【考研类试卷】南京大学真题2005年及答案解析.doc

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1、南京大学真题 2005 年及答案解析(总分：89.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.（分数：1.00）A.fields of studyB.groups of expertsC.seminarsD.regulations2.Your analogy was not a good one

2、 because the two situations are not similar.（分数：1.00）A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition3.Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father.（分数：1.00）A.constrictedB.drawnC.tiedD.restricted4.The conquerors stole not only the go

3、ld and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.（分数：1.00）A.substituteB.recollectC.restockD.resume5.Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.（分数：1.00）A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threa

4、t6.Project Hond Start which was inaugurated in the United States in 1965 is a federally funded preschool for economically and culturally disadvantaged children.（分数：1.00）A.initiatedB.celebratedC.installedD.proposed7.The editorial described drug abuse as the greatest calamity of our age.（分数：1.00）A.cat

5、alystB.disasterC.casualtyD.retaliation8.Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University.（分数：1.00）A.organizationB.administriationC.connectionD.cooperation9.Whenever be goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances.（分数：1.00）A.finds a lodging inB.makes a close study

6、ofC.provides lodging forD.adapts himself to10.The scholar discoursed at great lengths on the unconventional poetic style of Walter Whitman, the 19th century American poet.（分数：1.00）A.indicatedB.conversedC.fabricatedD.repudiated11.Even after ten years her name conjures up such beautiful memories.（分数：1

7、.00）A.covers upB.revealsC.brings to mindD.makes up12.Students learning about how life began on Earth may be presented with the perplexing question, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?“（分数：1.00）A.pressingB.puzzlingC.patronizingD.penetrating13.Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the sub

8、ject under discussion.（分数：1.00）A.significanceB.valueC.enlightenmentD.relevance14.The family was too obstinate to evacuate the house when the flood began.（分数：1.00）A.scaredB.stubbornC.secureD.cautious15.The new administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry.（分数：1.00）A.encouragemen

9、tB.limitationC.noninterferenceD.interference二、BPart B/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.Satellite technology (means) (that people) can watch the same TV programs in (other) parts of the world (like) in America. A. means B. that people C. other D. like in（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.(Depictions) of animals and hunting scen

10、es (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the western, (has been) a resurgence (in) popularity (in recent years). A. types B. has bee

11、n C. in D. in recent years（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.The groundhog comes (out its) burrow (after) hibernating (through) winter, and wanders about the prairie (looking) for food. A. out its B. after C. through D. looking（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.The immune system (protects) the body (by) recognizing and destroying

12、(abnormally) or foreign cells, as well as (providing) antibodies to fight bacteria. A. protects B. by C. abnormally D. providing（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the cost (to be) sick. A. the B. avoiding C. less D. to be（分数：1.0

13、0）填空项 1:_22.Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons). A. alike B. that C. possess D. skeletons（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. A.

14、 directing B. achieving C. and was D. modern（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.Cheap labor (scarcity was) in the cotton plantations (of the) American South, and (slaves) became (standard) practice. A. scarcity B. of the C. slaves D. standard（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.A pacifist is a person (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in

15、 solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means. A. with B. hold C. in solving D. via（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.(In) the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians (lived) in the Northern Hemisphere grew (their) crops on river bottom (lands). A. In B. lived C. their D. lands（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.(The) number of lepros

16、y cases around the world (has been) cut (of) ninety (percent) during the past ten years. A. The B. has been C. of D. percent（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_28.(In) the same way that (news services) have changed (since) the invention of television. So(does) entertainment. A. In B. news services C. since D. does（分数：1

17、.00）填空项 1:_29.Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the bodys calcium balance (and) tooth decay. A. research B. what C. link between D. and（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). A. must pr

18、otected B. it C. from D. radiations（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators U(31) /U effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to U(32) /Uthemsel

19、ves to the new medium U(33) /U When working U(34) /U radio for example, they had become U(35) /U to seeing on behalf of the listener. This art of seeing for others means that the commentator had to be very good at taling. U(36) /U all he has to be able to create a continuous sequence of visual image

20、s which add meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the case of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, U(37) /Uis completely different. He is there to make sure that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular t

21、hings, and U (38) /U the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he U(39) /U know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments U(40) /U the pictures speak for themselves.（分数：10.00）A.were able to be equallyB.were able to be equalC.were able being equallyD.were able to

22、be equalA.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modifyA.was technicalB.was technicallyC.were technicalD.were technicallyA.onB.atC.withD.behindA.experiencedB.determinedC.establishedD.accustomedA.AfterB.AboveC.OfD.InA.howeverB.after allC.thereforeD.in effectA.exhibitB.demonstrateC.exposeD.interpretA.shouldB.mustC.canD.

