ASTM D6970-2003(2013)e1 8786 Standard Practice for Collection of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples for Analysis《收集分析用焙烧石油焦样品的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D6970 03 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Practice forCollection of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples forAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReferenced Documents and 7.1 were editorially updated in October 2013.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for

3、the collection ofcalcined petroleum coke samples from conveyor belts ortransfer points. These samples may be used for physical andchemical analyses.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purp

4、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D47

5、02 Practice for Quality Management of MechanicalCoal Sampling Systems (Withdrawn 2008)3D5709 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Petroleum CokeD6969 Practice for Preparation of Calcined Petroleum CokeSamples for Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accuracy, n

6、generally, a term used to indicate thereliability of a sample, a measurement, or an observation.Specifically, a measure of closeness of agreement between anexperimental result and the true value.3.1.1.1 DiscussionExample: the observed and true sulfurcontent of a calcined petroleum coke consignment.

7、Thismeasure is affected by chance errors as well as by bias.3.1.2 analysis sample, nthe reduced and divided represen-tative portion of the bulk sample, prepared for use in thelaboratory.3.1.3 gross sample, na sample representing one lot ofpetroleum coke and composed of a number of increments onwhich

8、 no reduction or division has been performed.3.1.4 increment, na small portion of a lot collected by oneoperation of a sampling device and normally combined withother increments from the lot to make a gross sample.3.1.5 lot, na quantity of coke represented by a grosssample.3.1.6 representative sampl

9、e, na sample collected in such amanner that the size consist is the same as the lot.3.1.7 sample, na quantity of petroleum coke taken from alarger quantity for the purpose of estimating properties orcomposition of the larger quantity.3.1.8 sample preparation, nthe process that may includedrying, cru

10、shing, division, and mixing of a gross sample for thepurpose of obtaining an unbiased analysis sample.3.1.9 size consist, nthe particle size distribution of amaterial; for example, petroleum coke.3.1.10 top size, nthe size of the smallest opening of onesieve of a series upon which is cumulatively re

11、tained a total ofless than 5 % of the sample. This defined top size is not to beconfused with the size of the largest particle in a lot.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained from calcined petroleum coke samplesare used in commercial transactions, controlling plantoperations, and allocating produc

12、tion costs. Use of standardsampling procedures facilitates the task of obtaining a sampleto represent an entire lot of calcined petroleum coke.4.2 This practice gives general procedures for the collectionof calcined petroleum coke samples and is intended to provideuseful methodology for the collecti

13、on of a sample to represent1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Publ

14、ished October 2013.Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6970 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6970-03R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

15、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1a lot of calcined petroleum co

16、ke. The variety of calcinedpetroleum coke handling facilities and sampling applicationspreclude the publication of detailed procedures for everysampling situation.5. Organization of Sampling Operation5.1 Place of Sampling:5.1.1 Sample calcined petroleum coke while it is beingloaded into or unloaded

17、from railcars, ships, barges, or trucks,or when discharged from kilns, supply bins, grab buckets, beltconveyors, or other conveying equipment. The sample shouldbe collected as close to the point of interest as possible.5.1.2 Samples collected from the stationary surface ofcalcined petroleum coke in

18、stockpiles, bins, railcars, trucks,ships, or barges may be unreliable because of size segregationand shall not be used for determining conformance to specifi-cations unless the purchaser and the seller agree. If it isnecessary to collect a stationary sample of calcined petroleumcoke, use a sampling

19、method mutually acceptable to allinvolved parties.5.2 Collection of Gross Sample:5.2.1 Collect increments systematically, and with such fre-quency to produce a representative sample mutually acceptableto all involved parties.5.2.2 It is recommended the gross sample contain at leastthe required minim

20、um number of increments as outlined inTable 1.5.2.3 The quantity of sample to be taken assumes that thetop size of the coke is 25 mm (1 in.) or less.5.3 Four Conditions of Increment Collection are Recog-nized:5.3.1 Condition A (stopped-belt cut), in which a loadedconveyor belt is stopped and a full

21、cross-section cut withparallel sides is removed from the calcined petroleum cokestream. The distance between the parallel faces shall not be lessthan three times the normal top size of the calcined petroleumcoke.5.3.2 Condition B (full-stream cut), in which a full crosssection cut is removed from a

22、moving stream of calcinedpetroleum coke either by manual or mechanical means.5.3.3 Condition C (part-stream cut) , in which a portion, nota full cross section, is removed from a moving stream ofcalcined petroleum coke.5.3.4 Condition D (stationary sampling) , in which a portionof calcined petroleum

23、coke is collected from a pile, a rail car,a barge, truck, or a shiphold.5.4 Size of Increments:5.4.1 Collect increments using a specially designed tool ormechanical device capable of taking increments of equal mass.Increments comprising a gross sample shall not weigh less than2 kg (4.4 lb) each.5.5

24、Quantities Represented:5.5.1 Collect a gross sample for each 2000 metric tons orfraction thereof, or in case of larger tonnage, as may bemutually agreed upon by all involved parties. Practicalexperience, however, indicates the maximum size of a lot ofcalcined petroleum coke to be represented by one

25、gross sampleshall not exceed 15 000 metric tons (see Table 1). Separatesamples shall be taken from each lot of calcined petroleumcoke arising from a different source or known to be of differentquality or size.5.6 Distribution of Increments:5.6.1 It is essential that the increments be distributedthro

