剑桥商务英语高级-121及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语高级-121 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)AGlobalisation is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction between people and compa

2、nies in disparate locations. As a term, “globalisation“ has been used as early as 1944 but economists began applying it around 1982. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with its coining through the article he wrote in 1983 for the Harvard Business Review entitled “Globalisation of Markets“. The more

3、 encompassing phenomenon has been perceived in the context of sociological study on a worldwide scale.BInflation risk is whether a rate of return or an investment keeps up with the rate of inflation. For example, if there is 4 percent inflation over the year, you must have 4 percent more money at th

4、e end of the year than at the beginning of the year to buy the same amount of goods and services. That means your stock need to go up in value more than 4 percent to earn a return on your investment. Stocks have generally done very well in this category.CA Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy whic

5、h has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the conclusion that there is such an accumulation of CHGs (especially CO2) in the atmosphere due to a

6、nthropogenic causes, that the climate is changing. The over-concentrations of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. Globally implemented LCEs therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climat

7、e change, and as a precursor to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy.DA web search engine, which is commonly named as “a search engine“, is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are usually presented in a list of results and are c

8、ommonly called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a m

9、ixture of algorithmic and human input.ECultural tourism (also called culture tourism or cultural heritage tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or regions culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those peoples, their art, arch

10、itecture, religion, and other elements that help shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indige

11、nous cultural communities (i. e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle.（分数：8.00）(1).This term is sometimes used to describe the pursuit of free market policies in the world economy.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).This term reflects a stocks sensibility to unexpected changes in the inflation rate.（

12、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).This term is also referred to as Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy which is proposed to cope with climate change.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).This term was first used in economic field 38 years later than it had been first presented.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).This term refers to a tool used for searching o

13、n the Internet.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).This term has been presented to describe a popular form of entertainment for the global public.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).This term has been presented with the purpose of protecting the global environment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).This term has been used in a limited sphere, an

14、d people who dont use or have never used the Internet dont benefit from it.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Is an internship really all that important? In years past，it was more common for college students to take summer jobs at local retail outlets or restaurants just fo earn money，said Joh

15、n AChallenger，chief executive of Challenger Gray ChristmasBut now an internship is seem as a votal first career step，he saidIt can be extremely important as a way to determine which industries，companies and types of work are best for you，and as a way to secure future references and job offers Once s

16、tarting an internship，make the most of itAbove allbe realisticSome people approach internships with a sense of entitlement，said Mark Oldman，founder of Vault，a career Web site，and the author of several books on internshipsHe addedits hard to go from a campus hot stuff to a corporate layman，and its ri

17、dicuious when some interns want to come in and change everything (9) If you feel clueless，use that to your advantage (10) Interns generally have more freedom than the average employee to pass across departments and hierarchies in search of helpThey can gain valuable knowledge and mentors，because mos

18、t people enjoy sharing their experience with a younger generation In general，Mr.Oldman said，Its important for an intern to quickly decode the culture of the company and not step outside thatThat extends to the way you dress，MrChallenger saidA lot of times when youre younger you want to show how uniq

19、ue you are rather than identify with others，he said (11) In the opinion of Mr.Oldman，internships are an ideal way for employers to find out whether a new worker is suitable for a particular job (12) Therefore，as an intern，when you are asked to perform tasks that are boring and unimportant，you should

20、nt feel wronged by thatYou should be willing to do such work because that shows you are a hard worker，said Mr.Oldman (13) Look for work，but do it gently or indirectly，and not too assertively，Mr.Oldman addeddo whats asked of you optimally and then offer your services for additional projects Last but

21、not least，theres something you can do to improve the chances that your internship will lead to a job offerBefore you leave，build a bridge to the future，Mr.Oldman saidGo over what you learned with your managersand tell them how much you appreciated the opportunity to work with them (14) That way，even

22、 if your internship does not lead to a job at that company，it will help clear a path to your eventual employer AThey enable employers to see who works hard，who gets along with everybody，who seems to fit Into their culture BAnd ask whether your managers would be willing to write a letter of recommend

23、ation before you leave CIt is much more appropriate to approach the internship with a learning attitude，as suggested by MrOldman DMany interns dont attach sufficient importance to this EAt the same timebe on the lookout for projects that will let you make good use of more advanced skills FThe power

24、of curious interns cant be overestimated GIn the workplace，however，you tend to be judged by your willingness to fit into the groups norms HBut now an internship is seen as a vital first career step，he said。（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)graduate recruit

25、ment has a growing role. But companies need to know whether their recruitment staff who interview candidates for jobs really know what theyre doing.Carl Gilleard, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), acknowledges that in a perfect world, the people who recruit graduates w

26、ould have been in the role for some time building up workplace knowledge. He says the reality is that the high turnover of graduate recruitment managers in most blue chips means there is little continuity in how companies operate. Theres the difficulty in maintaining important contact with universit

27、y careers departments, for example, he explains. You need a depth of understanding to appreciate where the company is coming from and how its progressing.We can identify two specialisms within the recruiters role. Those that work on the recruitment and selection side need traditional human resources

