AASHTO T 349-2013 Standard Method of Test for Filling Capacity of Self- Consolidating Concrete Using the Caisson Test.pdf

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1、Standard Method of Test for Filling Capacity of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using the Caisson Test AASHTO Designation: T 349-131American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3b T 349-1 AASHTO Standard Method of T

2、est for Filling Capacity of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using the Caisson Test AASHTO Designation: T 349-1311. SCOPE 1.1. This test method covers the determination of filling capacity of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). 1.2. The test method is limited to SCC having a nominal maximum size coarse ag

3、gregate up to 1 in. (25 mm). This test method can also be used for SCC containing smaller aggregate nominal maximum size. 1.3. The values stated in either inch-pounds or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in e

4、ach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It

5、is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations to use. WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure (

6、Note 1). Note 1The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, located in the related section of Volume 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, are recommended. 1.5. The text of these standard reference notes provides explanatory material. These notes (excluding tho

7、se in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: R 39, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory R 60, Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete 2.2. ASTM Standards: C125, Standard Terminology Relating to Concre

8、te and Concrete Aggregates C1621/C1621M, Standard Test Method for Passing Ability of Self-Consolidating Concrete by J-Ring 2.3. American Concrete Institute Standard: ACI 237R, Self-Consolidating Concrete 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserv

9、ed. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3b T 349-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to ASTM C125. 3.2. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1. filling abilityThe ability of self-consolidating concrete t

10、o flow under its own mass and completely fill formwork (ACI 237R). 3.2.2. passing abilityThe ability of self-consolidating concrete to flow under its own weight (without vibration) and fill completely all spaces within intricate formwork containing obstacles, such as reinforcement (ASTM C1621/C1621M

11、). 3.2.3. filling capacityThe ability of self-consolidating concrete to flow and completely fill all spaces within the formwork. 4. SUMMARY OF THE TEST METHOD 4.1. The caisson filling capacity test is used to assess the filling capacity of the SCC. SCC is introduced from a tremie pipe equipped with

12、a hopper at a constant rate in a container with obstacles until the concrete rises in the caisson to a height of 9 0.1 in. (225 2.5 mm). The area occupied by the concrete in the restricted section is used to calculate the filling capacity. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. This test method provides users

13、 with a laboratory procedure to determine the potential filling capacity of SCC. 5.2. This test method shall be used to develop SCC mixtures with a high level of workability. SCC is a fluid concrete that can be prone to segregation if not proportioned to be cohesive. A cohesive SCC is important for

14、all applications but is especially critical for deep and highly reinforced sections. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. CaissonThe caisson shall be 20 0.2 in. (500 5 mm) in length, 12 0.1 in. (300 3 mm) in height, and 6 0.1 in. (150 3 mm) in width. It shall have a flat and smooth surface. In the container are 35 obs

15、tacles made of copper with a diameter of 0.63 0.01 in. (16 0.25 mm) and a distance center to center of 2 0.04 in. (50 1 mm), as shown in Figure 1. 6.2. Tremie PipeThe tremie pipe shall have an inside diameter of 4.0 0.2 in. (100 5 mm). The opening of the tremie pipe should be 6 in. (150 mm) above th

16、e top of the caisson. The tremie pipe should not extend into the caisson. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3b T 349-3 AASHTO Figure 1Details of Caisson 6.3. Measuring DeviceRuler, metal

17、 roll-up measuring tape, or similar rigid or semirigid length-measuring instrument marked in increments of 0.25 in. (5 mm) or less. 6.4. Sample ReceptacleThe receptacle shall be a heavy-gauge metal pan; wheelbarrow; or flat, clean nonabsorbent board of sufficient capacity to allow easy remixing of t

18、he entire sample with a shovel, trowel, or scoop. 6.5. Tremie PipeThe tremie pipe shall have an inside diameter of 4.0 0.2 in. (100 5 mm). 7. SAMPLE 7.1. Obtain a sample of freshly mixed SCC in accordance with R 60 and place it in the sample receptacle in accordance with R 39. 8. PROCEDURE 8.1. Perf

19、orm the filling capacity test on a flat, level surface. Do not subject the testing surface to any vibration or disturbance. 8.2. Remixing of SampleRemix the sample obtained in accordance with Section 7.1 in the sample receptacle, using a shovel or scoop so that the concrete is homogeneous. 8.3. Fill

20、ing the MoldUsing a bucket, fill the caisson with concrete at a constant rate of approximately 0.7 ft3/min (20 L/min) until the concrete rises in the caisson area directly below the tremie pipe and is free of the horizontal obstacles to a height of 9 0.1 in. (225 2.5 mm) from the bottom. 8.4. Wait f

21、or the concrete to stop flowing and then measure the height of concrete from h1to h8, as shown in Figure 2. Determine the filling capacity in accordance with Section 9 of this test method. 9 in.(225 mm)12 in.(300 mm)1.4 in.(34 mm)2 in.(50 mm)1.7 in.(43 mm)Tremie PipeClear Acrylic Plate,0.5 in. (12.5

22、 mm)Copper Tube,0.6-in. (16-mm) DiameterDepth = 6 in. (150 mm)14 in. (350 mm)6 in. (150 mm) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3b T 349-4 AASHTO Figure 2Details on Calculation of Filling

23、Capacity 9. CALCULATION 9.1. Calculate the filling capacity using the following equation: ( )7111% 10014iiihhFCh+=+= (U.S. Customary or SI units) (1) where: FC = Filling capacity hi= Height of concrete at i position 10. REPORT 10.1. The report shall include the following: 10.1.1. Mixture designation

24、, 10.1.2. The h values at different positions, and 10.1.3. The filling capacity to the nearest 2 percent. H8H7H6H5H4H3H2H1hi= 12 in. Hi(hi= 300 mm Hi) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3

25、b T 349-5 AASHTO 11. PRECISION AND BIAS 11.1. PrecisionThe estimate of the precision of this test method is provisional. A repeatability standard deviation of 1.2 percent was obtained from a study involving five replicate batches of a concrete mixture with a mean filling capacity of 94 percent. 11.2

26、. BiasThe procedure used in this test method has no bias because filling capacity of self-consolidating concrete is defined only in terms of this method. 12. KEYWORDS 12.1. Coarse aggregate; filling capacity; passing ability; self-consolidating concrete; stability. 1Formerly AASHTO Provisional Standard TP 94. First published as a full standard in 2013. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.