ASTM A297 A297M-2008 Standard Specification for Steel Castings Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel Heat Resistant for General Application.pdf

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1、Designation: A 297/A 297M 08Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel,Heat Resistant, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 297/A 297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adopti

2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.NoteTable S9.1 was corrected editorially and the year date changed on May 6, 2008.1.

3、Scope*1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. Thegrades covered by this specification are general purpose alloysand no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloysused for special production application.NOTE 1For heat-

4、resisting alloys used for special product application,reference should be made to SpecificationA 351/A 351M,A 217/A 217M,and A 447/A 447M.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalent

5、s; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Par

6、ts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 447/A 447M Specification for Steel Castings,Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temper

7、ature ServiceA 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseA 957 Specification for Investment Castings, Steel andAlloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use3. General Conditions for Delivery3.1 Except for investment castings, mater

8、ial furnished tothis specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-fication A 781/A 781M, including any supplementary require-ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconformance with this s

9、pecification. Incase of conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A 781/A 781M, this specification shall pre-vail.3.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A 957, includingany supplementary requirements th

10、at are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A 957 constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A 957, SpecificationA 957 shall prevail.4. Ordering In

11、formation4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate thefollowing:4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number ordrawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on thecasting drawing),4.1.2 Grade of steel,4.1.3 Options in the specification, and4.1.4 The supplementary requirements

12、desired including thestandards of acceptance.5. Process5.1 Alloys shall be made by the following processes:electric-arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct r

13、esponsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved May 6, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 297/A 297M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser

14、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un

15、ited States.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings for heat-resistant service may be shipped in theas-cast condition without heat treatment. If heat treatment isrequired, the treatment shall be established by mutual agree-ment between the manufacturer and the purchaser and shall beso specified in the inquiry

16、, contract, or order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Alloys shall conform to the requirements as to chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 1.8. Repair by Welding8.1 The composition of the deposited weld metal shall besimilar to the composition of the casting. All weld repairs shallbe subjected to the sa

17、me inspection standards as the casting.8.2 Castings with major weld repairs shall be heat treated inaccordance with Section 6.8.3 Weld repairs shall be considered major when the depthof the cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of theactual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is sma

18、ller,or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10in.265 cm2.8.3.1 When Supplementary Requirement S7 is specified onthe purchase order, or inquiry, major weld repairs shall besubject to the prior approval of the purchaser.8.4 All other weld repairs shall be considered minor andmay be mad

19、e at the discretion of the manufacturer withoutprior approval of the purchaser.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. Alist of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is include

20、d inSpecification A 781/A 781M. Those which are ordinarily considered suitable for use with thisspecification are given below. Others enumerated in A 781/A 781M may be used with thisspecification upon agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic

21、ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS5. Examination of Weld PreparationS6. CertificationS7. Prior Approval of Major Weld RepairsS8. MarkingS9. Tension TestS9.1 One tension test shall be made from material repre-senting each heat. The bar from which the test specimen

22、istaken shall be heat treated in production furnaces to the sameprocedure as the castings it represents. The results shallconform to the requirements specified in Table S9.1.S9.2 Test bars shall be poured in separately cast keel blocksshown in Specification A 781/A 781M, unless the purchaseorder is

23、for investment castings, in which case, test materialshall be poured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification A 957.S9.3 Tension test specimens may be cut from heat-treatedcastings; or from as-cast castings if no heat treatment isspecified for the castings, instead of from test bars when

24、agreedTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade TypeComposition, %CarbonManganese,maxSilicon,maxPhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxChromium NickelMolybdenum,maxAHF 19 Chromium, 9 Nickel 0.200.40 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 18.023.0 8.012.0 0.50HH 25 Chromium, 12 Nickel 0.200.50 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 24.028.0 11.014.0 0.50HI 28

25、 Chromium, 15 Nickel 0.200.50 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 26.030.0 14.018.0 0.50HK 25 Chromium, 20 Nickel 0.200.60 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 24.028.0 18.022.0 0.50HE 29 Chromium, 9 Nickel 0.200.50 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 26.030.0 8.011.0 0.50HT 15 Chromium, 35 Nickel 0.350.75 2.00 2.50 0.04 0.04 15.019.0 33.037.0 0.5

26、0HU 19 Chromium, 39 Nickel 0.350.75 2.00 2.50 0.04 0.04 17.021.0 37.041.0 0.50HW 12 Chromium, 60 Nickel 0.350.75 2.00 2.50 0.04 0.04 10.014.0 58.062.0 0.50HX 17 Chromium, 66 Nickel 0.350.75 2.00 2.50 0.04 0.04 15.019.0 64.068.0 0.50HC 28 Chromium 0.50 max 1.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 26.030.0 4.00 max 0.50HD

27、 28 Chromium, 5 Nickel 0.50 max 1.50 2.00 0.04 0.04 26.030.0 4.07.0 0.50HL 29 Chromium, 20 Nickel 0.200.60 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 28.032.0 18.022.0 0.50HN 20 Chromium, 25 Nickel 0.200.50 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 19.023.0 23.027.0 0.50HP 26 Chromium, 35 Nickel 0.350.75 2.00 2.50 0.04 0.04 2428 3337 0.50ACast

28、ings having a specified molybdenum range agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser may also be furnished under these specifications.A 297/A 297M 082upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser or at theoption of the producer if suitable separately cast test material isnot available.S9.4 T

29、est specimens shall be the standard round 2-in.50-mm gage length specimen shown in Specification A 370,unless the purchase order is for investment castings, in whichcase, the specimen shall be in accordance with SpecificationA 957.S9.5 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do notconfor

30、m to the requirements specified, the castings may bere-heat treated and re-tested, but may not be solution treated orre-austenitized more than twice.S9.6 If any test specimen shows defective machining ordevelops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimensubstituted from the same heat.SUMMARY OF

31、 CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A 297/A297M 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 6, 2008.)(1) Corrected Table S9.1 to include HP data.Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to t

32、his standard since the last issue (A 297/A297M 97 (Reapproved 2003) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2007.)(1) Revised Sections 2, 3, and S9 to add requirements forinvestment castings.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights assert

33、ed in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by t

34、he responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive

35、 careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Interna

36、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through

37、the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE S9.1 Tensile RequirementsGrade TypeTensile Strength,minYield Point,minElongationin2in.50 mm,min, %Aksi MPa ksi MPaHF 19 Chromium, 9 Nickel 70 485 35 240 25HH 25 Chromium, 12 Nickel 75 515 35 240 10HI 28 Chromium, 15 Nickel 70 485 35 240 10HK 25 Chromium, 20 Nicke

38、l 65 450 35 240 10HE 29 Chromium, 9 Nickel 85 585 40 275 9HT 15 Chromium, 35 Nickel 65 450 . . 4HU 19 Chromium, 39 Nickel 65 450 . . 4HW 12 Chromium, 60 Nickel 60 415 . . .HX 17 Chromium, 66 Nickel 60 415 . . .HC 28 Chromium 55 380 . . .HD 28 Chromium, 5 Nickel 75 515 35 240 8HL 29 Chromium, 20 Nickel 65 450 35 240 10HN 20 Chromium, 25 Nickel 63 435 . . 8HP 26 Chromium, 35 Nickel 62.5 430 34 235 4.5AWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in thisspecification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1. Editorially added.A 297/A 297M 083