[外语类试卷]2013年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2013年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Shoes of this kind are_to slip on wet ground. （ A） feasible （ B） approprate （ C） apt （ D） fitting 2 I bought an alarm clock with a(n)_dial which can be seen clearly in the dark. （ A） supersonic （ B） luminous （ C） audible （ D） amplified 3 Her jewe

2、lry_under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. （ A） glared （ B） glittered （ C） blazed （ D） glowed 4 Put on dark glasses or the sun will_you and you wont be able to see. （ A） discern （ B） distort （ C） distract （ D） dazzle 5 In spite of the_economic forecasts, manufacturing o

3、utput has risen slightly. （ A） gloomy （ B） miserable （ C） shadowy （ D） obscure 6 The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be_by this device. （ A） ignited （ B） lighted （ C） fired （ D） inspired 7 Often such arguments have the effect of_rather than clarifying the issues involved. （ A） obscuri

4、ng （ B） prejudicing （ C） tackling （ D） blocking 8 His_directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take. （ A） ambiguous （ B） complicated （ C） arbitrary （ D） intricate 9 The law on drinking and driving is_stated. （ A） extravagantly （ B） empirically （ C） exceptionally （ D） explici

5、tly 10 We shall probably never be able to_the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles. （ A） assert （ B） impart （ C） ascertain （ D） notify 11 As a _ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. （ A） flexible （ B） versatile （ C） sophisticated （ D） productive 12

6、Mr. Smith became very_when it was suggested that he had made a mistake. （ A） ingenious （ B） empirical （ C） objective （ D） indignant 13 Please do not be _by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention. （ A） distracted （ B） disregarded （ C） irritated （ D） intervened 14 Grain p

7、roduction in the world is_, but still millions go hungry. （ A） staggering （ B） shrinking （ C） soaring （ D） suspending 15 Competition, they believe, _the national character than corrupt it. （ A） enforces （ B） confirms （ C） intensifies （ D） strengthens 16 The republication of the poets most recent wor

8、ks will certainly _ his national reputation. （ A） magnify （ B） strengthen （ C） enlarge （ D） enhance 17 The music aroused an_feeling of homesickness in him. （ A） intentional （ B） intermittent （ C） intense （ D） intrinsic 18 The medicine_his pain but did not cure his illness. （ A） activated （ B） allevi

9、ated （ C） mediated （ D） deteriorated 19 The work in the office was_by a constant stream of visitors. （ A） confused （ B） hampered （ C） reversed （ D） perplexed 20 A visitor to a museum today would notice_changes in the way museums are operated. （ A） cognitive （ B） rigorous （ C） conspicuous （ D） exclus

10、ive 二、 Cloze 20 A deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that【 C1】_does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however

11、, were the new, positive【 C2】 _that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be【 C3】 _. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more【 C4】 _, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the

12、 more people online, the more potential【 C5】 _there are. More and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left【 C6】 _, want to spread internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divid

13、e will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for【 C7】 _world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have, Bu

14、t it has big potential. To【 C8】 _advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices【 C9】 _respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of【 C10】 _(th

15、e basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure concerning roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with foreign investmen

16、t. 21 【 C1】 （ A） divide （ B） information （ C） world （ D） lecture 22 【 C2】 （ A） forces （ B） obstacles （ C） events （ D） surprises 23 【 C3】 （ A） negative （ B） optimistic （ C） pleasant （ D） disappointed 24 【 C4】 （ A） developed （ B） centralized （ C） realized （ D） commercialized 25 【 C5】 （ A） users （ B） p

17、roducers （ C） customers （ D） citizens 26 【 C6】 （ A） away （ B） for （ C） aside （ D） behind 27 【 C7】 （ A） containing （ B） preventing （ C） keeping （ D） combating 28 【 C8】 （ A） bring （ B） keep （ C） hold （ D） take 29 【 C9】 （ A） at （ B） with （ C） of （ D） for 30 【 C10】 （ A） construction （ B） facility （ C） i