28、 (HR) skills such as good interviewing technique, observation, common sense, objectivity, patience and listening skills. But increasingly there are those who take a strategic view and look more widely at how their company is represented in the marketplace. Its a clear advantage if you can identify w

29、ith your target audience.Many young members of middle management are seconded into HR for a year because their firms feel they can identify with job-seeking graduates. Yet in an industry that has been revolutionised by the internet, privatised career services and rocketing numbers in higher educatio

30、n, it is questionable how relevant these managers experiences are. Some high-fliers see a secondment to HR as a sideways move; a firms HR function might not carry the same kudos as, say, the finance department, although obviously the recruitment and retention of staff is of crucial importance.Georgi

31、a de Saram, specialising in graduate recruitment at a law firm, is one of a new breed of young dynamic recruiters who see HR as their vocation rather than a transitory career move. I was attracted to the profession because I enjoy working with people and its an obvious follow-on from my anthropology

32、 degree, she says. In this capacity, you get to know people and they know you even though they might not know other people in the firm. As a recruiter, she sees herself as the interface between graduates and the firm thats looking to attract them? Its such a tug of war between law firms for the best

33、 trainees - often theyll turn you down in favour of an offer theyve received from elsewhere. You need to be good at marketing your firm, to know what interests graduates and how you can reach potential employees, whether thats through virtual law fairs or magazines.A recent AGR survey suggests that

34、the sectors in which there is less turnover of graduate recruitment managers are more successful in recruiting the graduates they want. The legal sectors sophisticated understanding of the market, for example, means they manage to recruit exactly the right number of trainees despite intense competit

35、ion and thousands of applications. The people recruiting seem to build up a specialism and then pass on their knowledge and expertise to those new to the graduate recruitment sector.Jackie Alexander, an HR partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers, feels that HR professionals are finally reaching board leve

36、l and receiving the sort of acknowledgement they deserve. They are judged by the value they add to the business, she says, and, as a professional services firm, the right people are our biggest asset. As Georgia de Saram points out: From our companys point of v. iew, if I cant establish a rapport wi

37、th a candidate and bring out their best, it might not be just their future but also ours that is at stake.（分数：6.00）(1).According to Carl Gilleard, many recruiters lackA. detailed knowledge of their sector.B. appropriate academic qualifications.C. understanding of graduates expectations.D. experience

38、 of the companies they work for.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What change in the recruitment process is mentioned in the third paragraph?A. Recruitment staff are re-training.B. Broader approaches are being adopted.C. Traditional abilities are being given less value.D. Different interview processes are being

39、used.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).On what grounds are certain managers seconded to HR departments?A. It is believed that they will relate to potential recruits.B. It is thought that they will benefit most from new developments.C. It is assumed that they will be able to apply specialised knowledge.D. It is e

40、xpected that they will take advantage of new promotion opportunities.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following areas does Georgia de Saram mention as an aspect of her work?A. representing her company effectively to its recruitsB. increasing recruitment numbers at her companyC. encouraging a wide r

41、ange of company recruitsD. influencing her companys recruitment policy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What was revealed about law firms in a survey?A. They are competing more effectively than before against other sectors.B. They prefer to retain trainees for extended periods wherever possible.C. They have mana

42、ged to employ particularly knowledgeable HR staff.D. They appeal to those HR managers who are keen for promotion.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What point is made about recruitment in the final paragraph?A. New levels of qualification are being developed for it.B. It is now being perceived as key to increased

43、 profitability.C. Higher numbers of managers are being attracted to it.D. It is becoming central to a businesss survival. PART FOUR（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Market researchMarket research has become more and more important in recent years. In some organisations, in fact, managers w

44、ill not initiate any activity without market research to back. them up.The first thing to be said about market research is that it is not an (21) to management decision-making. No form of market research, no matter how deep, complicated and detailed, can ever be seen as a substitute for creative dec

45、ision-making by professional managers (22) its very best, all it can do is (23) some doubt and clarify the nature of the problem. It may even be seen as a tool which can improve the (24) of decisions but it is not in itself a decision-making mechanism.Market research, in (25) with a number of other

46、approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate. Market research results can never be completely accurate because they (26) with a dynamic, ever-changing marketplace. It is vital that this is understood by everyone with an interest in the results. There is

47、, therefore, an ongoing need for creativity and imagination when (27) market research results and when making any (28) to apply them in the marketplace.Lastly, it should always be remembered that market research is not an end in itself but simply a (29) by which some degree of risk can be removed fr

48、om marketplace activity. If no activity (30) from the research, then the entire exercise has been completely pointless.（分数：10.00）(1).A. option B. alternative C. end D. opening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. For B. From C. At D. With（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. reject B. omit C. deny D. remove（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. quality B. goodness C. well-being D. virtue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. association B. common C. addition D. connection（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. work B. manage C. deal D. operate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. deciding B. thinking C. proving D. considering（分数