ASTM D2944-2014 Standard Practice of Sampling Processed Peat Materials 《泥炭加工材料抽样的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D2944 13D2944 14Standard Practice ofSampling Processed Peat Materials 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2944; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice the covers proceduresprocedure for obtaining samples for use in the determination of moisture, ash, andorganic matter; volume; pH;

3、volume weights, water-holding capacity, and air capacity of water-saturated peat materials; totalnitrogen; particle size range; and sand content of processed peat materials. This procedure is valid for sampling peat materials forhorticultural purposes and produces a sample that is representative of

4、a material.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should

5、be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be

6、applied without consideration of a projectsmany unique aspects. The word ”Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved thoughthe ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.

7、 It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for

8、Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and Construction3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice

9、 provides a uniform procedure for obtaining representative samples when obtained from multiple sources. Itprovides a sample that is more representative of a product that may be heterogeneous in nature. Producing a representative sampleof a material is central to the validity of results any testing/a

10、nalytical procedure.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and ob

11、jectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Slotted Tube Corer,

12、 CoreraA single or double tube, with holes (slots) along the length, pointed end, and a minimum25-mm (1-in.) inside diameter.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium for PlantGrowth.Cur

13、rent edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2014. Published July 2013November 2014. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD2944 71 (2008).D2944 13. DOI: 10.1520/D2944-13.10.1520/D2944-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact

14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been m

15、ade to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A

16、 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Sample Splitter.5.3 Oil Cloth.5.4 Sample Containers Containerswhich can A glass or equivalent inert container with enou

17、gh capacity to hold the type andsize of sample obtained and be hermetically sealed.5.5 Indelible Markers for marking containers or other suitable record system.6. Procedure6.1 Take a representative sample from the lot or shipment with a slotted tube corer as follows:6.1.1 Packaged or Baled PeatsLay

18、the bag or bale horizontally and remove the core diagonally from end to end. Determinethe number of cores as follows: from 1 4 bags, sample all bags, take at least 1 core from each bag for a total of at least 5 cores;from lots of 5 to 10 bags, sample all bags, take 1 core from each bag; from lots of

19、 11 or more, sample 10 bags, take 1 core fromeach bag sampled.6.1.2 Bulk SamplesDraw at least 10 cores from different regions.6.1.3 Small Containers (4.5 kg (10 lb) or less)Using all of the contents of a small container and, working rapidly to preventmoisture losses, reduce the composite sample to n

20、ot less than 500 g by mass or 2 L by volume by mixing on a clean oilcloth orpaper and quartering with a sample splitter. Place the sample in an airtight container.6.2 Sampling by random “grab” procedure is necessary if the particle size range is to be determined or if representative samplecannot be

21、taken with a core sampler. Individual samples should not be less than 500 g by mass or 2 L by volume.6.3 Mark Using an indelible marker, mark each sample with site identification, analyses required, sampling personnel, time, anddate.6.4 Preserve the as-received moisture content of the sample using t

22、he airtight sample containers.7. Keywords7.1 ash; organic matter; peat; samples; samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D2944 71(2008)D2944 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June (November 1

23、, 2013.)2014)(1) Changed directive of standard from a test method to a practiceChanges made throughout to clarify the uses of the different testmethods contained in this standard.(2) Added units statement and judgment caveat to Section 1.(3) Added Sections 2 and 3.(4) Removed former Section 6, Preci

24、sion and Bias.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su

25、ch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addit

26、ional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the

27、 ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the

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