ASTM D2944-2013 Standard Practice of Sampling Processed Peat Materials《泥炭加工材料的抽样标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D2944 13Standard Practice ofSampling Processed Peat Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2944; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining samplesfor use in the determination of moisture, ash, and organicmatter; volume; pH; volume weights, water-h

3、olding capacity,and air capacity of water-saturated peat materials; total nitro-gen; particle size range; and sand content of processed peatmaterials. This procedure is valid for sampling peat materialsfor horticultural purposes and produces a sample that isrepresentative of a material.1.2 The value

4、s stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwit

5、h professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideratio

6、n ofa projects many unique aspects. The word ”Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved though the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th

7、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Age

8、nciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and Construction3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for obtain-ing re

9、presentative samples when obtained from multiplesources. It provides a sample that is more representative of aproduct that may be heterogeneous in nature. Producing arepresentative sample of a material is central to the validity ofresults any testing/analytical procedure.NOTE 1The quality of the res

10、ult produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of t

11、his standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Slotted Tube Corer, a single or double tube, with holes(slots) along th

12、e length, pointed end and a minimum 25-mm(1-in.) inside diameter.5.2 Sample Splitter.5.3 Oil Cloth.5.4 Sample Containers which can hold the type and size ofsample obtained and be hermetically sealed.5.5 Indelible Markers for marking containers or other suit-able record system.6. Procedure6.1 Take a

13、representative sample from the lot or shipmentwith a slotted tube corer as follows:6.1.1 Packaged or Baled PeatsLay the bag or bale hori-zontally and remove the core diagonally from end to end.Determine the number of cores as follows: from14bags,sample all bags, take at least 1 core from each bag fo

14、r a total1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1971. Last previous edition approved i

15、n 2008 as D2944 71 (2008). DOI:10.1520/D2944-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of

16、 Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1of at least 5 cores; from lots of 5 to 10 bags, sample all bags,take 1 core from each bag; from lots of 11 or more, sample 10bags, tak

17、e 1 core from each bag sampled.6.1.2 Bulk SamplesDraw at least 10 cores from differentregions.6.1.3 Small Containers (4.5 kg (10 lb) or less)Using all ofthe contents of a small container and, working rapidly toprevent moisture losses, reduce the composite sample to notless than 500 g by mass or 2 L

18、by volume by mixing on a cleanoilcloth or paper and quartering with a sample splitter. Placethe sample in an airtight container.6.2 Sampling by random “grab” procedure is necessary ifthe particle size range is to be determined or if representativesample cannot be taken with a core sampler. Individua

19、lsamples should not be less than 500 g by mass or 2 L byvolume.6.3 Mark each sample with site identification, analysesrequired, sampling personnel, time, and date.6.4 Preserve the as-received moisture content of the sampleusing the airtight sample containers.7. Keywords7.1 ash; organic matter; peat;

20、 samples; samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D2944 71(2008) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2013.)(1) Changed directive of standard from a test method to apractice(2) Added units s

21、tatement and judgment caveat to Section 1.(3) Added Sections 2 and 3.(4) Removed former Section 6, Precision and Bias.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly

22、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei

23、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten

24、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. In

25、dividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2944 132