23、wouldA.ifB.whenC.whichD.as四、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BPassage One/BAs individuals, we are inherently more bruited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We are only one person-looking at the world from o

24、ne place, one history, one pattern of knowing.A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories, many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity.Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity wel

25、l. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that dialogue-a creative controversy or consensus proce

26、ss that winds its way to wise public judgment.The best government is that government which enables communities to do this-to nurture and utilizes their wisdom and resources-especially their diversity-in such a way that they require less and less government.A community that can manage itself in a wis

27、e and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they cant depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each others power. They know that leaders work must be seen as living extensi

28、ons of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive “followership“ abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. I

29、n a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has “come of age“. Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its inner resources (its diverse members) and relating

30、 responsively and creatively with its environment.（分数：6.00）(1).The writer believes that individuals _.（分数：1.00）A.are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourcefulB.are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circleC.can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledgeD.must decide wh

31、ether or not to take advantage of the diversity(2).The writer compares individuals and communities in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.argue that communities are wiser than individualsB.criticize communitys lack of friendliness and perspectiveC.prove that each has its own merits and advantagesD.show how commun

32、ity wisdom comes from individuals(3).According to the passage, the best truth comes when _.（分数：1.00）A.all different communities are equally smartB.the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole communityC.people of various opinions work together in a productive wayD.people hold debates and put on

33、plays to find out the wise judgment(4).It can be concluded that the best goverment is one _.（分数：1.00）A.that guides communities to make wise judgmentB.that encourages communities to work for the governmentC.that makes use of communitys wisdom and diversity to perform its functionD.that leaves governi

34、ng to the wisdom of communities and governs least(5).According to the passage, in a democratic society _.（分数：1.00）A.collective wisdom is employed in the management of the communityB.government is regarded as useless and unnecessaryC.leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide peopleD.people ar

35、e allowed to do whatever they want to do(6).In the last paragraph, the phrase “come of age“ is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.arrival of a new timeB.reaching maturationC.being advancedD.catching up with the trendBPassage Two/BMost new words are made up from other earlier words; language-making i

36、s a conservative process, wasting little. When new words unfold out of old ones, the original meaning usually hangs around like an unrecognizable scent, a sort of secret.There are two immense words from Indo-European, gene and bheu, each a virtual anthill in itself, from which we have constructed th

37、e notion Of everything. At the beginning or as far back as they are traceable, they meant something like being. Gene signified beginning, giving birth, while bheu indicated existence and growth. Gene turned itself successively into kund jaz (Germanic) and gecynd (Old English), meaning kin or kind. K

38、ind was at first a family connection, later an elevated social rank, and finally came to rest meaning kindly or gentle. Meanwhile, a branch of gene became the Latin gens which emerged as genus, genius, genital, and generous; then still holding on to its inner significance it became “nature“ (out of

39、gnasci).While gene was evolving into “nasture“ and “kind“ bheu was moving through similar transformations. One branch became the English word “build“. It also moved into Greek, as phuein, meaning to bring forth and make grow; then as phusis, which was another word for nature. Phusis became the sourc

40、e of physic which at first meant natural science and later was the word for medicine. Still later, physic became physics.Both words, at todays stage of their evolution, can be taken together to mean, literally, everything in the universe. You do not come by words like this easily; they cannot just b

41、e made up from scratch. They need long lives before they can signify. “Everyting,“ C. S. Lewis observed in a discussion of the words, “is a subject on which there is not much to be said.“ The words themselves must show the internal marks of long use; they must contain their own inner conversation.（分

42、数：4.00）(1).The passage is mainly concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.how to coin new wordsB.where to trace the origin of languageC.the evolution of wordsD.language and nature(2).When a new word is formed from an old one _.（分数：1.00）A.the original meaning of the old dies outB.it is hard to know the secret of

43、the development of the wordC.the new word carries with itself some of the original meaningD.the meaning of the new word is often confusing(3).Why does the writer say “gene“ and “bheu“ are immense words?（分数：1.00）A.Because they are rich in meaning.B.Because they come from a very old language.C.Beacuse

44、 they remind us of anthill.D.Because they mean beginning and birth.(4).The word “gene“ develops into the following meaings and words EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.beginningB.growthC.generousD.gentleBPassage Three/BTraditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperious, countries,

45、 dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testi

46、fy to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old qu

47、estions “What happened?“ and “How did it happen?“ have given way to the question “Why did it happen?“ Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historica

48、l context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts“ not from history, the detailed records o