26、ughout the lot to be sampled. This distribution is related tothe entire volume of the lot, not merely its surface or any lineardirection through it or over it. If circumstances prevent thesampler from applying this principle, then the lot is sampledonly in part, and the gross sample is representativ

27、e only of thispart. The spacing of increments shall be varied if the possibilityexists that increment collection may get in phase with thesequence of calcined petroleum coke variability. Example:routine sampling where increment collection from a continuousstream (conveyor belt), and where increment

28、collection isautomatic and its sequence coincides with the highs or lows inthe content of fines.6. Sampling Requirements6.1 Dimensions of Sampling Device The opening of thesampling device shall be at least three times the top-size of thecalcined petroleum coke. For practical reasons, however, it isr

29、ecommended that the opening of any sampling device be notless than 32 mm (114 in.), regardless of the top size of thecalcined petroleum coke. The sampling device shall be ofsufficient capacity to completely retain or entirely pass theincrement without loss or spillage at the maximum flow rate ofmate

30、rial.6.2 Movement of Sampling DeviceIn sampling from mov-ing streams of calcined petroleum coke, the sampling device,either mechanical or manual, shall be designed to minimizedisturbance of the calcined petroleum coke, thereby avoidingseparation of various densities and sizes, or both.6.3 Mechanical

31、 Sampling Devices:6.3.1 Cross-stream SamplersThe cross-stream sampler isdesigned to extract increments from falling streams of calcinedpetroleum coke at the end of conveyors or at transfer pointsbetween two conveyors, or both. Increments are obtained by asingle passage of the cross-stream cutting de

32、vice through thefalling stream. Cross-stream cutter speeds must be carefully setand maintained so as to prevent segregation and rejection dueto disturbance of the falling stream. Cutter speeds of 454 mm/s(18 in./s) and less have been shown to produce acceptableresults. Additionally, the cutter must

33、traverse the stream at aconstant velocity and also for each pass.6.3.2 Sweep-arm SamplersThe sweep-arm sampler is de-signed to extract increments directly from the conveyor sur-face. Increments are obtained by a single rotation of thesweep-arm cutting device across the moving, loaded conveyorin a pa

34、th perpendicular to its material flow. Practical experi-ence indicates that the velocity with which the sweep-armTABLE 1 Minimum Increments Required Per LotSample Lot, metric tons Number of Increments1 to 2000 152001 to 5000 205001 to 10 000 2510 001 to 15 000 30D6970 03 (2013)12cutter travels acros

35、s the conveyor shall be as high as possible.The conveyor belt curvature shall be reasonably profiled tomatch that of the bottom of the sweep-arm cutter as it rotatesacross the material flow. Any blades, brushes, or skirts fitted tothe back of the sweep-arm cutter shall be routinely inspectedand adju

36、sted so that they maintain close contact with thesurface of the conveyor to further insure complete incrementextraction. Exercise care to ensure that only material collectedby the cutter is retained in the sample.6.4 Mechanical System Features:6.4.1 It is essential that mechanized systems as a whole

37、,including sampling devices, chutes, feed conveyors, crushers,and other devices be self-cleaning and non-clogging and bedesigned in a manner that facilitates routine inspection,maintenance, and performance testing.6.4.2 If a secondary sampler is used in conjunction with theprimary sampler (cutter),

38、it is recommended to collect aminimum of three secondary increments per primary.6.5 Criteria of Satisfactory PerformanceA satisfactorysampling arrangement is one that produces a sample withaccuracy acceptable to all involved parties. One fundamentalcharacteristic of such an arrangement is that the s

39、ize consist ofthe sample will adequately represent the true size consist of thecalcined petroleum coke. Mechanical sampling systems will beperformance tested initially and at regular intervals thereafterto determine that the sample adequately represents the calcinedpetroleum coke under the normal ra

40、nge of conditions expected.Performance testing can include, but is not limited to: (1)Statistically sound comparisons of sample analysis obtainedfrom the sampling system with stopped-belt samples of thesame calcined petroleum coke; (2) inspections by qualifiedpersonnel; (3) comparison of actual vers

41、us calculated incre-ment weights; and (4) comparison of the weight or volume ofcollected sample with that of the total flow of calcinedpetroleum coke to assure proper and consistent extractioncriteria. In all cases, performance testing will be conductedutilizing consistent practice and execution acc

42、eptable to allinterested parties.NOTE 1See Guide D4702 which can serve as a reference for theinspection of mechanical sampling systems.6.6 Preservation of MoistureIn cases where determinationof sample moisture is important, increments obtained bysampling shall be protected from changes in compositio

43、n dueto exposure to rain, snow, wind, sun, contact with absorbentmaterials, extremes of temperature, and excessive air flowthrough the sampling system. Such samples shall be stored inmoisture-tight containers. Metal cans with airtight lids, orheavy vapor-impervious bags, properly sealed, are satisfa

44、ctoryfor this purpose.7. Processing of the Test Sample7.1 Since some analyses must be performed on the unpre-pared calcined petroleum coke and others on crushed orpulverized material, prior knowledge of the analytical require-ments is necessary before beginning sample preparation.7.2 Process the sam

45、ples collected for sieve analysis ofcalcined petroleum coke in accordance with the proceduregiven in Test Method D5709.7.3 Process the samples taken for the determination of totalmoisture and chemical analysis in accordance with the proce-dure given in Practice D6969.8. Keywords8.1 calcined petroleu

46、m coke; sample preparation; samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ris

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