18、nfrastructure （ D） institution 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 Do you think that all human beings have a “comfort zone“ regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean

19、, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 2

20、1 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa. there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This mater of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness

21、with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes! Although Nort

22、h Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone“ for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs t

23、o emphasize a funny story; they put an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection; they readily take someones arm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact is unwelcome, espec

24、ially if inadvertently done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more. 31 In terms of bodily distance, North Americans_. （ A） are similar to South Americans （ B） stand farthest apart （ C） feel ill at ea

25、se when too close （ D） move nearer during conversations 32 It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchmen_. （ A） would behave in the same way as an American would （ B） would make no particular effort to distance himself （ C） would be afraid of bodily contact （ D） would d

26、o his best to leave 33 An American puts his hand on another mans shoulder_. （ A） to show apathy （ B） to show passion （ C） to show friendliness （ D） to disguise his feeling 34 The passage mainly concerns_. （ A） distance and contact （ B） body language （ C） cultural differences between the East and the

27、 West （ D） hand signals 34 Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wonders of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air. How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made

28、 about 2, 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to their bodies. A pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmers mourn. But little progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, d

29、esigned a complete diving suit. In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to be worn over the divers head. To “clean“ the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, b

30、ut it gave later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices. In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 1837, he invented the “ hard-hat suit“ was to be used for nearly a century. It had a

31、 metal covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openings to remove unwanted air. But mere were two dangers to the diver inside the “ hard-hat suit“. One was the sudden rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was me cru

32、shing of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill me diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death. Gradually the “hard-hat suit“ was improved so mat the diver could be given a constant supply of a

33、ir. The diver could men move around under me ocean without worrying about the air supply. During the 1940s diving underwater without a special suit became popular. Instead, divers used a breaming device and a small covering made of rubber and glass over parts of the face. To improve the swimmers spe

34、ed another new invention was used: a piece of rubber shaped like a giant foot, which was attached to each of me divers own feet. The manufacture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for divers to float on the surface of the water, observing the marine life underneam them. A special rubber suit

35、 enabled them to stay in cold water for long periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life mat had never been obtained in the past. The most important advance, however, was the invention of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, which is called a “ sucba“. Invented by two Fren

36、chmen, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, the scuba consists of a mouthpiece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to me divers back. The scuba makes it possible for a diver-scientist to work 200 feet underwater or even deeper for several hours. As a result, scientists can

37、now move around freely at great depths, learning about me wonders of the sea. 35 The main progress mentioned in this passage was （ A） an Italian professor invented a large air bag. （ B） men invented the best diving devices. （ C） an Italian painter designed a complete diving suit. （ D） an air bag. 36

38、 An invention of an Italian professor （ A） worked out very well. （ B） can “clean“ the air. （ C） inspired later inventions. （ D） was used to remove moisture. 37 Siebes invention was not a perfect one, because （ A） too small a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surface. （ B） a sudden d

39、ive into deep water could cause the crushing of the body. （ C） the air pipe attached to a machine could be above the surface. （ D） both A and B 38 The word “seuba“ is （ A） a certain divers name. （ B） an original English word. （ C） named by the inventor. （ D） an acronym. 38 In recent years, there has

40、 been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship“ , US Conqressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and eve

41、n early death“. Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “ All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,“ Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat. “ Dust

42、ans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in bl

43、ood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced. “An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population“, notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt mak

44、es no sense. “ Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/ 3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grawrs of this salt allowance would come

45、 from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “ low salt “ exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “ we do not

46、know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension“. In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity(much more dangerous than sodium); generic predisposition; stress. “It is not your enemy,

47、“ says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up. “ 39 According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt co

48、nsumed （ A） exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health. （ B） cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders. （ C） correlates highly with some diseases. （ D） is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease. 40 From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that （ A） a low-salt diet

49、 may be prescribed for some people. （ B） the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure. （ C） the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient. （ D） an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone. 41 In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that （ A） people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt. （ B） doctors should not advise pe