ASTM D5293-2014 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &ndash 5° C and &ndash 35° C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator《使用冷起动模拟器对5℃至35℃之.pdf
《ASTM D5293-2014 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &ndash 5° C and &ndash 35° C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator《使用冷起动模拟器对5℃至35℃之.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D5293-2014 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &ndash 5° C and &ndash 35° C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator《使用冷起动模拟器对5℃至35℃之.pdf(10页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D5293 14Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base StocksBetween 5 C and 35 C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination ofapparent viscosity of engine
3、oils and base stocks by coldcranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between 5 C and35 C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 Pa to100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105to 104s1forviscosities of approximately 900 mPas to 25 000 mPas. Therange of an instrument is dependent on the instru
4、ment modeland software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosityresults by this method are related to engine-cranking charac-teristics of engine oils.1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement ofhighly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See AppendixX2.1.3 Procedures are provided
5、for both manual and automateddetermination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using thecold-cranking simulator.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
6、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents
7、2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometersand Viscosity Oil StandardsD2602 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine OilsAt Low Temperature Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator(Withdrawn 1993)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.
8、2 ISO Standard:ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Newtonian oil or fluid, none that exhibits a constantviscosity at all shear rates.3.1.2 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, none that exhibits aviscosity that varies wi
9、th changing shear stress or shear rate.3.1.3 viscosity, ,nthe property of a fluid that determinesits internal resistance to flow under stress, expressed by: 5(1)where: = the stress per unit area, and = the rate of shear.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIt is sometimes called the coefficient ofdynamic viscosity. Th
10、is coefficient is thus a measure of theresistance to flow of the liquid. In the SI, the unit of viscosityis the pascal-second; for practical use, a submultiple(millipascal-second) is more convenient and is customarilyused. The millipascal second is 1 cP (centipoise).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
11、 to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent viscosity, nthe viscosity obtained by use ofthis test method.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSince many engine oils are non-Newtonian at low temperature, apparent viscosity can varywith shear rate.3.2.2 calibration oils, noils with known viscosity andviscosity/temperature function
12、ality that are used to define the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapprove
13、d in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5293 101. DOI:10.1520/D5293-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
15、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1calibration relationship between viscosity and cold-crankingsimulator rotor speed.3.2.3 check oil, na batch of test oil used to monitormeasurement performance.3.2.4 test oil, nany oil fo
16、r which the apparent viscosity isto be determined by use of this test method.3.2.5 viscoelastic oil, na non-Newtonian oil or fluid thatclimbs up the rotor shaft during rotation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An electric motor drives a rotor that is closely fittedinside a stator. The space between the
17、rotor and stator is filledwith oil. Test temperature is measured near the stator inner walland maintained by removing heat with a controlled process tomaintain a constant stator temperature during test. The speed ofthe rotor is calibrated as a function of viscosity. Test oilviscosity is determined f
18、rom this calibration and the measuredrotor speed.5. Significance and Use5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oilscorrelates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS appar-ent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flowto the engine oil pump and oil distribution syst
19、em. Enginecranking data were measured by the Coordinating ResearchCouncil (CRC) L-495test with reference oils that had viscosi-ties between 600 mPas and 8400 mPas (cP) at 17.8 C andbetween 2000 mPas and 20 000 mPas (cP) at 28.9 C. Thedetailed relationship between this engine cranking data andCCS app
20、arent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the1967 T edition of Test Method D26026and CRC Report 409.5Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standard-ized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need notaccurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in aspecific e
21、ngine. However, the correlation of CCS apparentviscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results issatisfactory.5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosityand engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between1 C and 40 C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAEgrades 5W, 10W, 1
22、5W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineraloil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.75.3 A correlation was established in a low temperatureengine performance study between light duty engine startabil-ity and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten1990s engines at temperatures ra
23、nging from 5 C down to40 C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W,15W, 20W, and 25W).85.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of basestocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use inengine oil formulations.Asignificant number of the calibrationoils for this method ar
24、e base stocks that could be used in engineoil formulations.6. Apparatus6.1 Two types of apparatus are described for use in this testmethod: the manual cold-cranking simulator (see AppendixX1) and the automated CCS (see 6.2 and 6.3).6.2 Automated CCS,9consisting of a direct current (dc)electric motor
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