wastewa-ter; and special washers (for example, tunnel washers) that usethe same water more than once for washing linen.4.1.2 Boiler Heat RecoveryA technology or equipmentwithin a laundry facility that recovers heat produced from thefacilit

22、ys water boiler system. The technology or equipmentshall be visible, in use, and designed for the purpose ofrecovering heat from the boiler system. An example includes:stack economizers that capture the “lost or waste heat“ from theboilers hot stack gas.4.1.3 Direct-Fired Hot Water Heating SystemA w

23、aterheating system that does not use a boiler to create steam butuses direct heat to create on-demand hot water.4.1.4 Wastewater Heat RecoveryA technology or equip-ment within a laundry facility that recovers heat present in thefacilitys wastewater. The technology or equipment shall bevisible, in us

24、e and designed for the purpose of recovering heatpresent in the wastewater. Examples include: “shell and tube”or “plate” heat exchangers that capture the “lost or waste heat”from the wastewater.4.1.5 Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (NPE)-Free DetergentNPEs are a type of surfactant that has been used in deter

25、gentsfor years by laundry facilities. EPA studies have shown thatNPEs may be harmful to the environment. The primarydetergent in use by the laundry shall be shown to be “NPE-free” through review of its OSHA Safety Data Sheet.Additionally, detergents should be OPE and DPE free. TheNCTO/AATCC/AAFA VPE

26、P form or equivalent should alsobe reviewed regarding the usage of APEs. Detergents shouldbe APE Free as outlined in NSF/ANSI 336 2011 Section 6.4.6Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs). Cleaning agents, detergents,scouring, dye process, yarn lubricants or finishing agents usedin the production of fiber an

27、d fabric shall not contain inten-tionally added alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEs), specificallynonylphenol ethoxylates or octylphenol ethoxylates at or abovethe inventory limit, including but not limited to the following:Ingredient Name CAS Number : 4-nonylphenoxyethanol 104-35-8, p-octylphenol dietho

28、xylate 2315-61-9, p-octylphenoldiethoxylate 2315-62-0, p-octylphenol diethoxylate 2315-64-2,2-(4-1,1,3,3-tetra methylbutyl)phenoxy)ethanol 2315-67-5,p-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol 9002-93-1, Dodecyl-phenol ethoxylates 9014-92-0, Nonylphenol polyethylene ox-ide 9016-45-9, Octylphenoxypoly (eth

29、oxyethanol) 9036-19-5,Nonoxynol-9 26027-38-3, Nonylphenol monoethoxylate27986-36-3, C9 Branched alkylphenol ethoxylate 68412-54-4,C8 Branched alkylphenol ethoxylate 68987-90-6.4.1.6 Energy Effcient Low-Temperature DetergentsDetergents that are effective in eliminating pathogenic bacteriaat low-wash

30、temperatures (21C instead of 60-71C).4.1.7 Wastewater Pretreatment, Mechanical SolidsRemovalA technology or equipment within a laundry facilitythat pretreats more than 50 % of the total wastewater beforebeing discharged to the sanitary sewer using mechanical solidsremoval. The technology or equipmen

31、t shall be visible, in use,and designed for the purpose of filtering out suspended solids(for example, lint solids) from the wastewater and the associ-ated oil and grease and biological oxygen demand (BOD) thatis removed with the solids. Examples include: shaker screensor rotary drum screens.NOTE 1A

32、lthough you may meet ASTMs standard for sustainabilityby ensuring more than 50 % of all wastewater is pretreated prior todischarge to the sanitary sewer, all companies are responsible for ensuringthey meet all local, state, and federal regulations for wastewater pretreat-ment.4.1.8 Wastewater Pre-Tr

33、eatment, Advanced TreatmentTechnologiesA technology or equipment within a laundryfacility that pretreats more than 50 % of the total wastewaterbefore being discharged to the sanitary sewer using a mechani-cal or chemical means, or both, of advanced treatment. Thetechnology or equipment shall be visi

34、ble, in use, and designedfor the purpose of removing emulsified oil and grease from thewastewater along with suspended solids, BOD, metals, andtoxic organics. Examples include: dissolved air flotation (DAF)systems, and filtration systems (micro-, ultra-, nano-).4.1.9 Energy Effcient Lighting or Skyl

35、ights, or BothLow-energy lighting or skylights, or both, within a laundry facilitythat clearly provide more than 50 % of the laundrys lighting.The lighting or skylights, or both, shall be visible and in use.The lighting shall be certified as compliant with the EPAsEnergy Star program or other equiva

36、lent programs.4.1.10 Energy AuditAn energy audit conducted by athird-party independent contractor to ascertain areas where alaundry facility may save energy by implementing recommen-dations made by the auditing organization. Audits shall beconducted at least once every three years.D7841 1324.1.11 Al

37、ternative EnergySolar or geothermal technologythat clearly provides a minimum of 10 % (individually or incombination) of the electrical energy used in the laundry.4.1.12 Recycling ProgramsQualified waste recycling pro-grams within a laundry facility. Examples include; hangerrecycling, cardboard and

38、paper recycling, bottles and cansrecycling, electronic waste recycling, and waste oil recycling.The facility shall have at least three of the above recyclingprograms in place, and they shall be able to demonstrate thatthese programs are being utilized on a consistent basis.4.1.13 Fleet Vehicle Route

39、 OptimizationThe use of soft-ware or technologies to maximize the efficiency of routesdriven by fleet vehicles to minimize fuel usage and exhaustemissions.4.1.14 Spill Prevention Plan or Slug Discharge ControlPlanA written plan that is in place and describes proceduresto prevent the spill or release

40、 of hazardous substances into theenvironment (spill prevention plan) or discharge of anonroutine, episodic nature (slug discharge plan).4.1.15 Preventative Boiler or Direct-fired Hot Water Heat-ing System MaintenanceMaintenance of the boiler or direct-fired hot water heating systems as prescribed by

41、 the manufac-turer or appropriate regulatory requirement to ensure maximumefficiency of the system. The facility shall provide documen-tation of the prescribed maintenance schedule from the manu-facturer or appropriate regulatory requirement. Records shallalso be kept of when preventative maintenanc

42、e was conductedand the name, address, phone number, and contact person ofthe organization doing the preventative maintenance.4.1.16 Fleet VehiclesAlternative FuelsFacilities musthave at least 15 % of their fleet vehicles equipped to run onalternative fuels, for example, propane.5. Inspection Checkli

43、st5.1 Best Management Practices point allocation system andcertification requirements. See Table 1 and Table 2.6. Procedure6.1 The user of this practice will utilize Table 1 to evaluatethe implementation of the Best Management Practices de-scribed in Section 4. It will be at the discretion of the in

44、spectorto determine if the laundry facility has implemented each BMP.6.2 BMPs shall be clearly demonstrated by the laundryfacility through written documents and by visual evidence.6.3 For certification, laundry facilities shall receive a totalscore of 100 points based on the scoring system for BMPse

45、stablished in Table 2.6.4 Safety procedures for physical inspections of a laundryfacility will follow the safety procedures outlined in PracticeE2107.6.5 The user is cautioned to review each question and thecomments associated with each question. Unique characteris-tics of a Best Management Practice

46、 implemented may affectinterpretation of the use.6.6 Depending on the particular Best Management Practiceimplementation, additional questions may be necessary. Theuser of this practice may choose to ask additional questionsregarding a BMP as applicable.6.7 “N/A” may be indicated where questions requ

47、est infor-mation that is not applicable or not available, or both.7. Keywords7.1 commercial laundry facility; sustainable laundry bestmanagement practiceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. U

48、sers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed eve

49、ry five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM