ASTM D1833-1987(2004) Standard Test Method for Odor of Petroleum Wax《石油蜡气味的测试方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 1833 87 (Reapproved 2004)Designation: 185/65(85)An American National StandardTechnical Association ofPulp and Paper IndustryTentative Method T 654 ts-64Standard Test Method forOdor of Petroleum Wax1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1833; the number immediately foll

2、owing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test metho

3、d covers a procedure for rating the odorintensity of waxes derived from petroleum.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and d

4、etermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 odor (of a wax) the numerical rating correspondingto the odor scale description that best fits the sample beingtested.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Odor test specimens are prepared from petroleum wa

5、xby placing approximately 10 g of thin shavings on odor-freepaper or glassine. Individual test specimens are then evaluatedfor odor by each panel member and assigned the numbercorresponding to the odor scale description best fitting theintensity of the odor. As an alternative procedure, the waxshavi

6、ngs are placed in bottles, with each panel member makingthe odor evaluation between 15 and 60 min after the specimensare prepared. The average of the panel rating is reported as theodor rating of the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 In some uses of petroleum wax, such as food packaging,odor intensi

7、ty of the wax is an important property. Forexample, some description of limits on wax odor often appearsin specifications for petroleum wax. The method given hereprovides a basis for agreement between laboratories on theodor intensity of wax using a numerical scale rather thandescriptive terms. Whil

8、e the method is primarily intended forrating odor intensity, results can be influenced by odor type.5. Apparatus5.1 ScraperA knife, vegetable scraper, or other sharpinstrument that can be cleaned easily. Mechanical devices thatproduce thin shavings from wax, such as vegetable shreddersor chisel-shap

9、ed bits, may be used.5.2 PaperOdor-free paper or glassine for receiving thewax shavings.5.3 Bottles, 8-oz (250-mL) wide-mouth, with caps (foralternative procedure only).6. Test Panel6.1 The odor test panel should consist of at least five people.6.2 In selecting panel members for wax odor testing, th

10、eimportant factors to be considered are (1) agreement with the“true” rating, and (2) individual consistency. A method whichmay be used for checking these factors is given in theAppendix X1.NOTE 1Any members with respiratory infection should be omittedsince sensitivity may be impaired.7. Sample and T

11、est Specimen7.1 The sample shall consist of a block of wax at roomtemperature, from which at least 100 g of shavings may beobtained.7.2 The test specimen for evaluation by each panel membershall consist of approximately 10 g of wax in thin shavingsobtained from the sample.8. Procedure8.1 Scrape the

12、surface of the sample to remove any foreignmaterial and discard those scrapings. Using a clean scraper,prepare test specimens of approximately 10 g each of wax in1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of

13、SubcommitteeD02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Wax.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 183387 (1999).This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965. In the IP, thismethod is under the juri

14、sdiction of the Standardization Committee.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thin shavings, placing them on odor-free paper or glassine.Obtain shavings that represent a cross section of the samplebeing tested. Prepare on

15、e test specimen for each panel member.NOTE 2Conduct odor tests in a room as free as possible from odor.Avoid low relative humidity conditions, if possible, since it may causedifficulty in odor perception.8.2 Each panel member shall make the odor evaluationimmediately after the shavings are prepared

16、by placing thenostrils in contact with the shavings and sniffing lightly (Note3). An alternative procedure is permitted as follows: Immedi-ately after preparing the shavings, transfer them to clean,odor-free bottles which are then capped. Prepare one bottle foreach panel member. Each panel member sh

17、all then evaluate thetest specimen between 15 and 60 min after preparation, byremoving the bottle cap, placing the nostrils at the bottle mouthand sniffing lightly.NOTE 3If the specimen is smelled repeatedly, the odor level willusually seem to decrease due to “olfactory fatigue” or loss of volatilec

18、omponents in the specimen, or both.8.3 Record the numerical rating, as shown in Table 1, whichcorresponds to the odor intensity that best characterizes eachspecimen.NOTE 4Panel members should not discuss odor test results until alltests have been completed on a sample.8.4 Individual panel members sh

19、all not evaluate a series ofmore than three specimens at a time. Intervals of at least 15min between each series shall be mandatory.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate to the nearest 0.5 unit the average of thenumerical ratings given to a sample by the panel members. Ifany of the individual ratings differ f

20、rom the average by morethan 1.0 unit, repeat the odor evaluation test for that sample byall panel members. If, on the second test, any individual resultsdiffer from the average by more than 1.0 unit, discard thoseindividual results and calculate a new average.10. Report10.1 Report the average panel

21、rating calculated to thenearest 0.5 unit as the odor rating of the sample by ASTMD 1833.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionA precision statement is being developedfor this test method.11.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of odor can be defined only in terms of a t

22、estmethod.12. Keywords12.1 odor; petroleum wax; waxAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. METHOD FOR SELECTING PANEL MEMBERSX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 Prospective panel members may be checked by thismethod for (1) agreement with the “true” rating, and (2)individual consistency.X1.2 Agreement with the “True” Ra

23、tingX1.2.1 Select four wax samples that have slight but differentodor intensities. (Usually 3 or 4 lb (1 or 2 kg) of each waxsample is required for the evaluation of eight or ten prospectivemembers.) Prepare the specimens for testing as described in8.1, and place them in an odor-free location. Each

24、of theprospective panel members shall rate the samples alphabeti-cally from A to D in the order of preferencebest or worst.Ratings shall be made once per day until eight or ten ratingshave been made on the same set of waxes. (Identify the waxesby different code numbers each day.) Individual members

25、shallbe graded against the “true” ratings of the waxes that arearrived at as follows:4 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 1stplace,3 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 2ndplace,2 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 3rdplace,1 point is given to a s

26、ample each time it appears in 4th place.X1.2.2 Add all points at the end of the testing program toarrive at the relative ratings of the samples, which are taken asthe “true” ratings.X1.2.3 Determine the individual grade of the prospectivepanel member as follows: Subtract the same number of pointson

27、each sample as the number of places it is away from its“true” rating. For example, if four waxes are found by the panelto rate in the order A, B, C, D, and the individual tester ratesthem in the order B, C, A, D, then his “B” is out of position by1, “C” is out 1,“ A” is out by 2, and “D” is properly

28、 placed. Theprospective panel member has missed by a total of 4 points.The greatest possible number of points accrued if his rating hadbeen a complete reversal from the panel rating, would havebeen 8. The prospective members score is therefore 50 for theone rating.TABLE 1 Odor Intensity ScaleNumeric

29、al Rating Odor Description0 none1 slight2 moderate3 strong4 very strongD 1833 87 (2004)2Score 5 R 2 L!/R 3 100 (X1.1)where:R = points when panel order is reversed, andL = actual points when compared to panel order.X1.2.4 The individuals final score is the average of all hisdaily scores.X1.3 Individu

30、al ConsistencyX1.3.1 The individuals consistency is determined in ex-actly the same manner as his score as described in X1.2.3,except that his daily ratings shall be compared with his ownoverall average rather than the “true” rating.X1.4 Average ScoreX1.4.1 A normally competent tester should score a

31、bout 70in both “true” rating and individual consistency. Other scoringmethods, however, may be used to fit particular circumstances.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard

32、 are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif n

33、ot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which

34、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1833 87 (2004)3